1、考研英语(一)-22 (1)及答案解析(总分：97.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A controversial decision on whether choice cuts of steak and cartons of milk produced from cloned animals are suitable for the dinner table is now long overdue.Hundreds of pigs, cows and other animals created with the help o
2、f cloning are living (1) farms across the United States and (2) the forthcoming ruling will directly (3) American consumers, British holidaymakers may also (4) themselves at the forefront of a food revolution that many commentators expect will (5) arrive here.(6) the birth of Dolly the sheep-the fir
3、st mammal cloned from an adult cell-there were extreme predictions of herds of genetically (7) bulls and pastures (8) with cloned dairy cows.That double (9) of the past decade has not yet been realized (10) clones have become a familiar sight at agricultural fairs in America, where producers of (11)
4、 pigs and cattle have been among the first to (12) cloning, which offers a way to keep (13) traits without inbreeding problems caused by traditional methods. Clones of rare and elite animals, including sheep, goats, and rabbits, (14) a way to improve animal healthy, (15) the nutritional value of mea
5、t and milk, and breed animals immune (16) diseases or better suited for developing countries.The safety of cloned (17) has been under examination by various bodies. Three years ago the US National Academy of Science concluded that (18) available data indicated that cloning met animal welfare and foo
6、d safety considerations, more information was needed. (19) scientific evidence suggests that there is little (20) for alarm, at least on food-safety grounds.（分数：20.00）(1).A. at B. within C. on D. in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. since B. although C. as D. therefore（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. touch B. move C. i
7、mpress D. affect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. find B. think C. take D. pat（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. eventually B. accidentally C. occasionally D. promptly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. In advance of B. At a time C. In the wake of D. For reasons of（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. identical B. alike C. duplicate D. similar（分
8、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. covered B. marked C. dotted D. scattered（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. wisdom B. foresight C. illusion D. vision（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. until B. unless C. then D. but（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. original B. primitive C. prime D. primary（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. embrace B. surround C. encl
9、ose D. adopt（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. numerous B. extreme C. desirable D. reconstructive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. propose B. offer C. exhibit D. present（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. as to B. instead of C. except for D. along with（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. to B. for C. at D. towards（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. pr
10、oduct B. production C. produce D. productivity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. as B. when C. while D. if（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. Gaining B. Mounting C. Ascending D. succeeding（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. reason B. occasion C. account D. cause（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：
11、0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Until recently, the main villains of the piece had seemed to be the teachers unions, who have opposed any sort of reform or accountability. Now they face competition from an unexpectedly destructive force: the court. Fifty years ago, it was the judges who forced the scho
12、ols to desegregate through Brown v. Board of Education (1954). Now the courts have moved from broad principles to micromanagement, telling schools how much money to spend and where - right down to the correct computer or textbook.Twenty four states are currently Stuck in various court cases to do wi
13、th financing school systems, and another 21 have only recently settled various suits. Most will start again soon. Only five states have avoided litigation entirely.Nothing exemplifies the power of the courts better than an 11-year-old case that is due to be settled (sort of) in New York City, the ho
14、me of Americas biggest school system with 1. lm students and a budget nearing $13 billion. At the end of this month, three elderly members of the New York bar serving as judicial referees are due to rule in a case brought By the Campaign for Fiscal Equity, a leftish advocacy group, against the state
15、 of New York: they will decide how much more must Be spent to provide every New York City pupil with a “sound basic“ education.Rare is the politician willing to argue that more money for schools is a bad thing. But are the courts doing any good? Two suspicions arise. First, judges are making a lazy
16、assumption that more money means better schools. As the international results show, the link between “inputs“ and “outputs“ is vague-something well documented by, among others, the late Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan of New York. Second, the courts are muddling an already muddled system. Over time,
17、 they have generally made it harder to get rid of disruptive pupils and bad teachers.The current case could be even worse. The courts have already said that, in order to determine the necessary spending, they may consider everything from class size to the availability of computers, textbooks and eve
18、n pencils. This degree of intervention is all the more scandalous because the courts have weirdly decided to ignore another set of “inputs“-the archaic work practices of school teachers and janitors. David Schoenbrod and Ross Sandier of New York Law School reckon the demands of the court will simply
19、 undermine reform and transform an expensive failure into a more expensive one.And of course, the litigation never ends. Kentucky, for example, is still in court 16 years after the first decision. A lawsuit first filed against New Jersey for its funding of schools in 1981 was “decided“ four years la
20、ter-but it has returned to the court nine times since, including early this year, with each decision pushing the court deeper into the management of the states schools. Bad iudges are even harder to boot out of school than bad pupils.（分数：10.00）(1).The author seems to believe that _.A. the courts int
21、ervention of the school micromanagement is undesirableB. it is inappropriate for the courts to shift from 15rinciples to daily managementC. teachers used to support the school reform and assume the responsibilityD. schools were usually at a loss how and where to spend their money（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2)
22、.The third paragraph is intended mainly to _.A. reveal the problems in the American school systemB. show the importance of the case against New York stateC. exemplify the value of a “sound basic“ educationD. indicate the courts power over the school management（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Senator D. P. Moyni
23、han would probably agree that _.A. more money for schools will damage the further advancementB. better schools will not necessarily result from more moneyC. the relationship between input and output is widely ignoredD. politicians argue against more money for the schools（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).“Inputs“
24、 as used in the text refer to all of the following Except _.A. money budget for the school B. teaching practices of teachersC. computers and textbooks D. performance of school janitors（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the lawsuit filed against New Jersey indicate?A. Such lawsuits usually stay undecided
25、 for an extremely long time.B. Bad judges intend to render the school management a total chaos.C. The courts get more involved into school routine as the lawsuits last.D. The lawsuits are always deeply combined with the funding of schools.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：6.00)One of the odd things
26、 about some business organizations is that they spend so much money to lure new customers and spend so little to keep them after theyve been landed. It just doesnt make sense. Taking customers for granted is routine in some larger organizations, where mere bigness generates an attitude of indifferen
27、ce.Loyal customers are an organizations only protection against bankruptcy, and losing them because of neglect or indifference is downright sinful. Not only do satisfied customers continue to fatten the till, they often encourage others to buy. This is advertising that doesnt cost a penny. And altho
28、ugh there are always problems in giving good service to customers, maintaining their patronage (光顾) isnt all that difficult. Its a matter of attitude, of believing that everyone who buys from you is entitled to the best treatment you can deliver. Plus giving just a little morethan you have to.We sai
29、d there are always problems in giving good service to customers. The reason, of course, is that no organization is perfect, and theres many a slip: unreasonable delays in filling orders, shipping the wrong merchandise, failing to answer letters promptly, and so on.Sometimes these errors or failures
30、cant be helped. For example, if you cant get parts because of material shortages or a transportation strike, customers may be denied the goods theyveordered. And not infrequently the customer is to blame-for example, failing to clearly identify the article or servjce required.Yet no matter who is at
31、 fault, customers whom you value highly should generally be given the benefit of the doubt. Note that we said “customers whom you value highly.“ The old saying (格言) goes that all customers should be treated alike is a myth. Customers who repeatedly place large orders and pay for them will naturally,
32、 get more attention than those who buy infrequently and have to be badgered to pay what they owe. However, you have to make the assumption that all customers are good unless proved otherwise.（分数：6.00）(1).The main idea of the passage is best expressed by which of the following? _A. Business organizat
33、ions should not spend so much money to attract new customersB. Maintaining customers patronage is the most important to business organizationsC. Customers are kingsD. Organizations should pay more attention to the benefit of their customers（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following conclusions can
34、be drawn from the second paragraph? _A. Customers should always be well servicedB. Without loyal customers an organization might go bankruptC. Companies can employ custofners to advertise their productsD. It is difficult for large organizations to provide their customers with good service（分数：1.20）A.
35、B.C.D.(3).The author might probably disagree with which of the following statements?_A. Some errors and failures are unavoidableB. Both an organization and their customer are responsible for certain errorC. An attitude of indifference towards their customers might result in a heavy loss of profitD.
36、Only regular customers deserve good treatment（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).What does the author imply in the sentence“The old saw that all customers should be treatedalike is a myth”?_A. Its not real that customers should be treated equalB. Its not true that all customers are treated equalC. Customers receiv
37、ed equal treatment in the pastD. Its an old story that customers were treated equal（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “identify” in the fourth paragraph is the same as _A. notice B. distinguish C. describe D. recognize（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Everyone has heard of the San Andreas fault, wh
38、ich constantly threatens California and the West Coast with earth- quakes. But how many people know about the equally serious New Madrid fault in Missouri.?Between December of 1811 and February of 1812, three major earthquakes occurred, all centered around the town of New Madrid, Missouri, on the Mi
39、ssissippi River. Property damage was severe.Buildings in the area were almost dest oyed. Whole forests fell at once, and huge cracks opened in the ground, allowing smell of sulfur to filter upward.The Mississippi River itself completely changed character, developing sudden rapids and whirlpools. Sev
40、eral times it changed its course, and once, according to some observers, it actually appeared to run backwards. Few people were killed in the New Madrid earthquakes, probably simply because few people lived in the area in 1811; but the severity of the earth- quakes are shown by the fact that the sho
41、ck waves rang bells in church towers in Charleston, South Carolina, on the coast. Buildings shook in New York City, and clocks were stopped in Washington D.C. Scientists now know that Americas two major faults are essentially different. The San Andreas is a horizontal boundary between two major land
42、 masses that are slowly moving in opposite directions. California earthquakes result when the movement of these two masses suddenly lurches forward.The New Madrid fault, on the other hand, is a vertical fault; at some point, possibly hundreds of millions of years ago, rock was pushed up toward the s
43、urface, probably by volcanoes under the surface. Suddenly, the volcanoes cooled and the rock collapsed, leaving huge cracks. Even now, the rock continues to settle downwards, and sudden sinking motions trigger earthquakes in the region. The fault itself, a large crack in this layer of rock, with doz
44、ens of other cracks that split off from it, extends from northeast Arkansas through Missouri and into southern Illinois.Scientists who have studied the New Madrid fault say there have been numerous smaller quakes in the area since 1811; these smaller quakes indicate that larger ones are probably com
45、ing, but rite scientists say they have no method of predicting when a large earthquake will occur.（分数：6.00）(1).This passage is mainly about _.A. the New Madrid fault in MissouriB. the San Andreas and the New Madrid faultsC. the causes of faultsD. current scientific knowledge about faults（分数：1.20）A.B
46、.C.D.(2).The New Madrid fault is_.A. a horizontal faultB. a vertical faultC. a more serious fault than the San Andreas faultD. responsible for forming the Mississippi River（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(3).We may conclude from the passage that _.A. it is probably as dangerous to live in Missouri as in California
47、B. the New Madrid fault will eventually develop a mountain range in MissouriC. California will become an island in futureD. a big earthquake will occur to California soon（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(4).This passage implies that _.A. horizontal faults are more dangerous than vertical faultsB. vertical faults ar
48、e more dangerous than horizontal faultsC. earthquakes may occur around fault areasD. California will break into pieces by an eventual earthquake（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.(5).As used in the fifth sentence of the fourth paragraph, the word “essentially“ means _.A. greatly B. extremelyC. basically D. necessaril
49、y（分数：1.20）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)With U.S. companies sitting on an estimated $1.8 trillion in cash, it raises the question: Why arent they deploying more of their hoard to expand their businesses? Or one might channel John Maynard Keynes to ask: Where have the “animal spirits“ gone? Although capital spending in the U.S. is up 12 percent since the lows of early 2009, its still running $88 billion below the peak of $1.34 trillion reached in the first quarter of 2008, says Joseph LaVo
