1、MBA 联考逻辑-54 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Few scientific fields are as full of risk as that of research into human intelligence. The two questions that (1) over and over again are “is it a result of nature or nurture?“ and “does race make a difference?“Making (2) com
2、ments about the second question can be a (3) move, as James Watson, a co-discoverer of DNA structure, recently found. He suggested that he was “ (4) about the prospect of Africa“ (5) “all our social policies are based on the fact that their intelligence is the same as ours (white people) (6) all the
3、 testing says not really“. Such (7) by Dr. Watson are not merely (8) , they are scientifically weird. If the term (9) has any useful scientific meaning, then Africa, the continent where modern humanity began, is most racially diverse. The resulting (10) among the public forced Dr. Watson to leave hi
4、s laboratory.(11) , the study of the first question (12) between intelligence and genetics has some wiser practitioners. One of them, Terrie Moffitt, of Kings College, has just (13) a project judging the relative importance of nature and nurture. Dr. Moffitts team (14) the effect on intelligence of
5、breastfeeding, but in a genetic context. Previous studies have shown that breastfed children are more intelligent, (15) about six IQ points, than those given baby formulas.The team, however, (16) the involvement of a gene called FADS2, which comes in two varieties, known as C and G. The researchers
6、(17) if these two varieties interacted differently with breast milk. (18) on data from two groups of people, they found that the intelligence increase associated with breastfeeding only happened to people having (19) at least one copy of the C variety. The effect did not. (20) on the social classes
7、or IQs of the parents.（分数：10.00）(1).A happen B rise C arise D arouse（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A prompt B hasty C general D stupid（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A career-killing B career-facilitating C time-consuming D energy-saving（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A gloomy B optimistic C concerned D alarmed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5)
8、.A therefore B because C so D but（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A however B whereas C since D as（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A policies B tests C remarks D questions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A offensive B confusing C promising D objective（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A intelligence B prospect C society D race（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).
9、A finding B uproar C complexity D puzzlement（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A Fortunately B Particularly C Furthermore D Indeed（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A similarities B differences C links D contradictions（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A sponsored B recommended C criticized D supervised（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A had B exami
10、ned C discovered D suggested（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A with B at C to D by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A suspected B doubted C disapproved D challenged（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A questioned B wondered C noted D found（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A Deciding B Acting C Drawing D Reflecting（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A obtained B
11、 produced C earned D inherited（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A depend B focus C lean D count（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The standardized educational or psychological tests, that are widely used to aid in selecting, assigning, or promoting
12、 students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themsel
13、ves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are
14、 based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows th
15、at the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or
16、 the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the empirical evidence concerning comparative va
17、lidity, and upon such factors as cost and availability.In general, the tests work most effectively when the traits or qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined (for example, ability to do well in a particular course of training program) and least effectively when what is to be measured
18、or predicted cannot be well defined (for example, personality or creativity). Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not
19、 do. For example, they dont compensate for gross social inequality, and thus dont tell how able an underprivileged younger might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the essence of this text?A Attacking standardized tests.B Dont blame the test-blame the
20、user.C Standardized tests and their wide applications.D The standardized test -a useful means of assessment.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The selection implies that, more often, the value of an educational test rests withA the interpretation of test results.B the analysis of the students tested.C the skill a
21、nd wisdom of the test itself.D the accuracy of the information provided.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The third paragraph is written mainly to stateA the functions of educational tests.B the dimensions of standardized tests.C the bases for using standardized tests.D the mixed results of standardized tests.（分
22、数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, which of the following statements is not true?A Predictions do not always hold true.B Some students “shine“ unexpectedly.C The supervisor of the test must be well trained.D Personality tests often fall short of their purpose.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to
23、 the text, the authors attitude toward the value of standardized tests seems to beA critical.B dubious.C objective.D ambiguous.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)That rapscallion who leaps off the monkey bars, landing smack onto an innocent 3-year-old bystander, and skips off, giggling all the
24、 while? According to a new paper out of Israel, he may not feel all that bad about the incident. The study, conducted by Dr. In bal Kivenson Bar-On at the University of Haifa, shows that high levels of fearlessness in 3-and 4-year-olds is strongly associated with aggression and a lack of sympathy. T
25、his news will likely surprise risk-loving America, where parents typically beam with pride when their undaunted child mounts the big slide.Fearlessness is a far-end point on the spectrum of what psychologists call the “approach and withdrawal dimension“peoples tendency to approach new stimuli (to ga
26、in information and acquire new skills ) and withdraw from unfamiliar stimuli (to avoid danger). Striking the right balance is considered crucial to mans survival. But what about preschoolers? Theres a clear downside, Dr. Kivenson Bar-On discovered, after she observed lots of preschool play and machi
27、nations. In total, she documented 80 children at preschool, home and in the lab, measuring their propensity for fearlessness and other social and emotional characteristics at the beginning and end of one year. Fearlessness was measured by observing reactions to various fright-inducing situations: se
28、paration from parents, the roar of a vacuum cleaner, a jack-in-the-box and the like. Those who displayed greater levels of fearlessness, the study found, had no trouble recognizing facial expressions of anger, surprise, happiness and sadness in other childrenbut they had a hard time identifying fear
29、.Over all, they were “emotionally shallow“ and showed lower levels of sympathy. They took advantage of friends and lacked regret over inappropriate conduct. “These findings,“ the paper explains, “ suggest that fearlessness in preschool constitutes a clear risk factor for developmental pathways that
30、lead to problems in morality, conscience development, and severe antisocial behaviors. “ At the same time, fearless children tended to be highly sociable. “One of the most interesting findings was that we could discriminate between friendliness and sympathy,“ Dr. Kivenson Bar-On said. “These kids ar
31、e curious, easygoing and friendly, but they have a hard time recognizing emotional distress in others. “Jamie Ostrov, a psychology professor at the State University at Buffalo who studies aggression, says that children at the extreme end of the fearless spectrurn “may be charming, but theyre also hi
32、ghly manipulative and deceptive and skilled at getting their wayeven at age 3 or 4. “ It could be that fearless children need stronger distress cues to active their autonomic nervous systems, limiting their ability to detect distress cues in others. It seems to be, if Im not worried about this, you
33、cant be, either. But should we be?（分数：10.00）(1).The example of the first paragraph is to_.A quote the research that the children of high levels of fearlessness are lack of empathyB illustrate the children strongly associated with aggression and a lack of sympathy existC criticize children in reckles
34、s behavior and moral deficiencyD emphasize the necessity of the research（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).As for the result of the research, American parents may be_?A approving B welcomeC a little unhappy D indifferent（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the second paragraph, we may know_.A fearless children are e
35、asy to liveB fearless childrens character downsideC fearless children are not sensitive to fearD fear children are hard to distinguish different kinds of look（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Dr. Kivenson Bar-On, fearless children_.A have no sympathy B will have anti-social tendencyC get well along
36、with others D are foxy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The fearless children are not easy to perceive others sad mood because_.A theyre more aggressive and deceptiveB they are more lack of sympathyC they themselves are difficult to have the sad moodD they are not good at watching others（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3
37、(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Burkina Faso student teacher Hema Cecile has a lot more time to crack the books thanks to a recent initiative from the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). The launch of the Lighting Africa program by the two organizations this year has made it possible for Cec
38、ile to swap kerosene lamps for a solar-powered LED lantern.Lighting Africa is a 12 million project which intends to bring light to the poorest regions across sub-Saharan Africa. The program works with the lighting industry to develop clean, affordable lighting and energy solutions for millions witho
39、ut access to electric grids. Its aim is to accelerate the market and to develop education programs that inform off-grid populations currently dependent on costly, inefficient and hazardous fuel-based lighting about modern alternatives.Cecile used to spend 3-4 a month on kerosene for her lamp. That i
40、s a large proportion of her earningslike 70 percent of the population she lives on less than 2 a day. In the weeks since buying her lantern she has managed to read four books including Madame Bovary. by Gustave Flaubert and Emile Zolas Germinal. She is among the most learned in a society which has t
41、he worlds lowest literacy rate, according to a 2007 UN Human Development Report. When she graduates next year she will teach in a local junior school She makes ends meet by holiday jobs as a cleaner and an IT trainer. To earn her daily ration of cornmeal she does shifts from May to September in a co
42、rn field.The lanterns are designed to look like the kerosene ones they are replacing in order to increase adoption among the population. Each has a small solar panel on the top and costs an average 30, although some cost 100, depending on the size of the battery and the number of LED lights it conta
43、ins.Because of the large number of sunlight hours in Burkina Faso, the lamps can be relied on to work whenever needed. The battery life is 2-4 years, and can be replaced once they lose their storage capacity. The LED lights last 5-10 years.Although it is barely out of its trial period the project, C
44、habanne said there are signs the project is a boon for the population in areas other than household savings and education. “There are fewer people reporting eye problems to the local hospital./（分数：10.00）(1).The word “swap“ ( Line 4, Para. 1 ) most probably means _.A to exchange B to destroyC to inve
45、nt D to copy（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The purpose of the Lighting Africa program is to _.A do market researchB provide new energy solutionsC help African people to be independentD promote modernization across sub-Saharan Africa（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which one of the following statements is true about Cecil
46、e?A She is illiterate, just like many of the citizens in her region.B She works only from May to September every year.C She is a full time employee in an IT company.D She is still a student now.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which one of the following is NOT one of the measures to promote the use of the new l
47、anterns?A Similar looks with the old kerosene ones.B Fixed price of $30 for all models.C Reliable to work when needed.D Replaceable batteries.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the author think about the future of the project mentioned in this passage?A Uncertain. B Optimistic.C Pessimistic. D Worried.（
48、分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The U.S. Supreme Courts decision Monday to let stand a ruling in an online defamation case will make it more difficult to determine correct legal jurisdictions in other Internet cases, legal experts said.By opting not to take the case, the high court effectively endorsed a lower courts decision that a Colorado company that posts ratings of health plans on the Internet could be sued for defamation in a Washington court. The lower court ruling is one of several that makes it easier for plaintiffs to sue Web
