1、2016 年南京师范大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：74.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.I cant decide what to do. Ill _it and let you know tomorrow.（分数：2.00）A.sleep forB.sleep offC.sleep onD.sleep out of2.In the _of the hurricane, many peoples homes were destroyed.（分数：2.00）A.resultB.aftermathC.consequenceD.u
2、pshot3.In the light from the hall, her hair had a golden_.（分数：2.00）A.gleamB.glistenC.glimmerD.glare4.To my mind, Mark Twain was _the large man of his time.（分数：2.00）A.beyond the questionB.beyond questionC.beyond the doubtD.out of the question5.The _that democracies do not fight each other is based on
3、 a tiny historical sample.（分数：2.00）A.propagationB.prepositionC.proposalD.proposition6.The roof _under the weight of the snow.（分数：2.00）A.fellB.submergedC.collapsedD.descended7.Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “With urbanization the _between rich and poor sharpened“?（分数：2.00）A.
4、grudgeB.antagonismC.detestationD.hatred8.The moon was casting a rainbow through the _from the waterfall.（分数：2.00）A.spreadB.sprayC.scatterD.strew9.His family was subjected to a (n) _attack by the gang.（分数：2.00）A.tediousB.hideousC.evilD.notorious10.The country was on the _of becoming prosperous and su
5、ccessful.（分数：2.00）A.brimB.rimC.edgeD.verge11.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?（分数：2.00）A.All his lectures are very interesting.B.Half their savings were gone.C.Many his friends came to the party.D.Both his sisters are nurses.12.Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “W
6、eve seen the film_“?（分数：2.00）A.beforeB.recentlyC.latelyD.yet13._should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.（分数：2.00）A.To be not tallB.Not being tallC.Being not tallD.Not to be tall14.They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as_.（分数：2.00）A.it could beB.could beC.it wasD.was
7、15.The following are all correct responses to “Who told the news to the teacher?“ EXCEPT_.（分数：2.00）A.Jim did thisB.Jim did soC.Jim did thatD.Jim did16.In his plays, Shakespeare _his characters live through their language.（分数：2.00）A.would makeB.had madeC.has madeD.makes17.The square itself is five hu
8、ndred yards wide, five times _the size of St. Peters in Rome.（分数：2.00）A./B.that ofC.which isD.of18._dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.（分数：2.00）A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However19.If only I _play the guitar as well as you!（分数：2.00）A.wouldB.couldC.shouldD.might20.The part
9、y, _I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable.（分数：2.00）A.by whichB.for whichC.to whichD.at which二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：3，分数：32.00)Yet the difference in tone and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks; that change should remind us that even if the function of rel
10、igion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a me
11、re principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the vari
12、ous objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experie
13、nce may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make fo
14、r an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively an
15、d piecemeal, hardly regarding the goal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quar
16、ter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate. Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail upon themselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partia
17、lity in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anxiety ha
18、s been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greek oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christi
19、an vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural death the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a
20、short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avenged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come, the real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrai
21、ned in and natural excellence. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill. What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results? The answer is easy; rel
22、igion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remoulds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdom I mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit of
23、all good. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions and
24、practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of reason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits.（分数：10.00）(1).As used in the passage, the author would define “wisdom“ as_.（分数：2.00）A.the pursuit of rationality through imaginationB.an unemotional search for
25、the truthC.a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is bestD.a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness(2).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?（分数：2.00）A.Religion seeks the truth through imagination, reason, in its search, utilizes the emotions.B.Religion has proved an ineffective tool in s
26、olving mans problems.C.Science seeks a piecemeal solution to mans questions.D.The functions of philosophy and reason are the same.(3).According to the author, science differs from religion in that_.（分数：2.00）A.it is unaware of ultimate goalsB.it is unimaginativeC.its findings are exact and finalD.it
27、resembles society and art(4).The author states that religion differs from rationality in that_.（分数：2.00）A.it relies on intuition rather than reasoningB.it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aimsC.it has disappointed mankindD.it has inspired mankind(5).According to th
28、e author, the pursuit of religion has proved to be_.（分数：2.00）A.imaginativeB.a provider of hope for the futureC.a highly intellectual activityD.ineffectualIn some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not
29、even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calml
30、y argue in favor of violence as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our in
31、stincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mea
32、n nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us. The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their
33、own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, w
34、e would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social program. The benefits that can be derived from constructive sol
35、utions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law. Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems. And to do this, we mu
36、st learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,“ the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.“ Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. Afte
37、r listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,“ the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.“ Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pr
38、etends to solve.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Advocating Violence.B.Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C.Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D.The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.(2).Recorded history
39、 has taught us_.（分数：2.00）A.violence never solves anythingB.nothingC.the bloodshed means nothingD.everything(3).It can be inferred that truly reasonable men_.（分数：2.00）A.cant get a hearingB.are looked down uponC.are persecutedD.have difficulty in advocating law enforcement(4).“ He was none the wiser“
40、means_.（分数：2.00）A.he was not at all wise in listeningB.he was not at all wiser than nothing beforeC.he gains nothing after listeningD.he makes no sense of the argument(5).According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is_.（分数：2.00）A.law enforcementB.knowledgeC.nonviolenceD.mopping up the
41、violent messA bilingual person is someone who speaks two languages. A person who speaks more than two languages is called “multilingual“ (although the term “bilingualism“ can be used for both situations). Multilingualism isnt unusual; in fact, its the norm for most of the worlds societies. Its possi
42、ble for a person to know and use three, four, or even more languages fluently. People may become bilingual either by acquiring two languages at the same time in childhood or by learning a second language sometime after acquiring their first language. Many bilingual people grow up speaking two langua
43、ges. Often in America such people are the children of immigrants; these children grow up speaking their parents native language in their childhood home while speaking English at school. Many bilinguals, however, are not immigrants; it is not uncommon for people born in the U. S. to speak English at
44、school or work and another language at home. Children can also become bilingual if their parents speak more than one language to them, or if some other significant person in their life (such as a grandparent or caretaker) speaks to them consistently in another language. Sometimes a child will grow u
45、p in a household in which each parent speaks a different language; in that case, the child may learn to speak to each parent in that parents language. In short, a young child who is regularly exposed to two languages from an early age will most likely become a fluent native speaker of both languages
46、. The exposure must involve interaction; a child growing up in an English-speaking household who is exposed to Spanish only through Spanish-language television wont become a Spanish-English bilingual, but a child who is regularly spoken to in both English and Spanish will. It is also possible to lea
47、rn a second language sometime after early childhood, but the older you get, the harder it is to learn to speak a new language as well as a native speaker. Many linguists believe there is a “critical period“ (lasting roughly from birth until puberty) during which a child can easily acquire any langua
48、ge that he or she is regularly exposed to. Under this view, the structure of the brain changes at puberty, and after that it becomes harder to learn a new language. This means that it is much easier to learn a second language during childhood than as an adult. In some countries, nearly everybody is
49、bilingual or multilingual. In parts of India, for example, a small child usually knows several languages. In many European countries, children are encouraged to learn a second language typically English. In fact, the U. S. is quite unusual among the countries of the world in that many of its citizens speak only English, and they are rarely encouraged to become fluent in any other language. There is no evidence to suggest that its any h
