1、考研英语-335 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and the marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, particularly first marriages (1) young couples, are the result of (2) attraction
2、 and affection (3) than practical considerations.In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children. Teenagers begin (4) in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social (5) .Though young people feel (6) to choose their friends from (7) groups, most
3、choose a mate of similar background.This is (8) in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usually (9) choices by (10) disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable.(11) , marriages between members of different groups(interclass, interfaith, and in
4、terracial marriages) are increasing, probably because of the greater (12) of todays youth and the fact that they are restricted by (13) prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their hometowns to attend college, (14) in the armed forces (15) pursue a career in a bigger city.Once away f
5、rom home and family, they are more (16) to date and marry outside their own social group.In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither (17) nor shocking. Interfaith marriages are (18) the rise particularly between Protestants and Catholics. On the other hand, interracial marriage is s
6、till very uncommon. It can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and (19) a family. Marriages between people of different national (20) (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace since colonial times.（分数：10.00）A.linkingB.involvingC.connecting
7、D.correlatingA.personalB.emotionalC.mutualD.magneticA.moreB.lessC.ratherD.otherA.datingB.appointmentC.engagementD.matchingA.positionB.associationC.contactsD.contractA.certainB.embarrassedC.hesitatedD.freeA.similarB.identicalC.differentialD.diverseA.forB.likelyC.dueD.becauseA.influenceB.giveC.makeD.o
8、fferA.soundingB.avoidingC.expectingD.voicingA.MoreoverB.HoweverC.Therefore.D.FurthermoreA.mobilityB.motiveC.moralD.missionA.lessB.ratherC.fewerD.manyA.workB.serveC.stayD.remainA.butB.otherwiseC.likewiseD.orA.probableB.likelyC.reluctantD.readilyA.rareB.scarceC.searedD.relievedA.inB.atC.onD.forA.raise
9、B.obtainC.crowD.uniteA.originB.sourceC.resourceD.base二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit down today and outline the future cour
10、se of the universe with anything like certainty. There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together. But we do know exactly what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good idea of how to go about getting it.Perhaps the best way to t
11、hink of our present situation is to imagine a train coming into a switchyard. All of the switches are set before the train arrives, so that its path is completely determined. Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no ambiguity if we can see the setting of a switch: we can say with conf
12、idence that some possible futures will not materialize and others will. At the unseen switches, however, there is no such certainty. We know the train will take one of the tracks leading out, but we have no idea which one. The unseen switches are the true decision points in the future, and what happ
13、ens when we arrive at them determines the entire subsequent course of events.When we think about the future of the universe, we can see our “track“ many billions of years into the future, but after that there are decision points to be dealt with and possible fates to consider. The goal of science is
14、 to reduce the ambiguity at the decision points and find the true road that will be followed.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, it is difficult to be certain about the distant future of the universe because we _.（分数：2.00）A.have too many conflicting theoriesB.do not have enough funding to contin
15、ue our researchC.are not sure how the universe is put togetherD.have focused our investigations on the moon and planets(2).What does the author see as the function of the universes unseen “switches“?（分数：2.00）A.They tell us which one of the tracks the universe will use.B.They enable us to alter the c
16、ourse of the universe.C.They give us information about the lunar surface.D.They determine which course the universe will take in the future.(3).For whom is the author probably writing this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Train engineers.B.General audiences.C.Professors of statistics.D.Young children.(4).Which of
17、 the following statements best describes the organization of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.A statement illustrated by an analogy.B.A hypothesis supported by documentation.C.A comparison of two contrasting theories.D.A critical analysis of a common assumption.(5).The word “track“ in the last paragraph most
18、probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.ways of lifeB.marks of carsC.orbits of planetsD.a course for racing.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In science fiction there is to be found the recurrent theme of the omniscient computer which ultimately takes over the ordering of human life and affairs. Is this possible? I belie
19、ve is it not: but also believe that the arguments commonly advanced to refute this possibility are the worng ones. First it is often said that computers “do not really think“. This I submit is nonsense: if computers do not think, then nor do human beings. For how do I define the process of thinking?
20、 I present datasay, an examination paperto a student, which he scans with a photoelectric organ we call an “eye“, the computer scans its data with a photoelectric organ we call a “tape-reader“. There is then a period when nothing obvious happens, through electroencephalogramfor the student. Lastly,
21、information based on the data is transcribed by means of a mechanical organ called a “hand“ by the student and a “teleprinter“ by the computer. In other words, the actions of man and machine differ only in the appliances they use.Secondly, it is said that computers “only do what they are told“, that
22、 they have to be programmed for every computation they undertake. But I do not believe that I was born with an innate ability to solve quadratic equations or to identify common members of the Britain flora: I, too, had to be programmed for these activities, but I happened to call my programmers by d
23、ifferent names, such as “schoolteacher“, “lecture“ or “professor“.Lastly, we are told that computers, unlike human beings, cannot interpret their own results. But interpretation is always of one set of information in the light of another set of information: it consists simply of finding the joint pa
24、ttern in two sets of data. The mathematics of doing this is cumbersome but well known; the computer would be perfectly willing to do the job if asked.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the authors attitude towards “the recurrent theme of the omniscient computer“ which will ultimately take over the ordering of hu
25、man life and affairs?（分数：2.00）A.He supports it.B.He shows his objection.C.Not definitely expressed.D.He shows ambivalence.(2).In the passage, the author _.（分数：2.00）A.agrees to the three argumentsB.demonstrates the three arguments with more evidenceC.is against the three argumentsD.explains the three
26、 arguments more clearly(3).According to the author, as far as “thinking“ is concerned, computer is different from human beings in the fact that _.（分数：2.00）A.computer can not thinkB.computer is smarter and quicker than manC.they use different organsD.man actually is not able to think as a computer do
27、es(4).What does the last paragraph mean?（分数：2.00）A.Interpretation is no more than a set of information.B.The ability of interpretation is not a superiority of man over computer.C.Interpretation can be done in a clumsy mathematical way.D.Computer is willing to do any interpretation required.(5).What
28、is the authors best intention in writing this passage?（分数：2.00）A.To show computer is as intelligent as man.B.To show man is no better than computer.C.To show human life and affairs will be taken over by computers.D.To illustrate what kind of mistake people make in refuting the possibility that compu
29、ters will control the life of human beings.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is usual to classify types of production as job production, batch production and flow production. In job production, products are supplied to the special requirements of a customer, and the whole project is undertaken as one opera
30、tion which is completed before passing, on to the next. A good example of this kind of work is shipbuilding. In job production a single item is produced at a time, whereas in batch production a number of similar items are produced in order to meet a continuing sales demand Batch sizes vary, but the
31、quantity which is produced amounts to more than immediate requirements, and the surplus production is stored. Finally, in flow production, the manufacture of a product proceeds from one operation to another at a planned rate of output.It is argued that the type of production method which is employed
32、 depends on the development of an individual company. That. is to say, many factories begin manufacturing on a job production basis and proceed, as the volume of production increases, to batch and flow production methods. This is not always the case, however, since the type of production is not nece
33、ssarily determined by the product volume which is aimed at. In fact, in the car industry, tools are produced by jobbing methods, components are produced by batch methods, and the final product is assembled by flow methods.Flow production is associated with flow layouts, whereas job and batch product
34、ion are associated with process layouts. In a process layout, machines of a similar type are grouped together in the same section of the factory, and work in progress is moved from one part of the factory to another. In a flow layout scheme, the manufacturing equipment is arranged in the same sequen
35、ce as the operations performed on the product. Each of these operations must be capable of processing work at the rate required for assembly of the final product, and the output for each operation must be balanced in order to provide a smooth flow of work.There are advantages in both types of layout
36、. In a process layout system there is more flexibility, and a greater specialization of machines and labour is possible, while in a flow layout system it is not necessary to maintain a high level of stocks or to demand great skill in the workforce.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT mentione
37、d in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Job production.B.Flower production.C.Batch.D.Flow production.(2).In paragraph 1, “this kind of work“ refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.batch productionB.flow productionC.mass productionD.job production(3).The production method is not dependent on the size of a company because differ
38、ent products can _.（分数：2.00）A.be displayed at different locationsB.be produced by different production methodsC.be designed by different specialistsD.be sold at different markets(4).According to the passage, one advantage of flow production is _.（分数：2.00）A.too much flexibilityB.high level of stocks
39、neededC.particular machineryD.little specialisation of labour(5).Which of the following statements is true about this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Process layouts are appropriate to both job and batch production.B.Job production is aimed at producing several items at a time.C.A single product requires a singl
40、e production method.D.The production methods depend on individual company development.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Until recently, most American entrepreneurs (企业家)were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of
41、women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than 40 billion in annual revenues, and this figure is likely to continue rising throughout the 1980s. As Carolyn Doppelt Gray, an official of the Small Business Administration, has noted, “The 1970s was the decade o
42、f women entering management, and the 1980s has turned out to be the decade of the woman entrepreneur.“What are some of the factors behind this trend? For one thing, as more women earn advanced degrees in business and enter the corporate world, they are finding obstacles. Women are still excluded fro
43、m most executive suites. Charlotte Taylor, a management consultant, had noted, “In the 1970s women believed if they got an MBA and worked hard, they could become chairman of the board. Now theyve found out that isnt going to happen, so they go out on their own.“In the past, most women entrepreneurs
44、worked in “womens“ fieldscosmetics and clothing, for example. But this is changing. Consider ASK Computer Systems, a 22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in math and engineering. When Kurtzig founded the busines
45、s, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriersand her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the companys cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates
46、to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold. ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns 66.9 million of stock.Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially pro
47、blems in raising money; the Banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small.But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.（分数：10.00）(1).All of the following were
48、 mentioned in the passage as prejudices against women in the business world EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.women were not trained in businessB.women lacked ability to work in businessC.women were required to stay at home with their familiesD.women face discrimination in business(2).The author mentions the “sho
49、ebox under the ded“ in the third paragraph in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.point out that initially the financial resources of Sandra Kurtzigs business were limitedB.show the resourcefulness of Sandra KurtzigC.suggest that the company need to expandD.show the disadvantage of women in business(3).The word “hurdles“ in Paragraph 4 can be best replaced by _.（分数：2.00）A.small groupsB.questionsC.fencesD.obstacles(4).The main idea of this passage is that _.（分数：2.00）A.women are better at small businesses than men areB.women today are
