1、考研英语(一)-51 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What“s your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you heard thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom 1 events much earlier than the year or so before entering schoo
2、l, 2 children younger than three or four 3 retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been 4 by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia“. One argues that the hippo-campus, the region of the brain which is 5 for forming memories, does not mature until about the age of
3、 two. But the most popular theory 6 that, since adults don“t think like children, they cannot 7 childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or 8 one event follows 9 as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental 10 for early childhood memorie
4、s to add to this verbal life story, they don“t find any that fit the 11 It“s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simms of the New York State University offers a new 12 for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply aren“t any early childhood mem
5、ories to 13 . According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use someone else“s spoken description of their personal 14 in order to turn their own short-term, quickly forgotten 15 of them into long term memories. In other 16 , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk abo
6、ut 17 Mother talking about the afternoon 18 looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this 19 reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form 20 memories of their personal experiences.（分数：10.00）A.figureB.interpretC.recallD.affirmA.now thatB.even
7、 ifC.as thoughD.just asA.largelyB.rarelyC.merelyD.reallyA.refutedB.defiedC.proposedD.witnessedA.responsibleB.suitableC.favorableD.availableA.declinesB.assessesC.estimatesD.maintainsA.reflectB.attainC.accessD.acquireA.narrativesB.forecastsC.communicationsD.descriptionsA.the restB.anotherC.the otherD.
8、othersA.depositsB.dreamsC.flashesD.filesA.modelB.patternC.frameD.formulaA.emphasisB.assertionC.explanationD.assumptionA.recallB.rememberC.reflectD.respondA.instinctsB.feelingsC.sensationsD.experiencesA.impressionsB.beliefsC.mindsD.insightsA.sensesB.casesC.wordsD.aspectsA.himB.theirC.itD.themA.takenB
9、.utilizedC.appliedD.spentA.habitualB.verbalC.uniqueD.particularA.permanentB.mentalC.spiritualD.conscious二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the fact that children spend more time at h
10、ome than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate curricular objectives. Administrators have been aware of the need t
11、o keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics. Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permission of the supervisors, can also play an
12、 important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils“ progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home. To illustrate, suppose that a father has been drilling J
13、unior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying the food, using a yardstick or measuring
14、 cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis. If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progress in mathematics, and at the same tim
15、e, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers“ conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of children“s misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home. What is needed is a more creative approach in which the teacher, as
16、 a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents“ minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters“ capacities.（分数：10.00）(1).The central idea conveyed in th
17、e above text is that（分数：2.00）A.home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parentsB.teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the schoolC.there are many ways in which the mathematics program can be implemen
18、ted at homeD.parents have a responsibility to help students in doing homework(2).The author directly discusses the fact that（分数：2.00）A.parents drill their children too much in arithmeticB.principals have explained the new art programs to parentsC.a parent“s misguided efforts can be properly directed
19、D.a father can have his son help him construct articles at home(3).It can reasonably be inferred that the author（分数：2.00）A.is satisfied with present relationships between home and schoolB.feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly superior to the developmental programC.believes th
20、at schools are woefully lacking in guidance personnelD.feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present(4).We may infer that the writer of the article does not favor（分数：2.00）A.suggestions by the teacher to a parent in regard to improving the student“s
21、scholastic averageB.written communications to the parent from the teacherC.having the parent observe lessons which the children are being taughtD.principal-parent conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences(5).The author does not directly state, but implies that（分数：2.00）A.participation in int
22、eresting activities relating to a subject improves one“s achievement in that areaB.too many children are lazy and have poor work habitsC.school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parentsD.teachers should occasionally make home visits to parents五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数
23、：10.00)In 1575-over 400 years ago the French scholar Louis Le Roy published a learned book in which he voiced despair over the changes caused by the social and technological innovations of his time, what we now call the Renaissance. We, also, feel that our times are out of joint; we even have reason
24、 to believe that our descendants will be worse off than we are. The earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted. Pollution will ruin the environment, upset the climate and endanger human health. The gap in living standards between the rich and the poor will widen and lead the angry, h
25、ungry people of the world to acts of desperation including the use of nuclear weapons as blackmail. Such are the inevitable consequences of population and technological growth if present trends continue. The future is never a projection of the past. Animals probably have no chance to escape from the
26、 tyranny of biological evolution, but human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution. For us, trend is not destiny (fate). The escape from existing trends is now facilitated by the fact that societies anticipate future dangers and take preventive steps against expected changes. Despit
27、e the widespread belief that the world has become too complex for comprehension by the human brain, modern societies have often responded effectively to critical situations. The decrease in birth rates, the partial prohibition of pesticides and the rethinking of technologies for the production and u
28、se of energy are but a few examples illustrating a sudden reversal of trends caused not by political upsets or scientific breakthroughs, but by public awareness of consequences. Even more striking are the situations in which social attitudes concerning future difficulties undergo rapid changes befor
29、e the problems have come to pass - witness the heated arguments about the problems of behavior control and of genetic engineering even though there is as yet no proof that effective methods can be developed to manipulate behavior and genes on a population scale. One of the characteristics of our tim
30、es is thus the rapidity with which steps can be taken to change the orientation of certain trends and even to reverse them. Such changes usually emerge from grass root movements rather than from official directives.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, if present trends continue, whic
31、h one of the following situations will not occur?（分数：2.00）A.An overpopulated earth will be unable to sustain its inhabitantsB.The rich will become richer and the poor will become poorerC.New sources of energy will be substituted for oil and natural gasD.The effects of pollution will pose a dreadful
32、threat to mankind(2).The best illustration of the meaning of “trend is not destiny“ in paragraph 3 is that（分数：2.00）A.human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolutionB.the world has become too complex for human beings to modifyC.preventive steps against catastrophes are difficult to be a
33、doptedD.the earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted(3).According to the text, evidences of the insight of the public into the dangers which surround us can be found in all of the following EXCEPT（分数：2.00）A.a decline in birth ratesB.opposition to the use of pesticidesC.pressing for
34、 better power production and energy useD.a rapid increase in the funding of environment research(4).The author is in favor of the opinion that（分数：2.00）A.the reversal of trend caused by scientific advances is out of the questionB.nuclear weapons won“t play a prominent role in dealings among peoplesC.
35、the public is aware of the future dangers and ready to take immediate actionD.the trend of rapid development of science and technology seems irresistible(5).The logical organization of the text is that（分数：2.00）A.an assertion is made, followed by a few examples to illustrate itB.future dangers are st
36、ated and relative measures are to be adoptedC.a historical trend is stated and evidence is then provided to prove itD.examples of risks are given and reasons are then advanced to clarify them六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Within 80 years, some scientists estimate, the world must produce more than eight tim
37、es the present world food supply. The productiveness of the sea raises our hopes for an adequate food supply in the future. Aided by men of science, we have set forth to find out that 70 percent of the earth remains unexplored-the ocean depths. Thus, we may better discover and utilize the sea“s natu
38、ral products for the world“s hungry. It is fish protein concentrate that is sought from the seas. By utilizing the unharvested fish in United States waters alone, enough fish protein concentrate can be obtained to provide supplemental animal protein for more than one billion people for one year at t
39、he cost of less than half a cent per day per person. The malnutrition of children is terribly tragic. But the crime lies in society“s unrestrained breeding, not in its negligence in producing fish powder. But wherever the population projects are carefully considered, the answer to the problem is som
40、ething like this: There are few projects that could do more to raise the nutritional level of mankind than a full-scale scientific effort to develop the resources of the sea. Each year some thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea, which account for 12 percent of the world“s anima
41、l proteins. Nations with their swelling populations must push forward into the sea frontiers for food supplies. Private industry must step up its marine research and the federal government must make new attacks on the problems of marine research development. There is a tone of desperateness in all t
42、hese designs on the sea. But what is most startling is the assumption that the seas are an untouched resource. The fact is that the seas have been, and are being, hurt directly and indirectly, by the same forces that have abused the land. In the broad pattern of ecological relationships the seas are
43、 not separable from what happens on the land. The poisons that pollute the soil and the air bring in massive doses into the “continental shelf“ waters. The dirt and pollution that spills from our urban sewers and industrial out falls despoil our bays and coastal waters. All the border seas are alrea
44、dy heavily polluted by the same exploitation drives that have undermined the quality of life on land.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, which of the following statements is true?（分数：2.00）A.Though the situation is not urgent, we should press forward with our marine researchB.Nations throughout the
45、world must be provided with fish, fresh or frozen, for needed proteinC.There are enough fish in the UD.The oceans are the major source of the world“s protein supply(2).The author“s primary concern is that（分数：2.00）A.the oceans will help to provide enough food for the world in the futureB.thirty milli
46、on tons of food products are taken from the sea every yearC.city sewers are pouring forth polluted matter into bays and coastal watersD.a steady increase in population will result in more hungry mouths to feed(3).The author of the text is most probably of the opinion that（分数：2.00）A.the sea is an ine
47、xhaustible resource of food supplyB.the shortage o food supply mainly results from unrestricted population growthC.the inadequate food supply is chiefly caused by the negligence in exploration of the seaD.it is the population projects, rather than the development of sea resources, that can improve t
48、he nutritional conditions of mankind(4).From the last paragraph we learn that（分数：2.00）A.the seas we will depend on for future food have been more or less contaminatedB.the marine resources are directly bound up with our future lifeC.the exploitation drives are essential for us to improve the quality
49、 of life on the earthD.the ecological balance in the seas has nothing to do with that on the land(5).The most appropriate title for this text is（分数：2.00）A.The Role of Science in Fighting HungerB.Scientific Efforts to Develop Sea ResourcesC.The Importance of Fish Protein in Our DietsD.The Sea and Our Future Food Supply七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Most economists in the United States seem excited by the spell of the free market. Consequently, nothing seems good or normal that does not accord with the requirements of the free market. A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matt
