1、会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)-17 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The country“s inadequate mental health system gets the most attention after instances of mass violence that the nation has seen repeatedly over the past few months. Not all who 1 these sorts of cruelties are mentally i
2、ll, but 2 have been. After each, the national discussion quickly, but temporarily, turns toward the mental health services that may have 3 to prevent another attack. Mental illness usually is not as dangerous or dramatic. 4 23 million Americans live with mental disorder, according to the National In
3、stitute of Mental Health. Very few of these men and women are 5 mass-murderers; they need help for their own well-being and for that of their 6 . The Affordable Care Act has significantly increased insurance coverage 7 mental health care. But that may not be enough to expand 8 to insufficient mental
4、-health-care resources. Tim Murphy has a bill that would do so. The Helping Families in Mental Health Crisis Act is more 9 than other recent efforts to reform the system and perhaps has the brightest prospects in a divided Congress. The 10 would reorganize the billions the federal government pours i
5、nto mental health services. It would 11 the way Medicaid pays for certain mental health treatments. It would fund mental health clinics that 12 certain medical standards. And it would 13 states to adopt policies that allow judges to order some severely mentally ill people to undergo treatment. Not e
6、veryone is satisfied. Some patients“ advocates have 14 Mr. Murphy“s approach as coercive and 15 to those who need help. The government should not be expanding the system“s capability to hospitalize or impose treatment on those 16 severe episodes, they say. It should instead be investing in community
7、 care that 17 the need for more serious treatment. 18 , for a small class who will not accept treatment between hospital visits or repeat arrests, they say, states have good reason to 19 them to accept care, under judicial supervision. Mr. Murphy“s reform package may not prevent the next Sandy Hook.
8、 20 the changes would help relieve a lot of suffering that does not make the front page.（分数：10.00）A.grantB.commitC.affordD.awardA.manyB.fewC.moreD.muchA.requestedB.demandedC.failedD.attemptedA.NeatlyB.ConsiderablyC.NearlyD.HardlyA.inevitableB.necessaryC.certainD.potentialA.careersB.hospitalsC.school
9、sD.familiesA.forB.againstC.withD.withoutA.warningB.accessC.demandD.wayA.preferableB.ineffectiveC.singleD.comprehensiveA.billB.methodC.linkD.lawA.confirmB.changeC.refuseD.holdA.haveB.makeC.meetD.accordA.admitB.pushC.retardD.commandA.praisedB.appreciatedC.scoldedD.condemnedA.harmfulB.beneficialC.uncer
10、tainD.considerateA.looking intoB.taking onC.dealing withD.going throughA.heads offB.interferes withC.takes offD.copes withA.ThusB.BecauseC.HoweverD.AndA.inviteB.allowC.requireD.refuteA.AndB.ButC.ThereforeD.Besides二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Warre
11、n Buffett, who on May 3rd hosts the folksy extravaganza that is Berkshire Hathaway“s annual shareholders“ meeting, is an icon of American capitalism. At 83, he also embodies a striking demographic trend: for highly skilled people to go on working well into what was once thought to be old age. Across
12、 the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled. Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated we
13、ll-off and the unskilled poor that is slicing through all age groups. Rapid innovation has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. Those at the top are working longer hours each year than those at the bottom. And the Well-qualified are extending their working
14、 lives, compared with those of less-educated people. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling amon
15、g younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce. Policy is partly responsible. Many European governme
16、nts have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy, combined with the replacement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with stingier defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But th
17、e changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than their predecessors. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the ski
18、lls that complement computers, from management expertise to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age. This trend will benefit not just fortunate oldies but also, in some ways, society as a whole. Government budgets will be in better shape, as high earners pay taxes for longer. Rich countries
19、with lots of well-educated older people will find the burden of ageing easier to bear than other places. At the other end of the social scale, however, things look grim. Nor are all the effects on the economy beneficial. Wealthy old people will accumulate more savings, which will weaken demand. Ineq
20、uality will increase and a growing share of wealth will eventually be transferred to the next generation via inheritance, entrenching the division between winners and losers still further.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, Warren Buffett hosting the folksy extravaganza at 83 indicates that _.（分数
21、：2.00）A.the demographic development is shockingB.he is the representative figure of American capitalismC.the highly skilled continue to work as they grow olderD.Berkshire Hathaway“s shareholders“ meeting is held once a year(2).The deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled
22、 poor is revealed in the following aspects EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.revenueB.working livesC.working hoursD.the global population(3).If well-educated folk postponed retirement, who would be influenced?（分数：2.00）A.the unskilled youngB.the idle oldC.the working youngD.baby-boomers(4).As mentioned in Paragrap
23、h 3 and 4, which is NOT the reason of the gap between the well-edu-cated and the unskilled?（分数：2.00）A.policyB.countryC.labor skillsD.the changing nature of work(5).In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on _（分数：2.00）A.a vivid account of global ageingB.
24、a detailed description of positive impactC.other possible reasons for the deepening divide in U.S.D.one likely solution such as imposing higher inheritance taxes五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Psychologists have known for a century that individuals vary in their cognitive ability. But are some groups, like
25、some people, reliably smarter than others? In order to answer that question, we grouped 697 volunteer participants into teams of two to five members. Each team worked together to complete a series of short tasks, which were selected to represent the varied kinds of problems that groups are called up
26、on to solve in the real world. One task involved logical analysis, another brainstorming; others emphasized coordination, planning and moral reasoning. Individual intelligence, as psychologists measure it, is defined by its generality: People with good vocabularies, for instance, also tend to have g
27、ood math skills, even though we often think of those abilities as distinct. The results of our studies showed that this same kind of general intelligence also exists for teams. On average, the groups that did well on one task did well on the others, too. In other words, some teams were simply smarte
28、r than others. We found the smartest teams were distinguished by three characteristics. First, their members contributed more equally to the team“s discussions, rather than letting one or two people dominate the group. Second, their members scored higher on a test called Reading the Mind in the Eyes
29、, which measures how well people can read complex emotional states from images of faces with only the eyes visible. Finally, teams with more women outperformed teams with more men. This last effect, however, was partly explained by the fact that women, on average, were better at “mindreading“ than m
30、en. In a new study, we replicated these earlier findings. We randomly assigned each of 68 teams to complete our collective intelligence test in one of two conditions. Half of the teams worked face to face. The other half worked online, with no ability to see any of their teammates. We wanted to see
31、whether groups that worked online would still demonstrate collective intelligence, and whether social ability would matter as much when people communicated purely by typing messages into a browser. And they did. Online and off, some teams consistently worked smarter than others. More surprisingly, t
32、he most important ingredients for a smart team remained constant regardless of its mode of interaction: members who communicated a lot, participated equally and possessed good emotion-reading skills.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.some groups are really sm
33、arter than othersB.the 697 volunteer participants need to complete a series of short tasks togetherC.the selected short tasks must have practical significanceD.logical analysis and brainstorming are important in each task(2).According to psychologists, individual intelligence _.（分数：2.00）A.is charact
34、erized by generalityB.is related to math skillsC.is not related to teamsD.is key to smarter teams(3).According to the author, the characteristics of smarter teams include all the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.the members have relatively equal contribution to the team“s discussionsB.the members have
35、a higher IQC.the members have a stronger ability of reading complex facial expressionsD.there are more female members than other teams(4).In a new study, the other half of people work online because _.（分数：2.00）A.it“s necessary to ensure the accuracy of the experimentB.online collaboration is becomin
36、g more and more importantC.the experimenters want to see whether collective intelligence will be showedD.the experimenters want to prove social ability is vital to every team(5).The best title for the passage may be _.（分数：2.00）A.How to Develop a Smarter TeamB.Why Some Teams Are Smarter Than OthersC.
37、The Characteristics of Smarter TeamD.What Factors can Affect a Team六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many of the tech industry“s biggest companies, like Amazon, Google, IBM and Microsoft, are jockeying to become the leader for artificial intelligence (A.I.). In the industry“s term, the companies are engaged i
38、n a “platform war.“ A platform, in technology, is essentially a piece of software that other companies build on and that consumers cannot do without. Become the platform and huge profits will follow. Microsoft dominated personal computers because its Windows software became the center of the consume
39、r software world. Google has come to dominate the Internet through its ubiquitous search bar. If true believers in A.I. are correct that this long-promised technology is ready for the mainstream, the company that controls A.I. could steer the tech industry for years to come. “Whoever wins this race
40、will dominate the next stage of the information age,“ said Pedro Domingos, a machine learning specialist and the author of “The Master Algorithm,“ a 2015 book that contends that A.I. and big-data technology will remake the world. In this fightno doubt in its early stagesthe big tech companies are en
41、gaged in tit-for-tat publicity stunts, circling the same start-ups that could provide the technology pieces they are missing and, perhaps most important, trying to hire the same brains. Fei-Fei Li, a Stanford University professor who is an expert in computer vision, said one of her Ph.D. candidates
42、had an offer for a job paying more than $1 million a year, and that was only one of four from big and small companies. For years, tech companies have used man-versus-machine competitions to show they are making progress on A.I. In 1997, an IBM computer beat the chess champion Garry Kasparov. Five ye
43、ars ago, IBM went even further when its Watson system won a three-day match on the television trivia show “Jeopardy!“ Today, Watson is the centerpiece of IBM“s A.I. efforts. By 2020, the market for machine learning applications will reach $40 billion, IDC, a market research firm, estimates. And 60 p
44、ercent of those applications, the firm predicts, will run on the platform software of four companiesAmazon, Google, IBM and Microsoft. Intelligent software applications will become commonplace, said Jeff Dean, a computer scientist who oversees Google“s A.I. development. “And machine learning will to
45、uch every industry.“（分数：10.00）(1).The reason for Microsoft controlling personal computers is that _.（分数：2.00）A.it has formed a good platformB.its software has gained a lot of moneyC.its Windows software became popular among consumersD.its software has been widely used in search bar(2).Google can ste
46、er the tech industry in the future on premise that _.（分数：2.00）A.it has controlled the InternetB.I. has prepared to be the mainstreamC.it has won in the information ageD.I. and big-data technology have become mature(3).The text takes “Fei-Fei Li“ as an example in Paragraph 3 to show that _.（分数：2.00）A
47、.the competition between tech companies is fierceB.the candidates from famous universities are more popularC.the higher the pay is, the more likely the candidate is to accept the offerD.perhaps tech companies are striving for the same talents(4).In which way the tech companies have used to show thei
48、r progress?（分数：2.00）A.Competitions between men and machines.B.Chess games.C.TV shows.D.The profitability of new products.(5).What“s the author“s attitude towards the future of A.I.?（分数：2.00）A.Negative.B.Positive.C.Unclear.D.Indifferent.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“It“s such a simple thing,“ said John Sp
49、itzer, managing director of equipment standards for the United States Golf Association. “I“m amazed that so many people spend so much time and energy on trying to change it.“ The simple thing to which he refers is the humble golf tee, a peg made of wood that most of us grab by the handful or buy for a few pennies each, stick in our pockets, and don“t give a second thought to. The road to the tee began with a Boston-area dentist named George F. Grant, who received a patent in 1899 for “an Improvement in Golf-Tees.“ Grant“s tees consi
