1、北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位 MTI考试真题 2012年及答案解析(总分:135.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、第一部分:将下列术语翻译成中文(总题数:15,分数:15.00)1.abstract translation (分数:1.00)_2.adequacy (分数:1.00)_3.agent (分数:1.00)_4.appeal-focused texts (分数:1.00)_5.multi-media texts (分数:1.00)_6.naturalness (分数:1.00)_7.loan translation (分数:1.00)_8.coherence (分数:1.00)
2、_mission (分数:1.00)_10.consecutive interpreting (分数:1.00)_11.domesticating translation (分数:1.00)_12.pre-editing (分数:1.00)_13.explicitation (分数:1.00)_14.poly-system theory (分数:1.00)_15.under-translation (分数:1.00)_二、第二部分:将下列术语翻译成英文(总题数:15,分数:15.00)16.借用 (分数:1.00)_17.可比语料库 (分数:1.00)_18.文化置换 (分数:1.00)_19
3、.自然语言 (分数:1.00)_20.语法分析 (分数:1.00)_21.中间语言 (分数:1.00)_22.隐形 (分数:1.00)_23.显型翻译 (分数:1.00)_24.术语库 (分数:1.00)_25.视译 (分数:1.00)_26.配字幕 (分数:1.00)_27.文本类型学 (分数:1.00)_28.可接受性 (分数:1.00)_29.冗余 (分数:1.00)_30.赞助 (分数:1.00)_三、第三部分:英译汉(总题数:0,分数:0.00)四、Text 1(总题数:1,分数:30.00)31.The stages of a writer“s professional life
4、are marked not by a name on an office door, but by a name in ink. There was the morning when my father came home carrying a stack of Sunday papers because my byline was on page one, and the evening that I persuaded a security guard to hand over all early edition, still warm from the presses, with my
5、 first column. But there“s nothing to compare to the day when someone hands over a hardcover book with your name on the cover. I“m just not sure the moment would have had the same grandeur had my work been downloaded instead into an e-reader. Reading is not simply an intellectual pursuit but an emot
6、ional and spiritual one. That“s why it survives. There are still millions of people who like the paper version, at least for now. And if that changeswell, what is a book, really? Is it its body, or its soul? (分数:30.00)_五、Text 2(总题数:1,分数:30.00)32.Laughlin acknowledges that “a lot of responsible peopl
7、e“ are worried about atmospheric concentra- tions of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. This has, he says, “the potential“ to modify the weather by raising average temperatures several degrees centigrade and that governments have taken “significant, although ineffective“ steps to slow the war
8、ming. “On the scales of time relevant to itseff, the earth doesn“t care about any of these governments or their legislation. “ Someday, all the fossil fuels that used to be in the ground will be burned. After that, in about a millennium, the earth will dissolve most of the resulting carbon dioxide i
9、nto the oceans. The dissolving will leave the concentration in the atmosphere only slightly higher than today“s. Then “over tens of millennia, or perhaps hundreds“ the earth will transfer the excess carbon dioxide into its rocks, “eventually returning levels in the sea and air to what they were befo
10、re humans arrived on the scene“. This will take an eternity as humans reckon, but a blink in geologic time. (分数:30.00)_六、第四部分:汉译英(总题数:0,分数:0.00)七、Text 1(总题数:1,分数:15.00)33.在这个社交网站盛行的时代,按理说我们每人都应该有数百位朋友。但研究表明,我们中的大多数人事实上只有两个亲密的朋友,而 25年前人均好友数量为三个。 研究人员认为并不需要为此担心。他们指出,尽管我们当中有一部分人可能会变得“更脆弱”,但很多人只是更善于判定谁才
11、是自己能够信任的知己密友罢了。 (分数:15.00)_八、Text 2(总题数:1,分数:30.00)34.国际空间站的设计初衷是作为一个向其他星球发送航天器的平台。不过,这一使命后来转变成了一个绕地球运行的实验室,对人类和其他生物体在太空环境下的表现进行试验,希望借此对基本生命功能有更多的了解、发现新的医疗方法。在很多试验中,需要有人类进行或参与。 (分数:30.00)_北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位 MTI考试真题 2012年答案解析(总分:135.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、第一部分:将下列术语翻译成中文(总题数:15,分数:15.00)1.abstract translation
12、 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:摘要翻译2.adequacy (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:充分性3.agent (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:经纪人4.appeal-focused texts (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:呼吁性文本5.multi-media texts (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:多媒体文本6.naturalness (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:自然性7.loan translation (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:借译8.coherence (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:连贯性miss
13、ion (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:委托10.consecutive interpreting (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:交替传译11.domesticating translation (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:归化翻译12.pre-editing (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:译前编辑13.explicitation (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:明晰化14.poly-system theory (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:多元系统论15.under-translation (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:欠额
14、翻译二、第二部分:将下列术语翻译成英文(总题数:15,分数:15.00)16.借用 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:loan17.可比语料库 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:comparable corpora18.文化置换 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:cultural transposition19.自然语言 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:natural language20.语法分析 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:syntactic analysis21.中间语言 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:intermediate langua
15、ge22.隐形 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:invisibility23.显型翻译 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:phenotype translation24.术语库 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:term bank25.视译 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:sight translation26.配字幕 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:subtitling27.文本类型学 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:text typology28.可接受性 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:acceptability29.冗余 (分数:1.
16、00)_正确答案:()解析:redundance30.赞助 (分数:1.00)_正确答案:()解析:patronage三、第三部分:英译汉(总题数:0,分数:0.00)四、Text 1(总题数:1,分数:30.00)31.The stages of a writer“s professional life are marked not by a name on an office door, but by a name in ink. There was the morning when my father came home carrying a stack of Sunday papers
17、 because my byline was on page one, and the evening that I persuaded a security guard to hand over all early edition, still warm from the presses, with my first column. But there“s nothing to compare to the day when someone hands over a hardcover book with your name on the cover. I“m just not sure t
18、he moment would have had the same grandeur had my work been downloaded instead into an e-reader. Reading is not simply an intellectual pursuit but an emotional and spiritual one. That“s why it survives. There are still millions of people who like the paper version, at least for now. And if that chan
19、geswell, what is a book, really? Is it its body, or its soul? (分数:30.00)_正确答案:()解析:一位作家写作生涯的各个阶段并不是体现在办公室门牌的名衔上,而是体现在油墨印刷的姓名上。某天清晨,父亲拿着一摞星期日晨报回到家,报纸首页上有我的文章,我的名字赫然纸上;某天晚上,我软磨硬泡终于说服保安人员给了我一份刚刚印出来的还存留着印刷温度的报纸,上面有我的第一个专栏作品。然而,有人把印着你的大名的精装本递给你的那一刻是无可比拟的。假如我的作品不是印刷成册而是被下载到电子阅读器的话,我不确定那一刻我是否会同样风光无限。 阅读不仅仅
20、是对知识的追求,更是一种对情感和精神的追求。正因如此,书本才流传至今。仍有数百万人喜欢阅读纸质书籍,至少现在是这样。如果情况发生了变化那么,到底什么是书?真正的书?是它的形式还是它的灵魂? 解析 The stages of a writer“s professional life are marked not by a name on an office door, but by a name in ink. 这句话中两个“name”的含义稍有不同,我们都知道办公室门牌上写着的主要是一个人的职位、头衔,而书本上用油墨印刷的是作者的姓名。因此根据常识,我们可将第一个“name”译为名衔,第二个为
21、姓名。 一位作家写作生涯的各个阶段并不是体现在办公室门牌的名衔上,而是体现在油墨印刷的姓名上。 There was the morning when my father came home carrying a stack of Sunday papers because my byline was on page one, and the evening that I persuaded a security guard to hand over all early edition, still warm from the presses, with my first column. 这里的
22、“page one”是报纸的第一页,也就是我们常说的首页。句子后半部分的“persuade”是“劝说,说服”的意思。但是根据常识:保安人员是不会轻易将刚刚印出来的报纸送人的,因此翻译时要体现出这种说服的艰难性,参考译文加上了修饰成分“软磨硬泡”,使译文更加合理。句子的最后“with my first column”在原句中仅为修饰成分,但是这部分恰恰阐释了作者花费大力气去获取那份报纸的原因:他的第一个专栏作品印在上边。翻译时,可将这句话译为分句,译为“上面有我的第一个专栏作品”。 某天清晨,父亲拿着一摞星期日晨报回到家,报纸首页上有我的文章,我的名字赫然纸上;某天晚上,我软磨硬泡终于说服保安人
23、员给了我一份刚刚印出来的还存留着印刷温度的报纸,上面有我的第一个专栏作品。 But there“s nothing to compare to the day when someone hands over a hardcover book with your name on the cover. “there“s nothing to compare to”译为“是无可比拟的”。原句中的“name”参考译文译为了“大名”,将拿到自己作品的精装本时的高傲和喜悦之情表现了出来。 然而,有人把印着你的大名的精装本递给你的那一刻是无可比拟的。 I“m just not sure the moment
24、 would have had the same grandeur had my work been downloaded instead into an e-reader. “have the same grandeur”的含义是“那一刻自己非常有面子”,那一刻对自己而言是壮丽的、是风光的,根据“grandeur”的含义,再结合作者想要表达的骄傲心情,可译为“风光无限”。 假如我的作品不是印刷成册而是被下载到电子阅读器的话,我不确定那一刻我是否会同样风光无限。 Reading is not simply an intellectual pursuit but an emotional and
25、 spiritual one. “not simply.but”译为“不仅仅是更是”,前者只是程度稍微弱些而已,并非是一种彻底的否定。阅读不仅仅是对知识的追求,更是一种对情感和精神的追求。五、Text 2(总题数:1,分数:30.00)32.Laughlin acknowledges that “a lot of responsible people“ are worried about atmospheric concentra- tions of carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels. This has, he says, “the potent
26、ial“ to modify the weather by raising average temperatures several degrees centigrade and that governments have taken “significant, although ineffective“ steps to slow the warming. “On the scales of time relevant to itseff, the earth doesn“t care about any of these governments or their legislation.
27、“ Someday, all the fossil fuels that used to be in the ground will be burned. After that, in about a millennium, the earth will dissolve most of the resulting carbon dioxide into the oceans. The dissolving will leave the concentration in the atmosphere only slightly higher than today“s. Then “over t
28、ens of millennia, or perhaps hundreds“ the earth will transfer the excess carbon dioxide into its rocks, “eventually returning levels in the sea and air to what they were before humans arrived on the scene“. This will take an eternity as humans reckon, but a blink in geologic time. (分数:30.00)_正确答案:(
29、)解析:劳克林承认,有“许多负责任的人”对大气层中因燃烧化石燃料而产生的二氧化碳浓度感到担心。他说,这有可能使全球平均温度升高,从而改变天气状况,各国政府采取了重大但不是很有效的措施来推迟全球变暖。劳克林称:“就地球的时间度量而言,地球并不关心任何政府或者它们的法律。” 某一天,所有原先埋在地下的化石燃料会被燃烧殆尽。之后,地球将需要大约 1000年的时间,将大部分二氧化碳溶解到海洋中,从而使空气中的二氧化碳浓度达到比今天略高的水平。再经过几万年,也许几十万年,地球将缓慢地把过量的二氧化碳转化为岩石,“最终使海洋中和空气中的二氧化碳浓度恢复到人类出现之前的水平”。从人类的视角来看,这个过程可以
30、算是杳无尽头了,但放在地质年代中则是一眨眼的工夫。 解析 “On the scales of time relevant to itself, the earth doesn“t care about any of these governments or their legislation.” 这句话为直接引语,因此翻译为中文时要添加说话人。“scales of time”表示“时间度量”。 劳克林称:“就地球的时间度量而言,地球并不关心任何政府或者它们的法律。” After that, in about a millennium, the earth will dissolve most of the resulting carbon dioxide into the oceans. The dissolving will leave the concentration in the atmo