1、2016 年国际关系学院翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：132.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：30，分数：60.00)1.The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things_to teach you the art of learning.（分数：2.00）A.butB.norC.asD.like2.All flights_, we decided to take a greyhound.（分数：2.00）A.were canceledB.had been cance
2、ledC.having canceledD.having been canceled3.This company has now introduced a policy_pay rises are related to performance at work.（分数：2.00）A.whichB.whereC.whetherD.what4.The American businessman had difficulty at times working with his local counterparts in Guangdong Province, for he could speak_Can
3、tonese than Mandarin.（分数：2.00）A.no moreB.not moreC.no lessD.not less5.He came into the managers office_ that he was dismissed.（分数：2.00）A.only to be toldB.being toldC.in order to be toldD.telling6.The new director made it clear that his staff were not to accept gifts from clients, _.（分数：2.00）A.be the
4、y jewelry or football ticketsB.they are jewelry or football ticketsC.whether are jewelry or football ticketsD.no matter are jewelry or football tickets7.The terrible disease is said _the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region.（分数：2.00）A.beingB.to beC.to have b
5、eenD.having been8._your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.（分数：2.00）A.UnlessB.But forC.Except forD.Not for9.The doctor _a medicine for the childs stomach pains.（分数：2.00）A.describedB.subscribedC.prescribedD.inscribed10.The _family in Chinese cities now spends more money
6、on housing than before.（分数：2.00）A.normalB.averageC.usualD.general11.Prices are _to variation without notice.（分数：2.00）A.possibleB.trendyC.likelyD.subject12.Be careful when you talk to your boss. He is in a very bad _today.（分数：2.00）A.motiveB.moodC.mindD.notion13.The government has allocated ten millio
7、n pounds to the tsunami-_area.（分数：2.00）A.stickenB.strickenC.stuckD.striked14.The branches could hardly _the weight of the fruit.（分数：2.00）A.retainB.sustainC.maintainD.remain15.Her speeches are full of _wit and warmth.（分数：2.00）A.captivatingB.captivatedC.captiveD.captured16.After the terrorist attacks
8、in Europe, he _the idea of going to Spain for a holiday.（分数：2.00）A.gave inB.dismissedC.missedD.struck17.He asked for $ 5, 000 in _for the injury he suffered in the accident.（分数：2.00）A.damagesB.lossesC.damageD.loss18.Unfortunately, most public places are simply not geared _the needs of people with di
9、sabilities.（分数：2.00）A.withB.forC.toD.at19.A solar cell takes radiation from the sun and _it into electricity.（分数：2.00）A.altersB.modifiesC.shapesD.converts20.His constructive proposal for improving the program is _of our attention.（分数：2.00）A.worthB.worthyC.worthwhileD.worthless21.A good English learn
10、er is supposed to _a large vocabulary.（分数：2.00）A.commandB.orderC.controlD.lead22.The government has launched several campaigns to crack _on pirating.（分数：2.00）A.upB.inC.downD.for23.Traditionally people believed that obesity resulted from overeating only. Today, however, many doctors believe that it i
11、s a (n) _of genes.（分数：2.00）A.affairB.matterC.thingD.object24.We were so poor in those days that the whole family had only one _and were ashamed of being seen.（分数：2.00）A.clothesB.clothingC.garmentD.costume25.Everybody says that he takes _his grandfather, with his big fleshy nose that takes _too much
12、space on his face.（分数：2.00）A.to; upB.after; upC.of; offD.from; away26.Seeing the closet on fire, he made a futile attempt to save the paintings from the flames. The underlined word probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.promptB.frenziedC.franticD.useless27.Her parents keep her on a short_, although she has turn
13、ed 20.（分数：2.00）A.leashB.lashC.blushD.lush28.This is a widely _book owing to its insightful understanding of the subject.（分数：2.00）A.exclaimedB.claimedC.reclaimedD.acclaimed29.Doctors recommend Vitamin C for keeping colds _bay.（分数：2.00）A.toB.forC.inD.at30.Normally he is rather_, but sometimes he talks
14、 freely about himself.（分数：2.00）A.reservedB.informalC.peacefulD.sociable二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：70.00)The temperature of the sun is over 5, 000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. The sun is so much hotter than the earth that
15、 matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core. In the core of the sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core. However, no one really knows, since the center of the sun can never be directly observed. Solar astronomers d
16、o know that the sun is divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the outside and going down into the sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone and finally the core. The first three zones are regarded as the suns atmosphere. But since the sun has no solid surface,
17、 it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main body of the sun begins. The suns outermost layer begins about 10, 000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for millions of miles. This is the only part of the sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as the one in February 197
18、9. At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the suns rays. The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full moon. Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse.
19、The coronas rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike rays near the suns north and south poles. The corona is thickest at the suns equator. The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds and reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenhei
20、t. The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets. By the time the suns corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible.（分数：12.00）(1).Matter on the sun can exist only in the form of gas because of the suns_.（分数：2.00）A.sizeB.ageC.locationD.temperature(2).The second parag
21、raph is mainly concerned with_.（分数：2.00）A.how the sun evolvedB.the structure of the sunC.why scientists study the sunD.the distance of the sun from the planets(3).All of the following are parts of the suns atmosphere EXCEPT the_.（分数：2.00）A.coronaB.chromosphereC.photosphereD.core(4).The word “glare“
22、in the passage probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.strong heatB.harmful effectC.bright unpleasant lightD.endless warmth(5).According to the passage, as the corona rays reach the planets, they become_.（分数：2.00）A.hotterB.clearerC.thinnerD.stronger(6).Which of the following do the paragraphs following the passa
23、ge most likely discuss?（分数：2.00）A.The remaining layers of the sun.B.The evolution of the sun to its present form.C.The eclipse of February 1979.D.The scientists who study astronomy.Seeing the wreck for the first time, under the great arc of a sunny sky on that level shore, I was initially impressed
24、by its remoteness. Here was the focus of those weeks of discussion, of seemingly endless careful planning: a slightly projecting, elongated outline. The warmth of the day meant that many holiday-makers were about, and our equipment rapidly attracted them to the site, unmistakable with its brilliant
25、orange marker, each attached to a steel post. These posts marked off the four corners of our working area, and were linked by a rope to keep it clear of curious sightseers. Many structural features of the wreck which would normally have been visible were obscured by the sand, which was not only righ
26、t up to but even above the upper gun deck. We went to work immediately when the first low tide made a start possible, and set up our basic survey line running down the middle of the wreck from bow to stern. As we set about measuring the sides of the ship in their relation to survey line, the “Amster
27、dam“ emerged as a vessel of substance, and more so when the members of the team had scoured her aged timbers free from mussel shells and seaweed. All this activity attracted an increasing number of sightseers, whose interest was natural and welcome, since the more people who were moved to understand
28、 what we were about, the better it was for archaeology in general and for the future preservation of the “ Amsterdam“ in particular. However, there were also predatory souvenir hunters who were most disappointed by our merely taking elaborate measurements, with no apparent intention of digging up mo
29、re objects.（分数：12.00）(1).Seeing the wreck of the “Amsterdam“, the author was impressed by_.（分数：2.00）A.its apparent isolationB.its accessibility from the shoreC.the crowds of people round itD.the effect of its outline against the sky(2).According to the passage, the holiday-makers on the beach were_.
30、（分数：2.00）A.confined within a roped-off areaB.confined to the upper part of the wreckC.kept well away from the orange markersD.discouraged from entering the roped-off area(3).The word “obscured“ in the passage probably means_.（分数：2.00）A.made clearerB.made less clearC.obtainedD.filled(4).We are told t
31、hat work on the wreck was made difficult by_.（分数：2.00）A.the slope of the beachB.the height of the shipC.the number of holiday-makersD.the volume of the sand(5).The passage suggests that the “Amsterdam“ had been a_.（分数：2.00）A.submarineB.warshipC.fishing boatD.passenger liner(6).The passage suggests t
32、hat “I“ was most likely a (n) _.（分数：2.00）A.reporterB.archaeologistC.touristD.beach keeperNineteenth-century associationist theories assumed that the mind functions in terms of association, forming sets of concepts and experiences. Associationists argued that mental contents could be studied by notin
33、g the links of similarity, contrast and proximity which exist in an individuals thought and behavior patterns. Pavlovs notion of conditioning is itself base on the associationist theory that one stimulus becomes associated with another. If a bell is rung each time a dog is given food, the dog will b
34、ecome conditioned to salivate on hearing the bell ring, despite the absence of food. First used to investigate the differences in cognitive styles, word-association tests became a sensitive instrument for the detection of emotional concerns. In a word-association test, a subject is presented with a
35、list of about 100 words as stimuli. Each word is chosen by the tester and the subject is required to respond with the first word that comes into his or her mind on hearing the stimulus word. The tester notes the subjects response time for each of the words with the use of a chronometer. It is argued
36、 that if the subject is emotionally indifferent to a stimulus word, the response time for the reaction is very short. If, on the other hand, the stimulus word carries emotional significance for the subject, the response time is likely to be significantly longer. In addition, reactions to significant
37、 words may also include hesitation, stuttering, involuntary movement or other symptoms of disturbance. Jung, who used word-association tests in the early part of his career, showed that family members, in particular mothers and daughters and husbands and wives, exhibited similar responses to the sam
38、e stimulus words. He argued that this indicated a failure to achieve individuation and was indicative of the potentially negative dynamics that exist in family relationships. In a test carried out by Donald D. Jaffe, a pioneer of word-association tests, a subject was observed to exhibit delay and di
39、sturbance in response to the words “friend“, “bottle“, and “fight“. Jaffe suggested that the subject had been involved in a drunken fight with a friend in which a window had been broken. The subject admitted that such an experience had, indeed, taken place and that the friend had asked the subject t
40、o pay for the damages resulting from injuries he had received.（分数：12.00）(1).Associationist theories_.（分数：2.00）A.were useful only for studying how people thinkB.were first used by Jung in word-association testsC.formed the basis for Pavlovs notion of conditioningD.were used to assess a persons vocabu
41、lary(2).According to the passage, a chronometer is a device to measure_.（分数：2.00）A.timeB.facial expressionsC.voiceD.association between words(3).In a word-association test, _can be significant.（分数：2.00）A.the time of responseB.the word provided by a subjectC.facial expressions of the subject on heari
42、ng the wordD.all of the above(4).According to Jung, _.（分数：2.00）A.the father and the daughter in a family responded quite differently to a word stimulusB.the similarity of the responses in a family indicated that the family members got on well with each otherC.the similarity of the responses in a fam
43、ily indicated that children in the family were not capable of individual thinkingD.if members in a family responded similarly to a word stimulus, the family was going to break up(5).Jaffes experiment shows that_.（分数：2.00）A.the word-association test is very powerfulB.word-association tests can be use
44、d only for assessing unpleasant experiencesC.the subject was an aggressive manD.the friend was right in asking the subject to pay for the injuries(6).The passage mainly talks about the significance of word-association tests in assessing_.（分数：2.00）A.peoples cognitive stylesB.peoples emotional concern
45、sC.peoples potentials for a taskD.family relationshipsWhen we feel stressed, our adrenal glands release a peptide called Cortisol. Our body responds with Cortisol whether it faces physical, environmental, academic, or emotional danger. This triggers a string of physical reactions including depressio
46、n of the immune system, tensing of the large muscles, blood-clotting, and increasing blood pressure. Its the perfect response to the unexpected presence of a sable-toothed tiger. But in school, that kind of response leads to problems. Chronically high Cortisol levels lead to the death of brain cells
47、 in the hippocampus, which is critical to explicit memory formation. These physical changes are significant. Stanford scientist Robert Sapolsky found that atrophy levels in the hippocampus of Vietnam veterans with PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) ranged from 8 to 24 percent above the control gr
48、oup. Chronic stress also impairs a students ability to sort out whats important and whats not. Jacobs and Nadel (1985) suggest that thinking and memory are affected under stress. The brains short-term memory and ability to form long-term memories are inhibited. There are other problems. Chronic stre
49、ss makes students more susceptible to illness. In one study, students showed a depressed immune system at test time; they had lower levels of an important antibody for fighting infection. This may explain the vicious academic cycle; more test stress means more sickness, which means poor health and missed classes, which contribute to
