1、考研英语-380 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Sometimes we have specific problems with our mother; sometimes, life with her can just be hard work. If there are difficulties in your (1) , its best to deal with them, (2) remember that any (3) should be done (4) person or by l
2、etter. The telephone is not a good (5) because it is too easy (6) either side to (7) the conversation.Explain to her (8) you find difficult in your relationship and then (9) some new arrangements that you think would establish a (10) balance between you. Sometimes we hold (11) from establishing such
3、 boundaries because we are afraid that doing (12) implies we are (13) her. We need to remember that being (14) from our mother does not (15) mean that we no longer love her. If the conflict is (16) and you cannot find a way to (17) it, you might decide to give up your relationship with your mother f
4、or a while. Some of my patients had (18) “trial separations“. The (19) allowed things to simmer down, enabling (20) .（分数：10.00）A.relationshipB.emissionC.emulationD.interpretationA.andB.butC.thusD.orA.contradictionB.estimationC.confrontationD.immersionA.byB.forC.toD.inA.innovationB.manoeuvreC.mediumD
5、.synthesisA.onB.forC.offD.toA.formulateB.commenceC.perceiveD.terminateA.whetherB.howC.whatD.whyA.proposeB.performC.removeD.outlineA.distinctiveB.turbulentC.spontaneousD.healthierA.backB.onC.offD.byA.itB.whichC.whatD.soA.musteringB.ejectingC.insultingD.retaliatingA.harmoniousB.wholesomeC.malignantD.i
6、ndependentA.instantlyB.reluctantlyC.necessarilyD.steadilyA.moderateB.hereditaryC.inevitableD.extremeA.shapeB.resolveC.simulateD.grindA.successfulB.compulsoryC.miserableD.stationaryA.blunderB.temptationC.breakD.traitA.reconciliationB.rebellionC.recreationD.rehearse二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三
7、、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Despite increased airport security since September 11th, 2001, the technology to scan both passengers and baggage for weapons and bombs remains largely unchanged. Travellers walk through metal detectors and carry-on bags pass through x-ray machines that
8、superimpose colour-coded highlights, but do little else. Checked-in luggage is screened by “computed tomography“, which peers inside a suitcase rather like a CAT scan of a brain. These systems can alert an operator to something suspicious, but they cannot tell what it is.More sophisticated screening
9、 technologies are emerging, albeit slowly. There are three main approaches: enhanced x-rays to spot hidden objects, sensor technology to sniff dangerous chemicals, and radio frequencies that can identify liquids and solids. A number of manufacturers are using “reflective“ or “backscatter“ x-rays tha
10、t can be calibrated to see objects through clothing. They can spot things that a metal detector may not, such as a ceramic knife or plastic explosives. But some people think they can reveal too much. In America, civil-liberties groups have stalled the introduction of such equipment, arguing that it
11、is too intrusive. To protect travellers modesty, filters have been created to blur genital areas.Machines that can detect minute traces of explosive are also being tested. Passengers walk through a machine that blows a burst of air, intended to dislodge molecules of substances on a persons body and
12、clothes. The air is sucked into a filter, which instantaneously analyses it to see whether it includes any suspect substances. The process can work for baggage as well. It is a vast improvement on todays method, whereby carry-on items are occasionally swabbed and screened for traces of explosives. B
13、ecause this is a manual operation, only a small share of bags are examined this way.The most radical of the new approaches uses “quadrupole resonance technology“. This involves bombarding an object with radio waves. By reading the returning signals, the machines can identify the molecular structure
14、of the materials it contains. Since every compound-solid, liquid or gas-creates a unique frequency, it can be read like a fingerprint. The system can be used to look for drugs as well as explosives.For these technologies to make the jump from development labs and small trials to full deployment at a
15、irports they must be available at a price that airports are prepared to pay. They must also be easy to use, take up little space and provide quick results, says Chris Yates, a security expert with Janes Airport Review. Norman Shanks, an airport security expert, says adding the new technologies costs
16、 around $ 100 000 per machine; he expects the systems to be rolled out commercially over the next 12 months. They might close off one route to destroying an airliner, but a cruel certainty is that terrorists will try to find others.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the relationship between the 2nd paragraph and
17、 the 3rd, 4th and 5th paragraphs?（分数：2.00）A.A generalization is made in paragraph 2 and then elaborated in paragraph 3,4 and 5.B.More sophisticated screening technologies are mentioned in paragraph 2 and 3 and then examples are provided in paragraph 4 and 5.C.Specific evidence is provided in paragra
18、ph 1,2 and 3 and then a conclusion is drawn in paragraph 4.D.Three main approaches are advanced in paragraph 2,3 and then their functions are detailed in paragraph 4 and 5.(2).The delay of employment of x-ray equipment lies in its _.（分数：2.00）A.unreliable screeningB.full exposureC.inadequate efficien
19、cyD.travellers modesty(3).Which of the followings is a determining factor in terms of the prospect of the screening technologies discussed in the text?（分数：2.00）A.Their efficiency.B.Their brand.C.Their output.D.Their component.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.new metho
20、ds to prevent terrorism on aero-planes are not a panaceaB.new equipment will be mass-produced commercially over the next 12 monthsC.new methods are readily monitored by security staffs at the airportD.new equipment can only detect minute traces of explosive(5).The word “albeit“ in the first sentence
21、 of the second paragraph most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.althoughB.onceC.ifD.as五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For the first time, George Bush has acknowledged the existence of secret CIA prisons around the world, where key terrorist suspects100 in all, officials say-have been interrogated with “an alterna
22、tive set of procedures“. Fourteen of the suspects, including the alleged mastermind of the September 11th attacks, were transferred on Monday to the American naval base at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba, where some will face trial for war crimes before special military commissions.Many of these men-as Mr. B
23、ush confirmed in a televised speech at the White House on September 6th-are al-Qaeda operatives or Taliban fighters who had sought to withhold information that could “save American lives“. “In these cases, it has been necessary to move these individuals to an environment where they can be held secre
24、tly (and) questioned by experts,“ the president said. He declined to say where they had been held or why they had not simply been sent straight to Guantanamo, as some 770 other suspected terrorists have been.Mr. Bush also refused to reveal what interrogation methods had been used, saying only that,
25、though “tough“, they had been “safe and lawful and necessary“. Many believe that the main purpose of the CIAs prisons was to hide from prying eyes the torture and other cruel or degrading treatment used to extract information from prisoners. But Mr. Bush insisted that America did not torture: “Its a
26、gainst our laws, and its against our values. I have not authorised it and I will not authorise it.“The pentagon this week issued its long-awaited new Army Field Manual, forbidding all forms of torture and degrading treatment of prisoners by army personnel-though not the CIA. For the first time, it s
27、pecifically bans forced nakedness, hooding, the Use of dogs, sexual humiliation and “waterboarding“ (simulated drowning)-all practices that have been used at Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib.So why did the president decide now to reveal the CIAs secret programme? Partly, he confessed; because of the Suprem
28、e Courts recent ruling that minimum protections under the Geneva Conventions applied to all military prisoners, no matter where they were. This has put American agents at risk of prosecution for war crimes. Mr. Bush has now asked Congress to ban suspected terrorists from suing American personnel in
29、federal courts.（分数：10.00）(1).In terms of literary device, the phrase “an alternative set of procedures“ in the first paragraph of the text is a kind of _.（分数：2.00）A.hyperboleB.euphemismC.black humorD.stream of consciousness(2).Mr. Bushs attitude toward the publics remarks is _.（分数：2.00）A.consentB.he
30、sitationC.denialD.approval(3).The term “declined“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes _.（分数：2.00）A.refusedB.droppedC.divedD.compromised(4).According to the text, the old Army Field Manual lacks _.（分数：2.00）A.some forms of degrading treatment of prisonersB.the trials of
31、time by the CIAC.torture by army personnel in Abu GhraibD.specific ban on “water-boarding“(5).According to the text, the president admits to some “alternative“ method due to _.（分数：2.00）A.charity impulseB.economic recessionC.domestic boomingD.legal pressure六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Seven years ago, a g
32、roup of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institutes school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female sc
33、ientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study conducted in Sweden, of all places-showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination play
34、s a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglias school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7 000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this years meeting of t
35、he British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around 1 500 ($ 2850 ) a year.That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesi
36、s is that the courses of mens and womens lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking “career breaks“ to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any giv
37、en grade of the hierarchy, Male professors, for example, earn over 4 000 a year more than female ones.To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, an
38、d therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantia123% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.Besides pay, her study also looked at the “glass-ceiling“ effect-namely that at all
39、stages of a woman s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being fo
40、r a woman to settle into a professorial chair:Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connollys compared the experience of scientists in uni
41、versities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities.
42、Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase “crop up“ in the first paragraph most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.plantB.thriveC.elevateD.happen(2).Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. connollys st
43、udy?（分数：2.00）A.Pay discrimination between male and female scientists.B.Fewer resources for research by women scientists.C.The super qualities possessed by male scientists.D.The role of analyzing the results of a survey.(3).According to the text, the author places interpretation on _.（分数：2.00）A.a ter
44、mB.a slangC.a humorD.a motto(4).In contrast to Dr. Connollys study, the previous ones failed to _.（分数：2.00）A.make a comparison between the experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universitiesB.make themselves more eligible for promotionC.make a difference for a wo
45、man to settle into a professorial chairD.make the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equality(5).Which of followings could be the best title for the text?（分数：2.00）A.Take the Lead.B.Free to Flutter.C.The Hardest Move.D.Mind the Gap.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Artificial hearts have lon
46、g been the stuff of science fiction. In “Robocop“, snazzy cardiac devices are made by Yamaha and Jensen, and in “Star Trek“, Jean-Luc Picard, captain of the Enterprise, has one implanted in the year 2328. In the present day, however, their history has been more chequered. The first serious attempt t
47、o build one happened in the 1980s, when Jarvik-7, made by Robert Jarvik, a surgeon at the University of Utah, captured the worlds attention. But Jarvik-7 was a complicated affair that needed to be connected via tubes to machines outside the body. The patient could not go home, nor even turn around i
48、n bed. Various other designs have been tried since, but all were seen as temporary expedients intended to tide a patient over until the real thing became available from a human donor.That may be about to change. This week, Americas Food and Drug Administration gave its approval to a new type of arti
49、ficial heart made by Abiomed, a firm based near Boston. The agency granted a “humanitarian device exemption“, a restricted form of approval that will allow doctors to implant the new device in people whose hearts are about to fail but who cannot, for reasons such as intolerance of the immunosuppressive drugs needed to stop rejection, receive a transplant. Such people have a life expectancy of less than a month, but a dozen similarly hopeless patients implanted with Abiomeds heart survived for abo
