1、2014 年中国科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：68.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.cruise missile（分数：2.00）_3.probation period（分数：2.00）_4.mandatory planning（分数：2.00）_5.terrestrial and marine ecosystems（分数：2.00）_6.cross-infection（分数：2.00）_7.offshore drilling（分数：2.00）_8.financial derivative（分数：2.00）_9.arms
2、 embargo（分数：2.00）_10.subhealthy（分数：2.00）_11.euthanasia（分数：2.00）_munications optical cable（分数：2.00）_13.cast off illiteracy（分数：2.00）_14.diplomatic asylum（分数：2.00）_15.Achilles heel（分数：2.00）_16.Birds of a feather flock together.（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_18.追星族（分数：2.00）_19.三分钟热度（分数：2.00）_20.技术职称（分数：2.00）_21.市场导向（
3、分数：2.00）_22.语音识别（分数：2.00）_23.制空权（分数：2.00）_24.质量认证体系（分数：2.00）_25.职能转换（分数：2.00）_26.追究责任（分数：2.00）_27.讲义气（分数：2.00）_28.工业停滞（分数：2.00）_29.行业中的龙头老大（分数：2.00）_30.制止中国外汇流失（分数：2.00）_31.质量第一，顾客至上（分数：2.00）_32.使中国经济与国际接轨（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉_34.A man may usually be known by the books he reads as we
4、ll as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most pa
5、tient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. Men often discover their affinity to each other by the mutual love they ha
6、ve for a book. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.“ But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.“ The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together. A good book is often
7、the best urn (在此译为“宝器”) of a life enshrining (珍藏)the best that life could think out; for the world of a mans life is, for the most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companio
8、ns and comforters. Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors minds, ages ago. Wh
9、at was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.（分数：2.00）_35.The only solid pieces of scientific truth about which I feel totall
10、y confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment to be told by any of us how lit
11、tle we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either pretended to understand how things worked or ig
12、nored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions
13、we can think up that cant be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up, ever, and therefore there may well be limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Within our limits, we should be able
14、 to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention.（分数：2.00）_36.汉译英_37.一个婴儿刚出生就夭折了。一个老人寿终正寝了。一个中年人暴亡了。他们的灵魂在去天国的途中相遇。 婴儿对老人说：“上帝太不公平，你活了这么久，而我却等于没活过。我失去了整整一辈子。” 老人回答：“你几乎不算得到了生命，所以也就谈不上失去。谁得到生命的赐予最多，死时失去的也最多。长寿非福也。” 中年人叫了起来：“有谁比我惨!你们一个无所谓活不活，一个已经活够数，我却死在正当年，
15、把生命曾经赐予的和将要赐予的都失去了。” 一个声音在头顶响起： “众生啊，那已经逝去的和未曾到来的都不属于你们，你们有什么可失去的呢?” 三个灵魂齐声喊道：“主啊，难道我们中间没有一个最不幸的人吗?”上帝答道：“最不幸的人不止一个，你们全是，因为你们全都自以为所失最多。谁受这个念头折磨，谁的确就是最不幸的人。”（分数：2.00）_38.中国同迅速上涨的房价做斗争已经很久了，但其中令人不快的真相是：买得起房的中国人越来越少，尤其在大城市。如果以可支配收入来衡量，北京的房价超过了英国和日本。 今年 9 月，中国的房价同比上涨近 9，涨幅创 3 年来新高，中国通过限购第二套房等措施来给市场降温的努力
16、毫无成效。究其原因在于不同层级的政府间存在利益之争。中央政府担心的是，如果很多中国人买不起房，社会可能出现动荡。因此最高层的目标是：房子必须是人们买得起的。但地方政府的看法不同，出让建筑用地是其重要的收入来源，地方政府不希望房价下跌。问题最严重的是首都北京和金融中心上海，好的工作机会吸引着越来越多的人到那里去。（分数：2.00）_2014 年中国科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案解析(总分：68.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.cruise missile（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：巡航导弹)解析：3.probatio
17、n period（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：试用期)解析：4.mandatory planning（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：指令性计划)解析：5.terrestrial and marine ecosystems（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：陆地和海洋生态系统)解析：6.cross-infection（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：交叉感染)解析：7.offshore drilling（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：海底钻探)解析：8.financial derivative（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：金融衍生产品)解
18、析：9.arms embargo（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：武器禁运)解析：10.subhealthy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：亚健康)解析：11.euthanasia（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：安乐死)解析：munications optical cable（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：通信光缆)解析：13.cast off illiteracy（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：摆脱文盲)解析：14.diplomatic asylum（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：外交庇护)解析：15.Achilles heel（分数
19、：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：阿基里斯的脚后跟(寓意：一个强大人物的弱点)解析：16.Birds of a feather flock together.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：物以类聚(一丘之貉)解析：17.汉译英_解析：18.追星族（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：idolater)解析：19.三分钟热度（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：three-minute passion)解析：20.技术职称（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：technical titles)解析：21.市场导向（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：market o
20、rientation)解析：22.语音识别（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Automatic Speech Recognition(ASR)解析：23.制空权（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：air domination)解析：24.质量认证体系（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：quality certification system)解析：25.职能转换（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：transformation of functions)解析：26.追究责任（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：call to account)解析：27.讲义气（分数
21、：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：personal loyalty)解析：28.工业停滞（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：industrial stagnation)解析：29.行业中的龙头老大（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：leading enterprise)解析：30.制止中国外汇流失（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：block the losses of Chinas foreign exchange)解析：31.质量第一，顾客至上（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：quality first, customers supreme)解析：32.使中国经
22、济与国际接轨（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：integrate Chinas economy with the international standards)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the be
23、st company, whether it be of books or of men. A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us
24、 with the same kindness; amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. Men often discover their affinity to each other by the mutual love they have for a book. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog.“ But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book.“ T
25、he book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together. A good book is often the best urn (在此译为“宝器”) of a life enshrining (珍藏)the best that life could think out; for the world of a mans life is, for th
26、e most part, but the world of his thoughts. Thus the best books are treasuries of good words, the golden thoughts, which, remembered and cherished, become our constant companions and comforters. Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Templ
27、es and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their authors minds, ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been t
28、o sift out the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 通常，我们既可以通过一个人所阅读的书籍，也可以通过他所结交的朋友，来了解他的为人，因为人们不仅彼此结伴，而且还跟书籍结伴。无论所结交的是人还是书，人生总该时常有良师益友才行。 一部好书可以成为我们的莫逆之交，它过去、现在、将来对我们始终如一。好书是最有耐性并最令人愉快的朋友。即使在我们穷困潦倒或悲哀痛苦之际，也不会背弃我们。它待人和蔼，始终不渝。它在我们青春年少之时给我们以快乐和教诲，在我们黄昏暮年之时给我们以慰藉和同情。 人们常常由于对某本书的共同兴趣而互相亲近起来。俗话说：“爱屋及乌”。而“爱吾及书”却更有道理。书籍是一种更忠实、更高尚的友谊的纽带。人们可以通过共同喜爱的作者而趋于思想一致、感情一致、互相同情。读者由于对作者产生共鸣而结成一体。 一部好书经常是人生的宝器，里面珍藏着一
