1、考研英语(二)-35 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：100.00)In the villages of the English countryside there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors. There simply wasn“t any crime to worry about. Amazingly, these happy times appear st
2、ill to be with us in the world“s biggest community. A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors. SATAN can t
3、ry out a variety of well-known hacking tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. Farmer has made the program publicly available, amid much criticism. A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle. But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert
4、 the public to poor security and, so far, events have proved him right. SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder. So is the Net becoming more secure? Far from it. In the early days, when you visited a Web site your browser simply looked at the content. Now the Web is
5、full of tiny programs that automatically download when you look at a Web page, and run on your own machine. These programs could, if their authors wished, do all kinds of nasty things to your computer. At the same time, the Net is increasingly populated with spiders, worms, agents and other types of
6、 automated beasts designed to penetrate the sites and seek out and classify information. All these make wonderful tools for antisocial people who want to invade weak sites and cause damage. But let“s look on the bright side. Given the lack of locks, the Internet is surely the world“s biggest (almost
7、) crime-free society. Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally honest. Or that there currently isn“t much to steal. Or because vandalism isn“t much fun unless you have a peculiar dislike for someone. Whatever the reason, let“s enjoy it while we can. But expect it all to change, and security t
8、o become the number one issue, when the most influential inhabitants of the Net are selling services they want to be paid for.（分数：25.00）(1).By saying “.owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors“ (Lines 3-4, Para.2), the author means th
9、at（分数：5.00）A.those happy times appear still to be with usB.there simply wasn“t any crime to worry aboutC.many sites are not well-protectedD.hackers try out tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in(2).SATAN, a program designed by Dan Fanner can be used _.（分数：5.00）A.to investigate the s
10、ecurity of Internet sitesB.to improve the security of the Internet systemC.to prevent hackers from breaking into websitesD.to download useful programs and information(3).Fanner“s program has been criticized by the public because _.（分数：5.00）A.it causes damage to Net browsersB.it can break into Intern
11、et sitesC.it can be used to cause disorder on all sitesD.it can be used by people with evil intent(4).The author“s attitude toward SATAN is _.（分数：5.00）A.enthusiasticB.positiveC.criticalD.indifferent(5).The author suggests in the last paragraph that _.（分数：5.00）A.we should make full use of the Interne
12、t before security measures are strengthenedB.we should alert the most influential businessmen to the importance of securityC.influential businessmen should give priority to the improvement of Net securityD.net inhabitants should not let security measures affect their joy of surfing the InternetI cam
13、e away from my years of teaching on the college and university level with a conviction that enactment, performance, dramatization are the most successful forms of teaching. Students must be incorporated, made, so far as possible, an integral part of the learning process. The notion that learning sho
14、uld have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. Of Ezekiel Cheever, the most famous schoolmaster of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, his onetime student Cotton Mather wrote that he so planned his les
15、sons that his pupils “came to work as though they came to play,“ and Alfred North Whitehead, almost three hundred years later, noted that a teacher should make his/her students “glad they were there“. Since, we are told, 80 to 90 percent of all instruction in the typical university is by the lecture
16、 method, we should give close attention to this form of education. There is, I think, much truth in Patricia Nelson Limerick“s observation that “lecturing is an unnatural act, an act for which God did not design humans. It is perfectly all right, now and then, for a human to be possessed by the urge
17、 to speak, and to speak while others remain silent. But to do this regularly, one hour and 15 minutes at a time. for one person to drag on while others sit in silence? .I do not believe that this is what the Creator. designed humans to do.“ The strange, almost incomprehensible fact is that many prof
18、essors, just as they feel obliged to write dully, believe that they should lecture dully. To show enthusiasm is to risk appearing unscientific, unobjective; it is to appeal to the students“ emotions rather than their intellect. Thus the ideal lecture is one filled with facts and read in an unchanged
19、 monotone. The cult of lecturing dully, like the cult of writing dully, goes back, of course, some years. Edward Shils, professor of sociology, recalls the professors he encountered at the University of Pennsylvania in his youth. They seemed “a priesthood, rather uneven in their merits but uniform i
20、n their bearing; they never referred to anything personal. Some read from old lecture notes and then haltingly explained the thumb-worn last lines. Others lectured from cards that had served for years, to judge by the worn edges The teachers began on time, ended on time, and left the room without sa
21、ying a word more to their students, very seldom being detained by questioners The classes were not large, yet there was no discussion. No questions were raised in class, and there were no office hours.“（分数：25.00）(1).The author believes that a successful teacher should be able to _.（分数：5.00）A.make dr
22、amatization an important aspect of students“ learningB.make inspired play an integral part of the learning processC.improve students“ learning performanceD.make study just as easy as play(2).The majority of university professors prefer the traditional way of lecturing in the belief that _.（分数：5.00）A
23、.it draws the close attention of the studentsB.it conforms in a way to the design of the CreatorC.it presents course content in a scientific and objective mannerD.it helps students to comprehend abstract theories more easily(3).What the author recommends in this passage is that _.（分数：5.00）A.college
24、education should be improved through radical measuresB.more freedom of choice should be given to students in their studiesC.traditional college lectures should be replaced by dramatized performancesD.interaction should be encouraged in the process of teaching(4).By saying “They seemed “a priesthood,
25、 rather uneven in their merits but uniform in their bearing.“ (Line 3, Para.4), the author means that _.（分数：5.00）A.professors are a group of professionals that differ in their academic ability but behave in the same wayB.professors are like priests wearing the same kind of black gown but having diff
26、erent roles to playC.there is no fundamental difference between professors and priests though they differ in their meritsD.professors at the University of Pennsylvania used to wear black suits which made them look like priests(5).Whose teaching method is particularly commended by the author?（分数：5.00
27、）A.Ezekiel Cheever“s.B.Cotton Mather“s.C.Alfred North Whitehead“s.D.Patricia Nelson Limerick“s.Take the case of public education alone. The principal difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for goi
28、ng into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of the legal
29、 age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when that age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, we must put them in school. We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We
30、have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer. It is surely too much to
31、hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities. They cannot care for the present restricted and inadequate system. The local communities have failed in their efforts to cope with unemployment. They cannot expect to cope with public education on the sc
32、ale on which we must attempt it. The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to the problem of public education may have to be much the same, and properly so. If there is one thing in which the citizens of all parts of the country have an interest, it is in the dece
33、nt education of the citizens of all parts of the country. Our income tax now goes in part to keep our neighbors alive. It may have to go in part as well to make our neighbors intelligent. We are now attempting to preserve the present generation through Federal relief of the destitute. Only a people
34、determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require.（分数：25.00）(1).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：5.00）A.How to persuade local communities to provide more funds.B.How to cope with the shortage of funds for public education.C.How to solve the ris
35、ing unemployment problem.D.How to improve the public education system.(2).What is the reason for the increase in the number of students?（分数：5.00）A.The requirement of educated workers by business.B.Raising of the legal age for going to work.C.The trend toward a shorter workday.D.People“s concern for
36、the future of the next generation.(3).The public agencies for adult education will be little better off because _.（分数：5.00）A.the unemployed are too poor to continue their educationB.a new leisure class has developedC.they are still suffering from the depressionD.an increase in taxes could be a probl
37、em(4).According to the author, the answer to the problem of public education is that the Federal government _.（分数：5.00）A.should allocate Federal funds for public educationB.should demand that local communities provide supportC.should raise taxes to meet the needs of public educationD.should first of
38、 all solve the problem of unemployment(5).Why does the author say “Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require“ (Lines 10-11, Para.3)?（分数：5.00）A.Only by appropriating adequate Federal funds for education can the next generation
39、have a bright future.B.Citizens of all parts of the country agree that the best way to support education is to use Federal funds.C.People all over the country should make contributions to education in the interest of the next generation.D.Educated people are determined to use part of the Federal fun
40、ds to help the poor.A new high-performance contact lens under development at the department for applied physics at the University of Heidelberg will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision as much as five times, making people“s vision sharper than that of cats.
41、Bille and his team work with an optical instrument called an active mirrora device used in astronomical telescopes to spot newly emerging stars and far distant galaxies. Connected to a wave-front sensor that tracks and measures the course of a laser beam into the eye and back, the aluminum mirror de
42、tects the deficiencies of the cornea, the transparent protective layer covering the lens of the human eye. The highly precise data from the two instrumentswhich, Bille hopes, will one day be found at the opticians all over the worldserve as a basis for the production of completely individualized con
43、tact lenses that correct and enhance the wearer“s vision. By day, Bille“s contact lenses will focus rays of light so accurately on the retina that the image of a small leaf or the outline of a far distant tree will be formed with a sharpness that surpasses that of conventional vision aids by almost
44、half a diopter. At night, the lenses have an even greater potential. “Because the new lensin contrast to the already existing ones also works when it“s dark and the pupil is wide open,“ says Bille, “lens wearers will be able to identify a face at a distance of 100 meters“ 80 meters farther than they
45、 would normally be able to see. In his experiments night vision was enhanced by an even greater factor: in semi darkness, test subjects could see up to 15 times better than without the lenses. Bille“s lenses are expected to reach the market in the year 2000, and one tentative plan is to use the Inte
46、rnet to transmit information on patients“ visual defects from the optician to the manufacturer, who will then produce and mail the contact lenses within a couple of days. The physicist expects the lenses to cost about a dollar a pair, about the same as conventional one-day disposable lenses.（分数：25.0
47、0）(1).The new contact lens is meant for _.（分数：5.00）A.astronomical observationsB.those with vision defectsC.the night blindD.optical experiments(2).What do the two instruments mentioned in the second paragraph (Line 5) refer to?（分数：5.00）A.The astronomical telescope and the wave-front sensor.B.The alu
48、minum mirror and the laser beam.C.The active mirror and the contact lens.D.The aluminum mirror and the wave-front sensor.(3).Individualized contact lenses (Line 6, Para.2) are lenses designed _.（分数：5.00）A.to work like an astronomical telescopeB.to suit the wearer“s specific needsC.to process extreme
49、ly accurate dataD.to test the wearer“s eyesight(4).According to Bille, with the new lenses the wearer“s vision _.（分数：5.00）A.will be far better at night than in the daytimeB.may be broadened about 15 times than without themC.can be better improved in the daytime than at nightD.will be sharper by a much greater degree at night than in the daytime(5).Which of the following is true about Bille“s lenses?（分数：5.00）A.Their production process is complicated.B.They will be sold at a very low price.C.They have to be replaced every day
