1、考研英语(一)-63 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Millennials were 1 to be the next golden ticket for retailers. A 70 million consumers 2 between the ages of 18 and 34, this was the first generation of Americans to grow up with cell phones and the Web. Marketers could 3 them
2、in numerous waystweets, Facebook pagesthat were 4 when their boomer parents started out. “ Marketers thought, “Here come the Millennials, we“re going to have an awesome time selling to them, “ says Max Lenderman, a director at ad agency Crispin Porter it makes them confident about their identity. Ch
3、ildren ought to be allowed to mature slowly and naturally. As adults we can choose to expand and change our gender identities. “ Last fall, nearly 200 teachers gathered in Stockholm to discuss how to avoid “traditional gender patterns“ in schools. The conference was part of a research project run by
4、 the National Agency for Education and supported by the Delegation for Equality in Schools. “I work with these issues in Finland and Norway and it is clear to me that they have been inspired by the Swedish preschool and school curricula , “ says Ms. Henkel, the gender expert. But Henkel also insists
5、 that gender equality is a rights issue that cannot simply be left to the state to handle. Instead, she says, it requires the active involvement of citizens. “Rights are not something we receive and then don“t have to fight for. This is about a redistribution of power, and for that initiative and ac
6、tion are needed, not just fancy legislation. “（分数：10.00）(1).The problem that bothers Swedes most nowadays is _.（分数：2.00）A.the controversy about gender pedagogy in schoolB.the attempt to experiment gender neutrality in schoolC.the slow progress of gender equality in schoolD.the stubbornly serious gen
7、der stereotype in school(2).Which of the following statements about Paragraph 1 is true?（分数：2.00）A.The credit for the narrow gender gap in Sweden goes to the success of gender pedagogyB.Gender pedagogy mainly focuses on avoiding the hidden discrimination against women in children“s learning material
8、C.Gender neutrality can be interpreted as an initiative to avoid teaching children in a gender stereotypical mannerD.Sweden has made great efforts to counter gender stereotypes in schools,(3).In paragraph 3, Elise Claeson mainly refutes the idea that _.（分数：2.00）A.school should incorporate the concep
9、t of gender neutrality into daily classesB.writers should use gender-neutral pronouns rather than gender denoting pronounsC.gender pedagogy and gender neutrality are supported by the wide public in SwedenD.only under the leadership of elites can the gender equality campaign achieve success(4).Accord
10、ing to Elise Claeson, gender identity _.（分数：2.00）A.is crucial for children“s developmentB.ties children to stereotypical expectationsC.may confuse children“s understanding about themselvesD.should be confirmed at early age and fixed throughout life(5).It seems that Ms. Henkel _ the gender equality s
11、ituation in Sweden.（分数：2.00）A.basically approves ofB.is strongly dissatisfied withC.is deeply concerned withD.is blindly optimistic about八、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Even if we could make it impossible for people to commit crimes, should we? Or would doing so improperly deprive people of their freedom? T
12、his may sound like a fanciful concern, but it is an increasingly real one. The new federal transportation bill, for example, authorized funding for a program that seeks to prevent the crime of drunken driving not by raising public consciousness or issuing stiffer punishments but by making the crime
13、practically impossible to commit. 1 1 The Dadss program is part of a trend toward what I call the “perfect prevention“ of crime: depriving people of the choice to commit an offense in the first place. The federal government“s Intelligent Transportation Systems program, which is creating technology t
14、o share data among vehicles and road infrastructure like traffic lights, could make it impossible for a driver to speed or run a red light. 2 2 Such technologies force us to reconcile two important interests. On one hand is society“s desire for safety and security. On the other hand is the individua
15、l“s right to act freely. Conventional crime prevention balances these interests by allowing individuals the freedom to commit crime, but punishing them if they do. The perfect prevention of crime asks us to consider exactly how far individual freedom extends. Does freedom include a “right“ to drive
16、drunk, for instance? It is hard to imagine that it does. 3 3 For most familiar crimes (murder, robbery, rape, arson), the law requires that the actor have some guilty state of mind, whether it is intent, recklessness or negligence. 4 4 In such cases, using technology to prevent the crime entirely wo
17、uld not unduly burden individual freedom ; it would simply be effective enforcement of the statute. Because there is no mental state required to be guilty of the offense, the government could require, for instance, that drug manufacturers apply a special tamper-proof coating to all pills, thus makin
18、g the sale of tainted drugs practically impossible, without intruding on the thoughts of any future seller. But because the government must not intrude on people“s thoughts, perfect prevention is a bad fit for most offenses. 5 5 Even if this could be known, perhaps with the help of some sort of neur
19、ological scan, collecting such knowledge would violate an individual“s freedom of thought. Perfect prevention is a politically attractive approach to crime prevention, and for strict liability crimes it is permissible and may be good policy if implemented properly. But for most offenses, the threat
20、to individual freedom is too great to justify this approach. This is not because people have a right to commit crimes; they do not. Rather, perfect prevention threatens our right to be free in our thoughts, even when those thoughts turn to crime. A But there is a category of crimes that are forbidde
21、n regardless of the actor“s state of mind: so-called strict-liability offenses. One example is the sale of tainted drugs. Another is drunken driving. B The Dadss program, despite its effectiveness in preventing drunk driving, is criticized as a violation of human rights because it monitors drivers“
22、behavior and controls individual“s free will. C And the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 has already criminalized the development of technologies that can be used to avoid copyright restrictions, making it effectively impossible for most people to illegally share certain copyrighted material
23、s, including video games. D If the actor doesn“t have the guilty state of mind, and he commits crime involuntarily, in this case, the actor will be convicted as innocent. E Perfect prevention of a crime like murder would require the ability to know what a person was thinking in order to determine wh
24、ether he possessed the relevant culpable mental state. F The program, the Driver Alcohol Detection System for Safety (Dadss), is developing in vehicle technology that automatically checks a driver“s blood-alcohol level and, if that level is above the legal limit, prevents the car from starting. G Bu
25、t what if the government were to add a drug to the water supply that suppressed antisocial urges and thereby reduced the murder rate? This would seem like an obvious violation of our freedom. We need a clear method of distinguishing such cases.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Part C(总题
26、数：1，分数：10.00)Annual check-ups and company “wellness programmes“ have become a familiar part of the corporate landscape. (46) Companies are now also starting to touch on a potentially troubling area: their employees mental health. Companies as diverse as BT, Rolls Royce and Grant Thornton have introd
27、uced mental health programmes ranging from training managers to spot problems to rehabilitating those suffering breakdowns. The Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health estimates that a sixth of the British workforce suffers from depression or stress. That mental ill health costs British employers almost
28、$ 26 billion a year and American research suggests that “presenteeism“ costs twice as much as absenteeism. Recently Grant Thornton sends its managers on a two day program put on by Positive Health Strategies, a London company. (47) Its program screens people for psychological well being, and offers
29、advice on “ optimizing performance“ and “ staying. positive under pressure“. Focusing on the upper ranks makes sense for companies. The stars not only represent huge profits. They are also most likely to live under stress while maintaining a stiff upper lip. But focusing on stars also makes sense fo
30、r the mental wellness movement itself: the best way to insert yourself into a company“s DNA is to seduce its leadership. (48) What should one make of the corporate world“s new found interest in promoting mental health? For sure, depression and anxiety can take a serious toll on productivity, and com
31、panies bear their share of the blame for promoting stress in the first place. And catching psychological problems early can prevent them from escalating. This all sounds promising. But there are nevertheless several troubling aspects. The first worry is that promoting psychological wellness crosses
32、an important line between the public and the private, raising awkward questions. Should companies pry into people“s emotional lives? Can they be trusted with the information they gather? And should psychologically frail workers put their faith in people who work primarily for their employers rather
33、than in their personal doctors? Workers rightly worry that companies will use psychological information in their annual appraisals. (49) And that bosses will see the trend as an excuse for extending their power over staffusing the veiled threat of somehow being classified as mentally impaired to mak
34、e them obey, and conform . A second worry is about the scientific foundations of the mental wellness movement. A phrase like “mental fitness“ is bound to attract chalants and salesmen. Warren Bennis of the University of Southern California has noted that the new “science“ of neuroleadership is “fill
35、ed with banalities“. Other people are less complimentary. The biggest problem with the movement lies in the assumption that promoting psychological wellness is as good as encouraging the physical sort. (50) Few would doubt that good physical health makes for good productivity; but it is not self-evi
36、dent that a positive mental attitude is good for a worker or his output: history shows that misfits have contributed far more to creativity than perky optimists. Besides, curmudgeonliness is arguably a rational way to cope with an imperfect world, rather than a sign of mental maladjustment. Companie
37、s that chase the elusive “positive attitudes“ may end up damaging themselves as well as sticking their noses where they have no business.（分数：10.00）_十、Section Writing(总题数：0，分数：0.00)十一、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)2.Directions : You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it
38、very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. He/She has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college and: 1) ask for a new room next term, 2) you would prefer a single room, 3)
39、explain your reasons. Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei“instead. Don“t write the address. （分数：10.00）_十二、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.Directions : Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the f
40、ollowing drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly. 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （分数：20.00）_考研英语(一)-63 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Millennials were 1 to be the ne
41、xt golden ticket for retailers. A 70 million consumers 2 between the ages of 18 and 34, this was the first generation of Americans to grow up with cell phones and the Web. Marketers could 3 them in numerous waystweets, Facebook pagesthat were 4 when their boomer parents started out. “ Marketers thou
42、ght, “Here come the Millennials, we“re going to have an awesome time selling to them, “ says Max Lenderman, a director at ad agency Crispin Porter it makes them confident about their identity. Children ought to be allowed to mature slowly and naturally. As adults we can choose to expand and change o
43、ur gender identities. “ Last fall, nearly 200 teachers gathered in Stockholm to discuss how to avoid “traditional gender patterns“ in schools. The conference was part of a research project run by the National Agency for Education and supported by the Delegation for Equality in Schools. “I work with
44、these issues in Finland and Norway and it is clear to me that they have been inspired by the Swedish preschool and school curricula , “ says Ms. Henkel, the gender expert. But Henkel also insists that gender equality is a rights issue that cannot simply be left to the state to handle. Instead, she s
45、ays, it requires the active involvement of citizens. “Rights are not something we receive and then don“t have to fight for. This is about a redistribution of power, and for that initiative and action are needed, not just fancy legislation. “（分数：10.00）(1).The problem that bothers Swedes most nowadays
46、 is _.（分数：2.00）A.the controversy about gender pedagogy in schoolB.the attempt to experiment gender neutrality in school C.the slow progress of gender equality in schoolD.the stubbornly serious gender stereotype in school解析：细节事实题 解析 文章第一段开门见山引出话题。瑞典国内现在对于性别平等问题最大的争议是关于性别教学法的问题(gender pedagogy)。所谓的性别教
47、学法指的是消除教材中隐藏的性别成见，避免因循守旧对男生和女生区别对待。而在性别教学法施行的过程中，最引起争议的问题莫过于这样一种观点，那就是 gender neutrality，要求学校不仅仅应该停留在不强化性别歧视的层面上，而且应该保持性别中立，孩子们可以自己按照自己的理解定义自己的性别。因为题干中问的是最近最困扰瑞典人的问题，故应该选择B，关于 gender neutrality在学校内部的施行。(2).Which of the following statements about Paragraph 1 is true?（分数：2.00）A.The credit for the narrow gender gap in Sweden goes to the success of gender pedagogyB.Gender pedagogy mainly focuses on avoiding the hidden discrim
