1、2016 年北京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：72.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.abusive translation（分数：2.00）_3.domesticating translation（分数：2.00）_4.expressive text（分数：2.00）_5.exegetic translation（分数：2.00）_6.interlingual translation（分数：2.00）_7.instrumental translation（分数：2.00）_8.MAT（分数：2.00）_9.metat
2、ext（分数：2.00）_10.parallel corpora（分数：2.00）_11.prospective translation（分数：2.00）_12.prototext（分数：2.00）_13.pseudotranslation（分数：2.00）_14.third code（分数：2.00）_15.universals of translation（分数：2.00）_16.untranslability（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_18.后瞻式翻译（分数：2.00）_19.接受语（分数：2.00）_20.可比语料库（分数：2.00）_回译_22.描写翻译研究（分数：2.00）_
3、冗余_24.术语库（分数：2.00）_25.同声传译（分数：2.00）_26.文化移植（分数：2.00）_27.信息型文本（分数：2.00）_28.异化翻译（分数：2.00）_29.要旨翻译（分数：2.00）_30.译后编译（分数：2.00）_31.语义消歧（分数：2.00）_32.语用翻译（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：8，分数：12.00)33.英译汉_34.Just as the top EU official for migration was urging the White House to be “more generous“ in accepting Syrian r
4、efugees, Paris was struck by a series of attacks that immediately boosted political opposition to his pitch. As in some other countries, the massacres have been co-opted by critics of refugee policy. The US in September agreed to accept 10,000 Syrian refugees over the next year, up from 1,500, under
5、 pressure from Europe. The fear that terrorists could enter the US masked as refugees was exacerbated after a Syrian passport was found near the body of one of the attackers. Many of the Republican presidential contenders and other party members now want the White House to scrap or defer the Syrian
6、refugee programme.（分数：2.00）_35.Sigmund Freud has been out of the scientific mainstream for so long, its easy to forget that in the early 20th century he was regarded as a towering man of sciencenot, as he is remembered today, as the founder of the marginalized form of therapy known as psychoanalysis
7、. At the start of his career, he wanted to invent a “science of the mind“ , but the Victorian tools he had were too blunt for the task. So he dropped the “science“ part and had his patients lie on a couch, free-associating about childhood, dreams and fantasies. This technique yielded the revolutiona
8、ry notion that the human mind was a soap opera of concealed lust and aggression, of dark motives, self-deception and dreams rife with hidden meaning.（分数：2.00）_36.The new planets size put it right on the edge between being rocky like Earth and being a fluffy gas ball like Neptune, according to accord
9、ing to studies of other such exoplanets. In an email, Jon Jenkins of NASAs Ames Research Center, home of the Kepler project, and lead author of a paper being published in The Astronomical Journal, said the likelihood of the planets being rocky was 50 percent to 62 percent, depending on uncertainties
10、 in the size of its home star. Describing the planet during a news conference, Dr. Jenkins lapsed into lines from John Keatss poem On First Looking Into Chapmans Homer; “ Then felt I like some watcher of the skies/ When a new planet swims into his ken.（分数：2.00）_37.汉译英_38.据一份新调查显示，阿里巴巴、中国银行和华为，是中国学生梦
11、寐以求的公司。这项调查由北京的一家咨询公司发起，55 000 多名学生参与调查。结果显示，将近四分之一的学生希望在国际企业工作，只有 9的学生想在刚起步创业的公司工作，5的学生想要自己创业。学生们表示，平衡工作与生活是自己最重要的事业目标，其次是工作稳定性。至于说最理想的公司，中国银行连续七年来当选为商科学生最理想的公司。（分数：2.00）_39.孔子后半生离开官场，多年被迫流亡在外，一边教学，一边游玩。公元前 479 年孔子逝世时，其对后世的影响当时并不明显，但是他的学说后来却备受推崇。孔子的思想被中国的海外移民和商人传往亚洲其他国家，最终传到了美国。在洛杉矶的中国城里，有座楼供孩子们放学后
12、学习中文及中国文化。这座建筑名为孔子学院。（分数：2.00）_40.李克强说中国已经做好准备和美国携手合作应对气候变化问题，而开发包括核能在内的清洁能源是一条非常重要的途径。他补充道，中国政府会助力中美双方开展第三方市场核电合作，为全球可持续发展贡献力量。盖茨赞扬了中国积极应对气候变化，发展新能源产业取得的成就。他指出，美中两国企业强强联合，将有力加快技术创新和产业化进程，为全球特别是发展中国家实现可持续发展提供清洁、可靠、价格低廉的能源供给。（分数：2.00）_2016 年北京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：72.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：
13、60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.abusive translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：反常翻译；滥译)解析：3.domesticating translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：归化翻译)解析：4.expressive text（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：表达型文本)解析：5.exegetic translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：诠释性翻译)解析：6.interlingual translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：语际翻译)解析：7.instrumental transla
14、tion（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：工具翻译)解析：8.MAT（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：机器辅助翻译(Machineaided translation)解析：9.metatext（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：元文本)解析：10.parallel corpora（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：平行语料库)解析：11.prospective translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：前瞻式翻译)解析：12.prototext（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：原型文本)解析：13.pseudotranslation（分
15、数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：伪翻译)解析：14.third code（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：第三语码)解析：15.universals of translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：翻译普遍性)解析：16.untranslability（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：不可译性)解析：17.汉译英_解析：18.后瞻式翻译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：retrospective translation)解析：19.接受语（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：receptor language)解析：20.可比语料库（分数
16、：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：comparable corpora)解析：回译_正确答案：(正确答案：back translation)解析：22.描写翻译研究（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：descriptive translation studies)解析：冗余_正确答案：(正确答案：redundancy)解析：24.术语库（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：term banks)解析：25.同声传译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：simultaneous interpretation)解析：26.文化移植（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：cultu
17、ral transplant)解析：27.信息型文本（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：informative text)解析：28.异化翻译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：foreignizing translation)解析：29.要旨翻译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：gist translation)解析：30.译后编译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：compilative translation)解析：31.语义消歧（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：semantic disambiguation)解析：32.语用翻译（分数：2.00）_正确
18、答案：(正确答案：pragmatic translation)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：8，分数：12.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.Just as the top EU official for migration was urging the White House to be “more generous“ in accepting Syrian refugees, Paris was struck by a series of attacks that immediately boosted political opposition to his pitch. As in some
19、 other countries, the massacres have been co-opted by critics of refugee policy. The US in September agreed to accept 10,000 Syrian refugees over the next year, up from 1,500, under pressure from Europe. The fear that terrorists could enter the US masked as refugees was exacerbated after a Syrian pa
20、ssport was found near the body of one of the attackers. Many of the Republican presidential contenders and other party members now want the White House to scrap or defer the Syrian refugee programme.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 就在欧盟负责移民事务的高级官员敦促美国政府“更大方地”接收叙利亚难民之际，他的这一论调因巴黎遭受的一系列恐怖袭击而在顷刻之间面临更强烈的政治反对。像其他一些国
21、家一样，这一系列大屠杀在美国也成为难民政策批评者炒作的题材。09 月份，在欧洲的施压下，美国答应在接下来的一年里将接收叙利亚难民的数量从原先的 l500 名增加到 1 万名。在巴黎警方发现一名袭击者的尸体旁有一本叙利亚护照后，人们更加担心恐怖分子可能佯装成难民进入美国。目前，很多共和党总统参选人和其他党员都希望白宫取消或推迟收容 叙利亚难民的计划。)解析：解析： 本文选自时事评论作家 Demetri Sevastopulo 与 Barney Jopson 于 2015 年 11 月在金融时报上发表的一篇名为 Obama Criticizes RepublicansAnti-migrants S
22、tance 的时文。2015 年 11月 13 日，巴黎巴塔克兰剧院遭受恐怖袭击，事件造成至少 1 18 人死亡，一名歹徒的尸体旁出现一本叙利亚护照，继而影响了国际社会对叙利亚难民收容项目的态度。选段部分针对该事件阐述了美国的难民收容项目因这一系列事件而遭受的影响。在备考中考生要时刻关注国内外重大新闻事件，多参阅纽约时报金融时报等外文网站的相关社评，以这些材料为基础进行翻译练习。35.Sigmund Freud has been out of the scientific mainstream for so long, its easy to forget that in the early
23、20th century he was regarded as a towering man of sciencenot, as he is remembered today, as the founder of the marginalized form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. At the start of his career, he wanted to invent a “science of the mind“ , but the Victorian tools he had were too blunt for the task. S
24、o he dropped the “science“ part and had his patients lie on a couch, free-associating about childhood, dreams and fantasies. This technique yielded the revolutionary notion that the human mind was a soap opera of concealed lust and aggression, of dark motives, self-deception and dreams rife with hid
25、den meaning.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 西格蒙德.弗洛伊德脱离主流科学的时间已经太久了，所以我们很容易忘记，在20 世纪初，人们曾把他奉为科学界的翘楚而不像如今，大家只记得他创立的渐受冷落的心理分析疗法。从业之初，弗洛伊德希望创建一种“意识的科学”，但他所掌握的维多利亚时代的科学手段太过生硬，所以无法完成这样一项任务。因此，弗洛伊德放弃了“科学”，让他的患者躺在沙发上，围绕童年、梦境和臆想展开无拘无束的交流。这种疗法引出了一种革命性的观点，即：人的意识就是一部肥皂剧，既充斥着暗藏的欲望、敌对的心理，又充斥着邪恶的动机、自我欺骗和充满隐含意义的梦。)解析：解析： 本文
26、选自美国学者 Fred Guteri 在 Newsweek 上发表的名为 What Freud Got Right 的文章。文章在一定程度上从科学的角度肯定了弗洛伊德的精神分析理论，其中涉及相关的心理学专业词汇，考生在备考翻译硕士时，应广泛阅读，选择各个学科领域的经典材料进行翻译练习。36.The new planets size put it right on the edge between being rocky like Earth and being a fluffy gas ball like Neptune, according to according to studies o
27、f other such exoplanets. In an email, Jon Jenkins of NASAs Ames Research Center, home of the Kepler project, and lead author of a paper being published in The Astronomical Journal, said the likelihood of the planets being rocky was 50 percent to 62 percent, depending on uncertainties in the size of its home star. Describing the planet during a news conference, Dr. Jenkins lapsed into lines from John Keatss poem On First Looking Into Chapmans Homer; “ Then felt I like some watcher of the skie
