1、考博英语-668 及答案解析(总分：141.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：26.00)1.Americans are highly _, and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others.A. moving B. mobile C. movable D. motional（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.2.Despite his _ as a trouble-maker, he was promoted to department mange
2、r.A) repetition B) repression C) reputation D) representation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.3.The Untied States and Canada are lands of _ except for the Indians, who are the only tree natives.A. emigrants B. immigrants C. dwellers D. inhabitants（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.4.Although Darwinism was a profoundly _ world view,
3、it was essentially passive, since it prescribed no steps to be taken, no victories over nature to be celebrated, no program of triumphs to be successively gained.A. limited B. debatable C. innovative D. paradoxical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.5.Banking and financial systems are full of _and corruption hinder th
4、e regions successes.A. bribery B. management C. administration D. mismanagement（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.6.My landlady is always trying to meddle in everything we do.A. interfere B. intrude C. order D. encase（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.7.For ten years the problem about the water has not been solved, we came to think th
5、at it has been a _ problem in this area.A. perpetual B. persuasiveC. picturesque D. possessive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.8.I_ of his course of action, so I told him to go ahead.A. agreed B. consented C. accepted D. approved（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.9.Her father flew into a _ when he learned that she wanted to get marr
6、ied before she graduated from the university.A feeling B emotion C sensation D passion（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.10.The United States court system is characterized by _ hierarchies: there are both state and federal courts.A. double B. complex C. simple D. dual（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.11.You might as well give in, bec
7、ause your position is _.A. infallible B. intangible C. untenable D. immoral（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.12.Mr. White brought a countercharge against you because you had_ him for smuggling several pieces of antiques and cultural relics.A. charged B. indicted C. accused D. prosecuted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.13.With a wav
8、e of his hand, the magician made the duck _A. scatter B. vanish C. abandon D. fly away（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.14.The problem has been _ my mind all day.A. preying on B. getting at C. taking on D. seeing to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.15.He lookeda (little bit) nervous, (that) could be seen from his (facial expression)
9、.A. little B. bit C. that D. facial expression（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.16.The detective watched and saw the suspect _ a hotel at the corner of the street.A. getting off the taxi and walking intoB. got off the taxi and walked intoC. get off the taxi and walk intoD. got off the taxi to walk into（分数：1.00）A.B.C
10、.D.17.In his opinion, the objection to barbarity does not mean that capital punishment should not go on.A. adversity B. savageryC. habitat D. integrity（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.18.You must try your best to _ to the new environment.A. adopt B. adapt C. adjust D. affect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.19.The microscope can _
11、the object 100 times.A magnify B increase C develop D multiply（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.20.She claims to be very learned in biochemistry, but in fact _ she knows about it is all sadly out of date.A. so little B. that much C. what little D. how much（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.21.And the topic “fat“ is forbidden. Even th
12、e slightest paunch betrays that one is losing the trim and _ of youth.A. vague B. vigor C. vogue D. vulgar（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.22.I was told that the woman was indifferent _ hardships and dangers.A. of B. at C. with D. to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.23.Communication orally involves more than reading or talking, ges
13、ture, posture, movements may all be_to it.A. intrinsic B. coherent C. appealing D. submissive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.24.Recent surveys show a majority of Europeans polled have a mostly unfavorable view of the United States and that _ for Bush and Americans in general are at all-time highs.A. disgust B. dis
14、guise C. disdain D. dismay（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.25.1 tried very hard to persuade her to join our study group but I met with flat_.A. decline B. rejection C. refusal D. refutation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.26.The appeal for funds did not _ much of a response.A. drag B. elicit C. tempt D. attract（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.27.
15、In no _ should you do this, without help and advice from your doctorrestricting the diet of small children can be very dangerous.A. perspectives B. restrictions C. circumstances D. consequences（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.28.In almost all chemical-process plants, heat is _ by burning of fossil fuelscoal, oil, o
16、r natural gas.A. transformed B. conducted C. transferred D. generated（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.29.Colour-blind people often find it difficult to _ between blue and green.A. separate B. compare C. distinguish D. contrast（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.30.Nepal is a country in central Asia that is landlocked and_ by the Hima
17、layas.A. secluded B. bordered C. integrated D. opened（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Passage One(总题数：2，分数：14.00)Sound moves from its source to the ear by wave like fluctuations in air pressure, something like the peaks and troughs or the lowest point of ocean waves. One way to
18、keep from hearing sound is to use ear plugs. Another way is to cancel out the sound with anti-sound.Using a noise maker controlled by a microprocessor, engineers have produced sound waves that are half a wavelength out of phase with those of the noise to be quieted-each peak is matched to a trough,
19、and vice versa. Once the researchers have recorded the offending sound, a microprocessor calculates the amplitude and wavelength of sound that will cancel out the highest and lowest points of the noise. It then produces an electric current that is amplified and fed to a loudspeaker, which produces a
20、nti-sound and wipes out the noise. If the anti-sound goes out of synchronization, a microphone picks up the leftover sound and sends it back to the microprocessor, which changes the phase of the anti-sound just enough to cause complete silence.The research team has concentrated on eliminating low-fr
21、equency noise from ship engines, which causes fatigue that can impair the efficiency and alertness of the crew, and may mask the warning sounds of alarm and fog signals.（分数：4.00）(1).The passage compares sound to _.A. the rising and falling of water in the oceanB. the crests and valleys of mountain r
22、angesC. a flag waving in the airD. a machine for measuring air pressure（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The passage discusses a way to deal with an offensive noise by _.A. diverting peoples attention from itB. masking it with a louder noiseC. canceling it out electronicallyD. removing its source（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D
23、.(3).The microprocessor described in the passage will probably be used for _.A. composing musicB. repairing alarm systemsC. eliminating engine noisesD. intensifying fog warning sounds（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A paragraph following the passage would most probably discuss _.A. the nature of fogB. a way to
24、improve alarm systemsC. other causes of fatigueD. other uses of the microprocessor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Writers learn as apprentices do except that they have no master to work for except themselves and the market.The fact is that writing is an empirical art, which can only be learned by doing it. This fa
25、ct is no reflection on the art of writing. Because skill is acquired in a seemingly haphazard way it is none the worse, indeed sometimes the better, for it. As in every art you must have at least the foundation of a gift, without which it is useless to proceed; but if the foundation exists, then suc
26、cessnot merely economic is largely a matter of persistence and of making the most of opportunities. Experience is a hard school. Wastage among aspiring writers is high and most survivors have to rely on another job. The pros and cons of that situation are debatable. Working out in the world is not s
27、olely a form of insurance; it can also be a vital source of material and incentive, particularly for the fiction writer. Many well-known authors labored away at other jobs for part or all of their lives, and either profited there from or made their names notwithstanding.Economic security frees the m
28、ind from worry, but a routine job also consumes mental energy which might otherwise be harnessed to creative output. This applies as much to freelance journalism and other ancillary activities of authorship as to nonliterary employment. A regular stint of reviewing, reading manuscripts for publisher
29、s, broadcasting, lecturing, and the like, may oil the machinery of the mind, but it may also use up horsepower to the point of exhaustion. Moreover, continuity of creation is often vitalwhether for the construction of a work of fiction or for historical research or, indeed, for any idea that has to
30、be digested into literary form. Interruptions nowadays, however, are a professional hazard that all authors have to contend with, but they are not insuperable and not the worst threat to a living literature.（分数：10.00）(1).In the authors opinion, it is impossible to become a successful writer without
31、_.A. some talentB. early publicationC. another source of incomeD. consideration for the reader（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How does the author regard a writers second job?A. usually harmful to ones writingB. essential in most casesC. too time-consumingD. helpful in researching facts（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How
32、might a second job damage a writer?A. by restricting his imaginationB. by using up his mental strengthC. by destroying his talentD. by removing the need to write（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).How do modern writers differ from those of the past?A. They have less mental energy.B. They need to rely on another jo
33、b.C. They cannot expect to work without interruption.D. They learn their art more thoroughly.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the author, how is the skill of writing acquired?A. by methodical practiceB. by studying the marketC. by following another writers exampleD. by producing ones own work（分数：2.
34、00）A.B.C.D.四、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers using nonscientific modes of thought. Many features
35、and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cant be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and fi
36、lled in the details, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologists mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engin
37、e, a technologist might impress individual ways of non-verbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should be the valves placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a r
38、ange of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions, such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.De
39、sign courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed, to entail “hard thinking“, nonverbal th
40、ought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial proc
41、esses for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background requir
42、ed for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to en- counter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow
43、 into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.（分数：10.00）(1).In the passage, the author is primarily concerne
44、d with _.A. identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technologistsB. stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering designC. proposing a new role for nonscientific thinking in the development of technologyD. criticizing engineering schools for emphasizing science in engineer
45、ing curricula（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula are _.A. strengthened when they include courses in designB. strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasized by most of the coursesC. strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have
46、 made in the development of automatic control, systemsD. strong despite the absence of nonscientific modes of thinking（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The main point of the first two paragraphs can best be illustrated as _.A. when a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it is the technologist who is best e
47、quipped to repair itB. a telephone is a complex instrument designed by technologists using only nonverbal thoughtC. the designer of a new refrigerator should consider the designs of other refrigerators before deciding on its formD. the distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designer
48、s conceptualization as wetl as the physical requirements of its site（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The example of the early models of high-speed railroad cars is used to _.A. weaken the point that math is a necessary part of the study of designB. support the idea that errors in modern engineering systems are
49、likely to increaseC. illustrate the topic that courses in design are the most effective cost-reducing meansD. exemplify the thesis that inadequate attention to nonscientific design may result in poor design（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author seems to be in agreement with which of the following?A. Mathematical thinking is essential to any design course.B. Non-verbal thinking has its adv
