1、2013年重庆大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_2.OPEC（分数：2.00）_3.GNP（分数：2.00）_4.SOHO（分数：2.00）_5.CBD（分数：2.00）_6.non-governmental organization（分数：2.00）_7.air pollution index（分数：2.00）_8.European debt crisis（分数：2.00）_9.fiscal cliff（分数：2.00）_10.middle income trap（分数：2.00）_11.cu
2、ltural deficit（分数：2.00）_12.market entry（分数：2.00）_13.spot trade（分数：2.00）_14.international litigation（分数：2.00）_15.source language（分数：2.00）_16.domesticating translation（分数：2.00）_17.汉译英_18.文化市场（分数：2.00）_19.创新型国家（分数：2.00）_20.环保产业（分数：2.00）_21.私营经济（分数：2.00）_22.综合国力（分数：2.00）_23.存款准备金率（分数：2.00）_24.反倾销（分数：2.0
3、0）_25.法律援助（分数：2.00）_微博_高铁_28.农民工（分数：2.00）_29.诗经（分数：2.00）_编钟_针灸_32.当地派出所（分数：2.00）_二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉_34.Last week, the Pew Research Center released a report called “The Rise of Asian Americans, “ offering a portrait seemingly full of good news. Asian Americans, Pew said, are on the whole mor
4、e educated, affluent and happier than other Americans. They hew more strongly to family values and an ethic of hard work. And, quietly, these 17 million Asian Americans have surpassed Hispanics as the largest and fastest-growing cohort of immigrants to the U. S.The report made headlines everywhere:
5、“Asian Top of the Immigration Class“ was a typical one. The leading advocacy groups for Asian Americans were silent for a beat. Then they decried the report. It was “disparaging, “ “shallow, “ “disturbing“. It perpetuated a patronizing stereotype of Asians as dutiful nerds, a “model minority“. It ov
6、erlooked the true cultural diversity of the Asian population and obscured the struggles and pain of countless Asians.Rarely in either the Pew report or in the advocates“ responses was this possibility raised: both the good and the bad could be true at the same time.Welcome to race in America. It may
7、 be 2012, and we may have a black President, but public discussion of race remains inexorably, insanely binary. American race talk used to be literally black-and-white, leaving no room for other colors. Now the problem is it“s figuratively black-and-white. For all our rainbow multiculturalism, there
8、 are still basically two choicesin or out, mainstream or opposition, powerful or powerless. Sometimes the labels white and black are used, but they signify more than hue or actual demographythey signify polarity and any cognitive dissonance must be resolved to one or the other.This is why those Asia
9、n-American advocates felt they had to blast the Pew report. When forced by the media to choose between telling an achievement story or an injustice storyIs yellow white or black?they felt compelled to choose the latter. That“s understandable. There is privation and injustice in Asian Americafrom hig
10、h poverty among Hmong(苗族)refugees to forgotten elders in Chinatown to the health struggles of Pacific Islandersand if activists privileged enough to have a voice use it to express complacency or self-congratulation, then they aren“t doing their job.（分数：2.00）_35.汉译英_36.经济发展必须与环境保护相协调。经济发展是人类自身生存和进步所必
11、需，也是保护和改善地球环境的物质保证。对许多发展中国家来说，发展经济、消除贫困是当前的首要任务。在解决全球环境问题时，应充分考虑发展中国家的这种合理的迫切的需要。国际社会应该作出切实努力，改善发展中国家在债务、贸易、资金等领域面临的困难处境，促进其经济发展。同时，各国的经济发展不能脱离环境的承受能力，应该实行保持生态系统良性循环的发展战略，实现经济建设和环境保护的协调发展。 保护环境和发展离不开世界的和平与稳定。在推进世界环境保护和发展事业的同时，各国应致力于本国的稳定，维护地区与世界的和平，通过谈判和平解决一切争端，反对诉诸武力或以武力相威胁。（分数：2.00）_2013年重庆大学英语翻译基
12、础真题试卷答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉_解析：2.OPEC（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：石油输出国组织)解析：3.GNP（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国民生产总值)解析：4.SOHO（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：在家上班族)解析：5.CBD（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：中央商务区)解析：6.non-governmental organization（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：非政府组织)解析：7.air pollution index（分数：2.00）_正
13、确答案：(正确答案：空气污染指数)解析：8.European debt crisis（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：欧洲债务危机)解析：9.fiscal cliff（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：财政悬崖)解析：10.middle income trap（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：中等收入陷阱)解析：11.cultural deficit（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：文化逆差)解析：12.market entry（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：市场准入)解析：13.spot trade（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：现货贸易)解
14、析：14.international litigation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：国际诉讼)解析：15.source language（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：源语言)解析：16.domesticating translation（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：归化翻译)解析：17.汉译英_解析：18.文化市场（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：cultural market)解析：19.创新型国家（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：innovationoriented country)解析：20.环保产业（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(
15、正确答案：environmental protection industry)解析：21.私营经济（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：private economy)解析：22.综合国力（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：comprehensive national strength)解析：23.存款准备金率（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：deposit-reserve ratio)解析：24.反倾销（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：antidumping)解析：25.法律援助（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：legal aid)解析：微博_正确答案：(正
16、确答案：microblog)解析：高铁_正确答案：(正确答案：highspeed rail)解析：28.农民工（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：rural migrant worker)解析：29.诗经（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：the Book of Songs)解析：编钟_正确答案：(正确答案：chime)解析：针灸_正确答案：(正确答案：acupunture)解析：32.当地派出所（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：local police station)解析：二、英汉互译(总题数：4，分数：4.00)33.英译汉_解析：34.Last week, the
17、Pew Research Center released a report called “The Rise of Asian Americans, “ offering a portrait seemingly full of good news. Asian Americans, Pew said, are on the whole more educated, affluent and happier than other Americans. They hew more strongly to family values and an ethic of hard work. And,
18、quietly, these 17 million Asian Americans have surpassed Hispanics as the largest and fastest-growing cohort of immigrants to the U. S.The report made headlines everywhere: “Asian Top of the Immigration Class“ was a typical one. The leading advocacy groups for Asian Americans were silent for a beat.
19、 Then they decried the report. It was “disparaging, “ “shallow, “ “disturbing“. It perpetuated a patronizing stereotype of Asians as dutiful nerds, a “model minority“. It overlooked the true cultural diversity of the Asian population and obscured the struggles and pain of countless Asians.Rarely in
20、either the Pew report or in the advocates“ responses was this possibility raised: both the good and the bad could be true at the same time.Welcome to race in America. It may be 2012, and we may have a black President, but public discussion of race remains inexorably, insanely binary. American race t
21、alk used to be literally black-and-white, leaving no room for other colors. Now the problem is it“s figuratively black-and-white. For all our rainbow multiculturalism, there are still basically two choicesin or out, mainstream or opposition, powerful or powerless. Sometimes the labels white and blac
22、k are used, but they signify more than hue or actual demographythey signify polarity and any cognitive dissonance must be resolved to one or the other.This is why those Asian-American advocates felt they had to blast the Pew report. When forced by the media to choose between telling an achievement s
23、tory or an injustice storyIs yellow white or black?they felt compelled to choose the latter. That“s understandable. There is privation and injustice in Asian Americafrom high poverty among Hmong(苗族)refugees to forgotten elders in Chinatown to the health struggles of Pacific Islandersand if activists
24、 privileged enough to have a voice use it to express complacency or self-congratulation, then they aren“t doing their job.（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案： 上周，皮尤研究中心发布了一篇报道名为亚裔美国人的崛起，写得貌似还是好消息。该中心称：“亚裔美国人总体上比其他美国人接受教育程度高、更富裕而且更幸福。他们更注重家庭观念以及努力工作的道德规范。而且这 1 700万亚裔美国人悄无声息地超过了拉丁裔美国人，成为美国人数最多、增长最快的移民群体。” 这篇报道成为各地的头
25、条，其中一个典型的标题就是：“亚裔雄踞移民阶层榜首”。亚裔美国人的主要维权团体一开始都隐忍不发，接着他们谴责这篇报道，称它“诽谤”、“肤浅”、“令人不安”。它仍然持有一种高高在上的态度，刻板地把亚裔看作是本分的书呆子，称之为“模范少数族裔”，它忽视了亚洲人群的文化多样性，掩盖了无数亚洲人的辛劳与痛苦。 不管是皮尤报告还是维权团体的反应中很少出现这样的可能性：好的坏的可能同时都会有。 这就是美国的种族问题。现在或许是 2012年，我们还可以有一位黑人总统，但是公众对于种族的讨论仍然冷酷而又无可救药，坚持非黑即白。美国过去都是在字面上讨论黑与白，毫无其他颜色种族的余地。现在的问题是象征性地在谈论黑
26、与白。尽管我们有丰富多彩的多元文化，但基本上还是两种选择流行或过时，主流或非主流，强势或弱势。有时也会用上黑白的标签，但代表的不仅仅是肤色或是人口划分，而是表示两种对立，必须解决认知上的误区，不是属于这一极就是属于那一极。 所以亚裔的维权团体认为必须批评皮尤的报道。媒体强迫他们讲述成功的故事或不公的故事也就是回答黄色、白色还是黑色的时候他们不得已要选择后者。这是可以理解的。在亚裔美国人中也有穷困和不公在唐人街有极端贫困的苗族难民，也有被人遗忘的老人，还有为健康而挣扎的太平洋岛国的人们，如果享有特权的活动分子借此发表意见，表达自己的自满以及沾沾自喜，那么他们就是在其位，不谋其职。)解析：35.汉
27、译英_解析：36.经济发展必须与环境保护相协调。经济发展是人类自身生存和进步所必需，也是保护和改善地球环境的物质保证。对许多发展中国家来说，发展经济、消除贫困是当前的首要任务。在解决全球环境问题时，应充分考虑发展中国家的这种合理的迫切的需要。国际社会应该作出切实努力，改善发展中国家在债务、贸易、资金等领域面临的困难处境，促进其经济发展。同时，各国的经济发展不能脱离环境的承受能力，应该实行保持生态系统良性循环的发展战略，实现经济建设和环境保护的协调发展。 保护环境和发展离不开世界的和平与稳定。在推进世界环境保护和发展事业的同时，各国应致力于本国的稳定，维护地区与世界的和平，通过谈判和平解决一切争
28、端，反对诉诸武力或以武力相威胁。（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Economic development must coordinate with environmental protection. It is a must for human“s existence and progress and also provides material support for the protection and improvement of global environment. The primary task of developing countries is to develop economy and eliminate poverty. Thus when solving the environmental problem in the world, we should take adequate consideration to the reasonable and urgent need o
