1、考研英语-390 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many people invest in the stock market hoping to find the next Microsoft and Dell. However, I know (1) personal experience how difficult this really is. For more than a year, I waw (2) hundreds and sometimes thousands of dollars
2、 a day investing in the market. It seemed so easy, I dreamed of (3) my job at the end of the year, of buying a small apartment in Paris, of traveling around the world. But these dreams (4) to a sudden and dramatic end when a stock I (5) , Texas cellular pone wholesaler, fell by more than 75 percent
3、(6) a one year period. On the (7) day, it plunged by more than $ 15 a share. There was a rumor the company was (8) sales figures. That was when I leamed how quickly Wall street (9) companies that misrepresent the (10) .In a (11) , I sold all my stock in the company, paying (12) margin debt with cash
4、 advances from my (13) card. Because I owned so many shares, I (14) a small fortune, half of it from money I borrowed from the brokerage company. One month, I am a (15) , the next, a loser. This one big loss was my first lesson in the market.My father was a stockbroker, as way my grandfather (16) hi
5、m. (In fact, he founded one of Chicagos earliest brokerage firms. ) But like so many things in life, we dont learn anything until we (17) it for ourselves. The only way to really understand the inner (18) of the stock market is to invest your own hard-earned money. When all your stocks are doing (19
6、) and you feel like a winner, you learn very little. Its when all your stocks are losing and everyone is questioning your stock-picking (20) that you find out if you have what it takes to invest in the market.（分数：10.00）A.atB.inC.fromD.byA.makingB.spendingC.sellingD.buyingA.losingB.retiringC.gettingD
7、.quittingA.turnedB.cameC.wentD.seemedA.owendB.owedC.rentedD.soldA.overB.byC.fromD.withA.busyB.slowC.worstD.fastA.cheatingB.exaggeratingC.announcingD.beatingA.punishesB.defeatsC.tellsD.showsA.tradeB.truthC.lieD.liesA.despairB.worryC.panicD.momentA.allB.offC.overD.upA.creditB.identityC.identficationD.
8、loanA.wonB.lostC.gainedD.foundA.winnerB.champagneC.geniusD.mentorA.afterB.beforeC.forD.andA.rememberB.liveC.imagineD.experienceA.workingsB.inningsC.priceD.sharesA.moreB.greatC.muchD.upA.facilityB.facultyC.abilityD.power二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00
9、)Income inequality in the United State remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970s, however, this period of stability ended, as the first signs of widening income inequality became apparent. Over the course of the 1970s and 1980s , an increasingly clear tren
10、d toward greater income inequality emerged. By the end of the 1980s, the top 20 percent of workers were receiving the largest share of income ever recorded by government figures, and the bottom three fifths were receiving the lowest shares ever recorded. This trend has continued into the 1990s and c
11、urrently shows no signs of decline. When the indicators of growing inequality were first observed in the 1970s, some researchers argued that the effects were merely temporary artifacts of short-term labor market disturbances. The new occupational structure appears to be one with an increase of well-
12、paid technical, scientific and professional jobs at the top, a sliding middle class, and a growing poorly-paid service and retail jobs at the bottom. Several important labor-force changes appeared to be contributing to the shifting occupational structure.As occupational reconstructing and growing in
13、come inequality have become increasingly evident, a heated debate as to the causes and magnitude of these changes arose. Two dominant bodies of thought emerged around the issue: the job-skill mismatch thesis and the polarization thesis. Mismatch theorists argue that there is an increasing distance b
14、etween the high skill requirements of post-industrial jobs and the inadequate training and mediocre qualifications of workers. They see the post-industrial economy leaving behind unskilled workers, especially women and minorities. For the mismatch theorist, the trend toward greater inequality is tem
15、porary arid will dissipate once the supply of workers acquires the skills demanded by a post-industrial economy. And they predict that the workers will experience an upgrading in their wages over the long run. Polarization theorists, on the other hand, believe that the rise in inequality is permanen
16、t, a result of the shift to a service-based economy. This vision of the postindustrial economy is characteristically polarized. The problem according to these theorists, is the type of jobs being generated in the new economy, not worker attributes. Because they believe the causes are structural and
17、permanent, polarization theorists would deny the efficacy of public policies designed to educate and train unskilled workers. They predict a long-term continuation of the trend towards increasing income inequality.Studies show that the long-run increase in income inequality is also related to change
18、s in the Nations labor market and its household composition. The wage distribution has become considerably more unequal with more highly skilled, trained and educated workers at the top experiencing real wage gains and those at the bottom real wage losses. One factor is the shift in employment from
19、those goods-producing industries that have disproportionately provided high-wage opportunities for low-skilled workers, towards services that disproportionately employ college graduates, and towards low-wage sectors such as retail trade. But within industry, shifts in labor demand away from less-edu
20、cated workers are perhaps a more important explanation of eroding wages than the shift out of manufacturing.Also cited as putting downward pressure on the wages of less-educated workers are intensifying global competition and immigration, the decline of the proportion of workers belonging to unions,
21、 the decline in the real value of the minimum wage, the increasing need for computer skills, and the increasing use of temporary workers.（分数：10.00）(1).From the Paragraph 1, we can see that beginning in the 1970s_.（分数：2.00）A.income became more unequalB.income became more equalC.income became more uns
22、tableD.income became more stable(2).According to the statistics of the 1980s, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.The top 20 percent of the workers earned more than the well-paid technicians.B.Over half of the workers were poorly paid.C.There were more service jobs.D.Income still remained
23、unequal.(3).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Both mismatch theorists and polarization theorists think that greater inequality will remain.B.Mismatch theorists and polarization theorists have opposite views regarding the post-industrial economy.C.Pola
24、rization theorists do not think it useful to train the workers.D.Both groups of theorists try to explain the causes of income inequality.(4).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.The long-run increase in income inequality is caused by he wage distribution.B.fewer goods-producing indus
25、trial workers will be employed.C.Not enough college students are employed by different services.D.Less educated workers have become more important.(5).According to the writer, intensifying global competition and immigration will _.（分数：2.00）A.reduce the proportion of union workersB.reduce the real va
26、lue of the minimum wageC.increase the use of temporary workersD.make the wages of less-educated workers go down五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. Thats a move similar to what a Texas
27、 AM University researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ark“.Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas AMs College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo transfer work and related procedures, says he salutes the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the
28、best success possible. Its a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and its very much like what were attempting here at Texas AMto save animals from extinction. “Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certai
29、n species should become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in d
30、anger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three t
31、o five years to complete.“The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem,“ Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a long time and its difficult, but thi
32、s could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort , “adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas AM, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something thats never be
33、en done, and this is very similar to our work in Noahs Ark. Were both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly applaud their effort and theres a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. Its a research that is very much needed. /（分数：10.00）(1).The aim of “Noahs Ark“ projec
34、t is to_.（分数：2.00）A.implant embryo into a host animalB.salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandasC.save endangered animals from extinctionD.introduce cells from a dead female panda into the egg ceils of a Japanese white rabbit(2).How long will the Chinese panda-cloning project take according to the
35、 passage?（分数：2.00）A.1 year.B.3 to 5 years.C.2 years.D.25 years.(3).The word “groundbreaking“(Paragraph 7) can be interpreted as_.（分数：2.00）A.essentially newB.pioneeringC.evolutionaryD.epoch-making(4).What could be the major problem in cloning pandas according to Professor Kraemer?（分数：2.00）A.Lack of a
36、vailable panda eggs.B.Lack of host animals.C.Lack of qualified researchers.D.Lack of funds.(5).The best title for the passage may be_.（分数：2.00）A.Chinathe Native Place of Pandas ForeverB.Chinas Efforts to Clone PandasC.Chinas First Cloned PandaD.Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas六、Text 3(总题数：1
37、，分数：10.00)It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given to speed, assumptions, might think it marvelous to have such a resource of busi
38、ness school graduates ready for the recovery. Unfortunately, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree not least among MBA graduates themselves, suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing the prospect of shrinking management structures.What was taken some years ago as
39、 a ticket of certain admission to success is now being exposed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek “can-dos“ rather than “might-dos“, and who feel that academia bas not been sufficiently appreciative of the needs of industry or of the employers possible contribution.It is curious, g
40、iven the name of the degree, that there should be no league table for UK business schools; no unanimity about what the degree should encompass; and no agreed system of accreditation. Su rely there is something wrong. One wonders where all the tutors for this massive infusion of business expertise ca
41、me from and why all this mushrooming took place.Perhaps companies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest in already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal ladders The Institute of Managements 1992 survey, which revealed that eighty-one per cent of managers th
42、ought they personally would be more effective if they received more training, suggests that this might be the case. There is, too, the fact that training alone does not make successful managers. They need the inherent qualifications. Of character; a degree of self-subjugation; and above all, the abi
43、lity to communicate and lead; more so now, when empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflexions, if not total conviction.One can easily think of people, some comparatively unlettered, who are not lauded captains of industry. We may, therefore, not need to be too concerned about th
44、e fall in applications for business school places, or even the doubt about MBAs. The proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution. If the Management Charter Initiative, now exploring the introduction of a senior management qualification, is successful, there will be
45、 a powerful corrective.We believe now that management is all about change. One hopes there will be some of that in relationship between management and science within industry, currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention. No-one doubts that we need more scientists and innovation to g
46、ive us an edge in an increasingly competitive world. If scientists feel themselves undervalued and under-used, working in industrial ghettos, that is not a promising augury for the future. It seems we have to resolve these misapprehensions between science and. industry. Above all, we have to make su
47、re that management is not itself smug about its status and that it does not issue mission statements about communication without realizing that the essence of it is a dialogue. More empowerment is required and we should strive to achieve it.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the writers view in the reading passa
48、ge?（分数：2.00）A.He believes that there are too many MBAsB.He believes that the degree is over-valuedC.He believes that standards are inconsistentD.He believes that the degree has dubious value(2).According to the passage, employers_.（分数：2.00）A.feel that they have not been consulted sufficiently about
49、their needsB.consider that cost-consciousness is the most important qualificationC.are more concerned about the value of the degree than graduates themselvesD.feel that MBAs will not be necessary because of shrinking management structures(3).According to the passage_.（分数：2.00）A.managers need a degree and the ability to communicateB.training need to be done in groups to be successfulC.managers today must have good communication and leadership skillsD.industrial managers do not need to write letters.(4).In the writers opi
