1、考研英语-116 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：10.00)College sports in the United States are a huge deal. Almost all major American universities have football, baseball, basketball and hockey programs, andU (1) /Umillions of dollars each year to sports. Most of them earn millionsU (2)
2、 /Uas well, in television revenues, sponsorships. They also benefitU (3) /Ufrom the added publicity they get via their teams. Big-name universitiesU (4) /Ueach other in the most popular sports. Football games at Michigan regularlyU (5) /Ucrowds of over 90, 000. Basketballs national collegiate champi
3、onship game is a TVU (6) /Uon a par with any other sporting event in the United States,U (7) /Uperhaps the Super Bowl itself. At any given time during fall or winter one canU (8) /Uones TV set and see the top athletic programs-from schools like Michigan, UCLA, Duke and Stanford-U (9) /Uin front of p
4、acked houses and national TV audiences.The athletes themselves areU (10) /Uand provided with sch61arships. College coaches identifyU (11) /Uteenagers and then go into high schools toU (12) /Uthe countrys best players to attend their universities. There are strict rules aboutU (13) /Ucoaches can recr
5、uit-no recruiting calls after 9 p. m. , only one official visit to a campus-but they are often bent and sometimesU (14) /U. Top college football programsU (15) /Uscholarships to 20 or 30 players each year, and those student-athletes, when they arriveU (16) /Ucampus, receive free housing, tuition, me
6、als, books, etc.In return, the playersU (17) /Uthe program in their sport. Football players at top collegesU (18) /Utwo hours a day, four days a week from January to April. In summer, its back to strength and agility training four days a week until mid-August, when campU (19) /Uand preparation for t
7、he opening of the September-to-December season beginsU (20) /UDuring the season, practices last two or three hours a day from Tuesday to Friday. Saturday is game day. Mondays are an officially mandated day of rest.（分数：10.00）A.attributeB.distributeC.devoteD.attachA.outB.byC.inD.backA.directlyB.indire
8、ctlyC.apartD.indirectA.compete forB.compete inC.compete againstD.compete overA.drawB.amuseC.governD.handleA.spectatorB.spectacleC.spectrumD.spectaclesA.saveB.savingC.savedD.to saveA.flip onB.flap atC.fling awayD.flush outA.battleB.to battleC.battlingD.battledA.recruitedB.reconciledC.rectifiedD.reser
9、vedA.promisingB.pleasingC.prominentD.professionalA.contriveB.convinceC.convertD.convictA.whichB.whatC.howD.whetherA.ignoredB.neglectedC.rememberedD.noticedA.offerB.affordC.awardD.rewardA.inB.onC.atD.aroundA.commit themselves toB.commit themselves onC.commute themselves toD.comply themselves toA.work
10、 inB.work outC.work overD.work offA.recallsB.enlistsC.convenesD.collectsA.in principleB.in confidenceC.in nameD.in earnest二、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BText 1/BBritish cancer researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites ar
11、e the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia-not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease.“Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual
12、 result of a common infection,“ said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. “A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you Suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where
13、you might have people who had not been exposed to the infection. “ Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been tryin
14、g to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of
15、 population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of construction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. “Our study shows that population mixing can account for the (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a hig
16、her risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing,“ Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer.Their paper adds crucial weight to the 1988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford Univers
17、ity, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.（分数：10.00）(1).Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection?（分数：2.00）A.Leo KinlenB.Richard DollC.Louise ParkerD.Heather Dickinson(2).Which statement can be su
18、pported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parkers new findings?（分数：2.00）A.Radiation has contributed to the disease.B.Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhood leukaemia.C.Population mixing is the most important reason for leukaemia cluster.D.Childhood leu
19、kaemia is caused by an unusual infection.(3).According to the passage, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors.B.Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia.C.Radiation has nothing to do with childhood leu
20、kaemia.D.Children born in a large town are at higher risk of leukaemia.(4).Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a_.（分数：2.00）A.medical journalB.research instituteC.private companyD.governmental agency(5).This passage is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.the cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafiel
21、d nuclear reprocessing partB.the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemiaC.the causes of childhood leukaemiaD.a new finding by British scientistsBText 2/BFor me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical
22、 and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure of theoretical knowledge,
23、 sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfil the need to understand what is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he w
24、as in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and are of the greatest importance because they also contribute to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more trul
25、y human.But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications will have immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in lar
26、ge part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections, zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible
27、 centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first man to study nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology, without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. P
28、ure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But, in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly.（分数：10.00）(1).The most important advances made b
29、y mankind come from_.（分数：2.00）A.apparently useless informationB.the natural sciencesC.philosophyD.technical applications(2).The author does not include among the science the study of_.（分数：2.00）A.AstronomyB.LiteratureC.ChemistryD.Economics(3).In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may expect
30、the author to discuss_.（分数：2.00）A.unforeseen discoveriesB.philosophyC.the value of pure researchD.the value of technical research(4).The author points out that the Greeks who studies conic section_.（分数：2.00）A.were unaware of the value of their studiesB.were mathematiciansC.resignedD.were interested
31、in navigation(5).The practical scientist_.（分数：2.00）A.is a philosopherB.is interested in the unknownC.knows the value of what he will discoverD.knows that the world existsBText 3/BOpinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens fro
32、m now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not cr
33、eate conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighbourhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which mos
34、t people s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought about may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal emp
35、loyment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory s
36、ystem destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes, Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people travelled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and places in which
37、 they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impr
38、actical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.（分数：10.00）(1).What idea did the author derive from the recent opinion polls?（分数：2.00）A.New jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figures.B.Available employ
39、ment should be restricted to a small percentage of the population.C.The present high unemployment figures are a fact of life.D.Jobs available must be distributed among more people.(2).The passage suggests that we should now re-examine our thinking about work and_.（分数：2.00）A.be prepared to fill in ti
40、me by taking up houseworkB.set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn cab employ othersC.create more factories in order to increase our productivityD.be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of work(3).The passage tells us that the arrival of the industrial age meant
41、that_.（分数：2.00）A.economic freedom came within everyones reachB.patterns of work were fundamentally changedC.to survive, everyone had to find a jobD.universal employment guaranteed prosperity(4).As a result of the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries,_.（分数：2.00）A.people were not adequately compe
42、nsated for the loss of their landB.people were no longer legally entitled to reclaim land C.people were badly paid for the work they managed to findD.people were forced to look elsewhere for means of supporting themselves(5).According to the passage, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.People
43、should start to Support themselves by learning a practical skill.B.The creation of jobs for all is an impossibility.C.We should help people to get full-time jobs;D.We must make every effort to solve the problem of unemployment.BText 4/BDespite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how pr
44、oud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, They always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self-indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane
45、 would look you in tire eye and say, “Denmark is a great country.“ Youre supposed to figure this out for yourself.It is the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining
46、programs, job seminars. Danes love seminars: Three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as good as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs-there is no Danish Academy to defen
47、d against it-old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as the saying goes, “Few have too much and fewer have too little,“ and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze,
48、where Sir and Madame have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recyclers-about 55% of Danish garbage gets made into something new-and no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachiev
49、ers-a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, “Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern hemisphere.“ So, of course, ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish slea
