1、管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编 5及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs“s board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without att
2、racting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman“s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was taking up too much time, she s
3、aid. Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm“s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive“s proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outs
4、ide directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one pr
5、oxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise“ departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action
6、 lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often
7、they “trade up,“ leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms. But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at th
8、e time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough time may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized fo
9、r_.（分数：2.00）A.gaining excessive profitsB.failing to fulfill her dutyC.refusing to make compromisesD.leaving the board in tough times(2).We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_.（分数：2.00）A.generous investorsB.unbiased executivesC.share price forecastersD.independent advise
10、rs(3).According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director“s surprise departure, the firm is likely to_.（分数：2.00）A.become more stableB.report increased earningsC.do less well in the stock marketD.perform worse in lawsuits.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ou
11、tside directors_.（分数：2.00）A.may stay for the attractive offers from the firmB.have often had the records of wrongdoings in the firmC.are accustomed to stress-free work in the firmD.will decline incentives from the firm(5).The author“s attitude toward the role of outside directors is_.（分数：2.00）A.perm
12、issiveB.positiveC.scornfulD.criticalWhatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. Ame
13、rica“s Federal trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. Germa
14、n and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same. It has not been
15、 much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 12,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate
16、measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are becoming more balanced business, which a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their
17、revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference. A “southern“ camp headed by France wants something different: “European economic government“ within an inner core of eur
18、o-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured,
19、euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g. curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs. It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world“s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single ma
20、rket of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capital benign.（分数：10.00）(1).The EU is faced with so many problems that_.（分数：2.0
21、0）A.it has more or less lost faith in marketsB.even its supporters begin to feel concernedC.some of its member countries plan to abandon euroD.it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation(2).The debate over the EU“s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers_.（分数：2.00）A.are competing
22、for the leading positionB.are busy handling their won crisisC.fail to reach an agreement on harmonizationD.disagree on the steps towards disintegration(3).To solve the euro problem, Germany proposed that_.（分数：2.00）A.EU funds for poor regions be increasedB.stricter regulations be imposedC.only core m
23、embers be involved in economic co-ordinationD.voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed.(4).The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that_.（分数：2.00）A.poor countries are more likely to get fundsB.strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countriesC.loans will be readily available t
24、o rich countriesD.rich countries will basically control Eurobonds(5).Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel_.（分数：2.00）A.pessimisticB.desperateC.conceitedD.hopefulThe longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst
25、, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby“s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than 70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, f
26、iled for bankruptcy. The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firmdouble the figure five years earlier. Since then it may h
27、ave come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. In the weeks and months that followed Mr. Hirst“s sale, spending of any sort became dee
28、ply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector for Chinese contemporary artthey were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world“s two bigg
29、est auction houses, Sotheby“s and Christie“s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them. The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices ar
30、e about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie“s chief executive, says: “I“m pretty confident we“re at the bottom.“ What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone w
31、ho was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Dsdeath, debt and divorce still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence t
32、o return.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst“s sale was referred to as “a last victory“ because_.（分数：2.00）A.the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces
33、D.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis(2).By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable“(Para.3), the author suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB.people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away fr
34、om galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD.works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B.The art market su
35、rpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.(4).The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are_.（分数：2.00）A.auction houses“favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulation
36、D.styles representing impressionists(5).The most appropriate title for this text could be_.（分数：2.00）A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in Arts管理类专业学位联考英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编 5答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)Ruth Simm
37、ons joined Goldman Sachs“s board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman“
38、s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was taking up too much time, she said. Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm“s board
39、. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive“s proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The research
40、ers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers
41、concentrated on those “surprise“ departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger fo
42、r larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up,“ leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms. But the researcher
43、s believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough time ma
44、y have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for_.（分数：2.00）A.gaining excessive profitsB.failing to fulfill her duty C.refusing to make compromisesD
45、.leaving the board in tough times解析：解析：本题信息点是 MsSimmons was criticized(Simmons 受到批评)，该信息出现在第一段第三句话Simmons was under fire中，其中 under fire意为“受到攻击”，即“受到批评”之意。根据原因题的解题技巧，我们先看到本句中 for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee(在高盛薪酬委员会担任职务)是一个事实陈述；同时，分号“；”表明该句与下句为并列关系，从而我们知道下句 how could she have let th
46、ose enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked(她怎么能让那些巨额奖金支出得以通过而没有引起注意呢?)是她受到批评的原因。由此可见她作为薪酬委员会的成员未能阻止巨额奖金的发放，即：未能很好地履行其职责。所以选项 B为本题答案。(2).We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_.（分数：2.00）A.generous investorsB.unbiased executivesC.share price forecastersD.independent advise
47、rs 解析：解析：本题信息点是 outside directors are supposed to be(独立董事应该)，在文章查找该信息点时我们会很容易注意到该信息点 m现在第二段第一句话中：Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful，yet less biased，advisers on a firms board可以看出 outside director 的身份是有帮助的、不带偏见的顾问。由此我们可以确定选项 D符合本句语意，为本题答案。另外，如果本句理解有困难，我们再看下旬：Having made their wealth an
48、d their reputations elsewhere，they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals(已经，他们有足够的独立性否决首席执行官的动议)，由此可以确认 outside directors的职责就是顾问。(3).According to the researchers from Ohio University, after an outside director“s surprise departure, the firm is likely to_
49、.（分数：2.00）A.become more stableB.report increased earningsC.do less well in the stock market D.perform worse in lawsuits.解析：解析：本题信息点是 atter an outside directors surprise departure，the firm is likely to，在文章中查阅该信息，我们找到该信息点出现在文章第三段第三句：so the researchers concentrated on those“surprise”departure，the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increases by nearly 20The likelihood of being named in a federal classaction lawsuit also increases，and the stock is likely
