1、2014 年北京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：72.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.appeal-focused text（分数：2.00）_3.class shift（分数：2.00）_mission（分数：2.00）_5.transeme（分数：2.00）_6.restricted translation（分数：2.00）_7.low countries group（分数：2.00）_8.minimax principle（分数：2.00）_9.translation universals（分数：2.00）_10
2、.verbal consistence（分数：2.00）_11.concordance（分数：2.00）_12.caique（分数：2.00）_13.controlled language（分数：2.00）_14.prototype（分数：2.00）_15.modification（分数：2.00）_16.covert translation（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_18.自动翻译（分数：2.00）_19.中枢语言（分数：2.00）_连贯_21.子语言（分数：2.00）_22.可修正性（分数：2.00）_23.形式对应（分数：2.00）_24.地道翻译（分数：2.00）_规范_26.语
3、料库（分数：2.00）_27.异国情调（分数：2.00）_重写_29.法庭传译（分数：2.00）_30.巴别塔（分数：2.00）_31.内罗毕宣言（分数：2.00）_释译_二、英汉互译(总题数：8，分数：12.00)33.英译汉_34.“War is a mere continuation of politics by other means, “ Prussian theorist Karl Von Clausewitz wrote. Today, bankingbroadly defined as lending and borrowing money through institutio
4、ns and bond marketsis a continuation of politics, or war, by other means. In the 20th century, Germany wielded power over European neighbors through brute military force. In the 21st century, Germany, abetted by France, uses its influence with the European Central Bank and the European Union to dict
5、ate terms to Greece and other weak nations. And the effort to halt Iran“s march to nuclear prominence relies as much on the international banking system“s willingness and ability to enforce financial sanctions as it does on the threat of bombs.（分数：2.00）_35.Its foreign policy is becoming not so much
6、Islamic as Ottoman, reestablishing a sphere of influence it had for 400 years. Abdullah Guel, Turkey“s sophisticated president, explains that while Turkey remains resolutely a part of the West, it is increasingly influential in the Middle East, Central Asia, and beyond. “Turkey is becoming a source
7、of inspiration for other countries in the region, “ he said to me while in New York last week.（分数：2.00）_36.It is impossible to emphasize too strongly the necessity for forming correct habits in flying straight and level. All other flight maneuvers are in essence a deviation from this fundamental fli
8、ght maneuver. Many flight instructors and students are prone to believe that perfection in straight-and-level flight will come of itself, but such is not the case. It is not uncommon to find a pilot whose basic flying ability consistently falls just short of minimum expected standards, and upon anal
9、yzing the reasons for the shortcomings to discover that the cause is the inability to fly straight and level properly. Straight-and-level flight is flight in which a constant heading and altitude are maintained. It is accomplished by making immediate and measured corrections for deviations in direct
10、ion and altitude from unintentional slight turns, descents, and climbs.（分数：2.00）_37.汉译英_38.中国载人航天工程新闻发言人武平表示，载人航天工程实施以来，中国先后与世界上多个国家、地区和国际组织开展了广泛的合作与交流，在航天医学、空间科学实验、航天员选拔训练等领域均开展过务实合作。她说，中国愿与各国一起，共同推动世界载人航天技术发展，为和平利用太空、造福全人类做出更加积极的贡献。（分数：2.00）_39.随着致青春票房告捷，人们再次怀念起青春那个载满激情与痛苦，希望与心碎交织的年代。人们之所以对青春情有独钟，
11、是因为它难以捉摸，直到逝去之后才看清它的真面目。大家普遍认为，我们的选择成就了现在的我们。一个人选此非彼，人们总是认为“总会有更好的道路”。所以他们回首过去，微笑着叹息。（分数：2.00）_40.中国时髦热词“tuhao”(土豪)明年有望被收入牛津英语词典。在中文中，“土”意为粗野，“豪”意为富有，习惯上常用来指那些在中国农村权势欺人的人。近年来，动漫作品和游戏玩家借用该词来形容那些大手大脚、挥霍钱财的人。现在网络社区也常用该词来指那些财大气粗却缺乏相应品味的人。（分数：2.00）_2014 年北京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：72.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(
12、总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.appeal-focused text（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：呼吁型文本)解析：3.class shift（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：词类转换)解析：mission（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：委托)解析：5.transeme（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：译素)解析：6.restricted translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：受限翻译)解析：7.low countries group（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：低地国家学派)解析：8.mini
13、max principle（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：最小最大原则)解析：9.translation universals（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：翻译共性)解析：10.verbal consistence（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：词语一致)解析：11.concordance（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：一致性)解析：12.caique（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：伪造)解析：13.controlled language（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：受控语言)解析：14.prototype（分数：2.00）_正确
14、答案：(正确答案：原型)解析：15.modification（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：调整)解析：16.covert translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：隐形翻译)解析：17.汉译英_解析：18.自动翻译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：automatic translation)解析：19.中枢语言（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：pivot language)解析：连贯_正确答案：(正确答案：coherence)解析：21.子语言（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：sublanguage)解析：22.可修正性（分数：2.00
15、）_正确答案：(正确答案：correctability)解析：23.形式对应（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：formal correspondence)解析：24.地道翻译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：idiomatic translation)解析：规范_正确答案：(正确答案：norm)解析：26.语料库（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：corpora)解析：27.异国情调（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：exoticism)解析：重写_正确答案：(正确答案：rewriting)解析：29.法庭传译（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：court i
16、nterpreting)解析：30.巴别塔（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Tower of Babel)解析：31.内罗毕宣言（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Nairobi Declaration)解析：释译_正确答案：(正确答案：paraphrase)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：8，分数：12.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.“War is a mere continuation of politics by other means, “ Prussian theorist Karl Von Clausewitz wrote. Today, bankingbroadly
17、defined as lending and borrowing money through institutions and bond marketsis a continuation of politics, or war, by other means. In the 20th century, Germany wielded power over European neighbors through brute military force. In the 21st century, Germany, abetted by France, uses its influence with
18、 the European Central Bank and the European Union to dictate terms to Greece and other weak nations. And the effort to halt Iran“s march to nuclear prominence relies as much on the international banking system“s willingness and ability to enforce financial sanctions as it does on the threat of bombs
19、.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 普鲁士理论家卡尔冯克劳塞维茨写道：“战争不过是政治通过其他方式的延续”。今天，银行业广义上是通过政府机构和债券市场进行借贷的机构，是政治或战争通过其他方式的延续。20 世纪，德国粗暴地使用武力对欧洲邻国耀武扬威。21 世纪，德国在法国的煽动下利用它在欧洲央行和欧盟的影响力给希腊和其他弱国发号施令。要阻止伊朗走向一个核大国，很大程度上要看国际银行系统是否乐意并有能力对其实施财政制裁，就像对待实施核爆炸一样。)解析：35.Its foreign policy is becoming not so much Islamic as Ottoman, ree
20、stablishing a sphere of influence it had for 400 years. Abdullah Guel, Turkey“s sophisticated president, explains that while Turkey remains resolutely a part of the West, it is increasingly influential in the Middle East, Central Asia, and beyond. “Turkey is becoming a source of inspiration for othe
21、r countries in the region, “ he said to me while in New York last week.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 它的外交政策并没有土耳其人那么多的伊斯兰色彩，而且还恢复了过去 400 年间的影响力。土耳其精明的总统阿卜杜拉居尔解释称，土耳其固然是西方的一部分，但它在中东、中亚以及以外地区的影响力与日俱增。上周他在纽约时对我说：“土耳其正在成为该区域其他国家受以鼓舞的榜样。”)解析：36.It is impossible to emphasize too strongly the necessity for forming
22、 correct habits in flying straight and level. All other flight maneuvers are in essence a deviation from this fundamental flight maneuver. Many flight instructors and students are prone to believe that perfection in straight-and-level flight will come of itself, but such is not the case. It is not u
23、ncommon to find a pilot whose basic flying ability consistently falls just short of minimum expected standards, and upon analyzing the reasons for the shortcomings to discover that the cause is the inability to fly straight and level properly. Straight-and-level flight is flight in which a constant
24、heading and altitude are maintained. It is accomplished by making immediate and measured corrections for deviations in direction and altitude from unintentional slight turns, descents, and climbs.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 飞行员要养成直线平稳飞行的习惯再怎么强调都不为过。所有的机动飞行科目根本上来说都与这个最基础的飞行动作有偏差。许多飞行教员和学生都更容易认为达到完美的直线平稳飞行是
25、水到渠成的事情，不能强求，但实际情况并不是这样。有的飞行员就是因为没有制定最低期望标准，基本的飞行能力持续下降，这种情况并不少见。然后一分析毛病的原因，就会发现是因为没有能力正确地直线平稳飞行。直线平稳飞行是飞行员应当坚持的努力方向和高度，通过对飞行员在方向和高度上的偏差进行及时和慎重的纠正，以防无意识地让飞机轻微转向，下降以及爬升。)解析：37.汉译英_解析：38.中国载人航天工程新闻发言人武平表示，载人航天工程实施以来，中国先后与世界上多个国家、地区和国际组织开展了广泛的合作与交流，在航天医学、空间科学实验、航天员选拔训练等领域均开展过务实合作。她说，中国愿与各国一起，共同推动世界载人航天
26、技术发展，为和平利用太空、造福全人类做出更加积极的贡献。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Wuping, spokesman of China“s manned space flight engineering, said that since the engineering was launched, China has conducted broad cooperation and exchanges with many countries, regions and international organizations worldwide. We have made practical cooperation in fields like aerospace medicine, space scientific experiment, the selection and training of astronauts. She said, China would like, together with other countries, to promote the development of world manned space tec
