1、2014年山东大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.CIF（分数：2.00）_3.NASA（分数：2.00）_4.INTERPOL（分数：2.00）_5.QDII（分数：2.00）_6.Jerusalem（分数：2.00）_7.Christianity（分数：2.00）_8.migrant population（分数：2.00）_9.microbe（分数：2.00）_10.General Administration of Sport（分数：2.00）_11.gender parity（分数：2
2、.00）_12.Nobel Laureate（分数：2.00）_13.microfinance（分数：2.00）_14.International Maritime Organization（分数：2.00）_15.ALL-China Sports Federation（分数：2.00）_16.terra-cotta horses and warriors（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_18.针灸疗法（分数：2.00）_聘礼_20.儿童文学（分数：2.00）_21.普通法（分数：2.00）_22.双面绣（分数：2.00）_23.杂货商店（分数：2.00）_24.法律援助（分数：2.00）_2
3、5.学前儿童（分数：2.00）_26.小康社会（分数：2.00）_27.综合国力（分数：2.00）_28.三农工作（分数：2.00）_29.半导体（分数：2.00）_30.重症监护病房（分数：2.00）_网页_32.国有企业（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉_34.Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for th
4、e suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasyecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest o
5、f my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves lonelinessthat terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen,
6、in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is whatat lastI have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have
7、 wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds away above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.（分数：2.00）_35.汉译英_36.中国自身的古白话(vernacular)是何时开始转化为欧化的白话?这要归结为近代来华的西方传教士(missionary)，是他们创作了最早的欧化白话文。西方近代来华传教士最初所用的汉语，大都是文言。
8、但是他们运用汉语的目的既然是传教，而传教又是“在上帝面前人人平等”的，他们就必须照顾到文化水平较低，无法阅读文言的读者。中国的士大夫(literati)由于具有儒家信仰，对于基督教的传教，往往持抵制态度。这就促使西方传教士必须更加注意发展文化水平较低的信徒，用白话传教正是在这种状态下进入他们的视野。初期教会所译圣经，都注重于文言。但后来因为教友日益众多，文言圣经只能供少数人阅读，故由高深文言而变为浅近文言，再由浅近文言而变为官话土白。（分数：2.00）_2014年山东大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译
9、汉_解析：2.CIF（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：成本、保险加运费(cost，insurance and freight)解析：3.NASA（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)解析：4.INTERPOL（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国际刑警组织(International Criminal Police Organization)解析：5.QDII（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：合格境内机构投资者(Qualified Domestic Inst
10、itutional Investor)解析：6.Jerusalem（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：耶路撒冷)解析：7.Christianity（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：基督教)解析：8.migrant population（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：流动人口)解析：9.microbe（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：微生物)解析：10.General Administration of Sport（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国家体育总局)解析：11.gender parity（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：两性均等)解析：
11、12.Nobel Laureate（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：诺贝尔奖得主)解析：13.microfinance（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：微型金融)解析：14.International Maritime Organization（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国际海事组织)解析：15.ALL-China Sports Federation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：中华全国体育总会)解析：16.terra-cotta horses and warriors（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：兵马俑)解析：17.汉译英_解析：18.针
12、灸疗法（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：acupuncture therapy)解析：聘礼_正确答案：(正确答案：bride price)解析：20.儿童文学（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：childrens literature)解析：21.普通法（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：common law)解析：22.双面绣（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：two-sided embroidery)解析：23.杂货商店（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：grocery store)解析：24.法律援助（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：legal a
13、id)解析：25.学前儿童（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：preschool children)解析：26.小康社会（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：moderately prosperous society)解析：27.综合国力（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：overall national strength)解析：28.三农工作（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：work related to agriculture，rural areas，and farmers)解析：29.半导体（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：semiconductor)解析
14、：30.重症监护病房（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：ICU(Intensive Care Unit)解析：网页_正确答案：(正确答案：web page)解析：32.国有企业（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：state-owned enterprise)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unb
15、earable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasyecstasy so great that I would often have sacrif
16、iced all the rest of my life for a few hours for this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves lonelinessthat terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of
17、 love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is whatat lastI have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the he
18、arts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds away above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 对爱情的渴望，对知识的追求，对人类痛苦那令人难以平复的同情，这三种激情虽然质朴，却无比强烈，一直主宰着我的人生。这些激情宛若飓风，吹着我四处漂泊，狂狷不羁，越
19、过茫茫苦海，直抵绝望的边缘。 我寻求爱情，首先是因为爱情令人心醉神迷那种心醉神迷的感觉使我愿意用余生去换取哪怕几个小时这样的愉悦。我寻求爱情，还因为爱情可以缓解我的孤独感那种仿若站在世界的边缘，俯瞰面前那冰冷死寂的深渊的孤独感。我寻求爱情，因为爱在两情相悦时，仿佛看到了圣贤与诗人们所向往的天堂之景那是一种神奇的缩影。这正是我一生所寻求的，尽管它对于人生而言似乎太过美好，但我已经找到了终于找到了。 我以同样的激情追求知识，渴望理解人类的心灵，期望能理解为何星星会发光，我试图理解毕达哥拉斯的思想威力，即数字支配着万物流转。我已经悟出了其中的一点点道理，尽管并不是很多。)解析：解析： 本文选自英国哲
20、学家、逻辑学家、诺贝尔文学奖获得者伯特兰.罗素(Bertrand Russell)的自传序言我为何而活(What I Have Lived For)。这篇序言堪称散文的经典之作，概括了对主宰其一生的三种激情的执着和对人生的热爱，文采横溢、意味深长。35.汉译英_解析：36.中国自身的古白话(vernacular)是何时开始转化为欧化的白话?这要归结为近代来华的西方传教士(missionary)，是他们创作了最早的欧化白话文。西方近代来华传教士最初所用的汉语，大都是文言。但是他们运用汉语的目的既然是传教，而传教又是“在上帝面前人人平等”的，他们就必须照顾到文化水平较低，无法阅读文言的读者。中国的
21、士大夫(literati)由于具有儒家信仰，对于基督教的传教，往往持抵制态度。这就促使西方传教士必须更加注意发展文化水平较低的信徒，用白话传教正是在这种状态下进入他们的视野。初期教会所译圣经，都注重于文言。但后来因为教友日益众多，文言圣经只能供少数人阅读，故由高深文言而变为浅近文言，再由浅近文言而变为官话土白。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： When did the Chinese old vernacular in traditional writing turn into a Western-styled vernacular? We attribute its beginni
22、ng to the early writings of Christian missionaries who came to China during the modern times (usually known as from 1840 till 1949) . Those missionaries were the first to write in a European-styled vernacular Chinese. When they had first set foot on the Chinese soil, they also learned to use literar
23、y language for writing. However, the missionaries wrote for the purpose of spreading the gospel of Christ, and with the conviction that everyone is equal before God, they had to write for readers who were not well trained in Chinese classical language. Furthermore, as the literati class were staunch
24、 advocates of Confucius teachings, they were quite hostile to an alien religion. The missionaries, therefore, had to find receptors in the masses of not well trained in Chinese classical language. They saw the necessity of preaching in vernacularthe spoken language used by the rustic Chinese. The ea
25、rly Chinese versions of Bible translated by the church were most in the classical style. As the number of disciples grew larger, the wenyan version was only comprehensible to an elite few, so that new translations were made in simple wenyan, which was then replaced by vernacular Mandarin.)解析：解析： 本文选自袁进的论文重新审视欧化白话文的起源试论现代西方传教士对中国文学的影响。论文中介绍了近代西方传教士在传教的过程中是如何对中国的文言文产生影响的。袁进，江苏镇江人，毕业于华东师范大学中文系，现为复旦大学中文系教授，博士生导师，中国近代文学学会副会长兼秘书长，中国现代文学学会理事，主要著作有中国文学的近代变革上海近代文学史中国文学观念的近代变革中国小说的近代变革小说奇才张恨水传等。
