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    【学历类职业资格】语言与文化自考题模拟8及答案解析.doc

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    【学历类职业资格】语言与文化自考题模拟8及答案解析.doc

    1、语言与文化自考题模拟 8及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)1.“李宁运动服“ is a brand name _.(分数:1.00)A.after a flowerB.after the designer or manufacturerC.after a placeD.after the craftsman2.In British English, the letter “i“ in the word “mobile“ is pronounced as _. A. ? B. ? C. D. (分数:1.00)A.B.C.D.3.The following words are

    2、 neutral in meaning in English EXCEPT _.(分数:1.00)A.capitalistB.self-made manC.landlordD.boss4.In English all the prefixes are _ morphemes.(分数:1.00)A.inflectionalB.grammaticalC.derivationalD.implicit5.A strong alcoholic liquor distilled from various grains is called _.(分数:1.00)A.brandyB.cocktailC.whi

    3、skyD.flavourings6._ can be used as a title for an English woman whose marital status is unknown or is not indicated.(分数:1.00)A.Mrs.B.Ms.C.MissD.Madam7.The word “international“ consists of _ morphemes.(分数:1.00)A.2B.3C.4D.58.The allusion “to kick off“ is derived from _.(分数:1.00)A.baseballB.footballC.b

    4、oxingD.rugby9.The idiom “to keep one“s nose clean“ roughly con-esponds to “_“ in Chinese.(分数:1.00)A.保持鼻子干净B.保持一身清白C.继续努力学习D.各不相干10.A person or thing suddenly lifted from obscurity to honour or significance can be referred to as a _.(分数:1.00)A.CinderellaB.CleopatraC.RomeoD.Don Juan11.“Fat-cakes“ is a

    5、 loan word from _.(分数:1.00)A.FrenchB.GermanC.LatinD.Chinese12.“That young man is _ at mathematics“ means “that young man is good at mathematics“.(分数:1.00)A.an owlB.an elephantC.a bearD.a lion13.“_“ is a symbol of respectful reception or attention.(分数:1.00)A.The red capB.The red carpetC.The red lette

    6、rD.The red tape14.“_“, with possessive pronouns, is used in addressing or referring to a king, queen or emperor.(分数:1.00)A.ExcellencyB.MajestyC.RoyalD.Honourable15.In both English and Chinese excreta and the acts of human excretion are _ in polite conversation.(分数:1.00)A.usefulB.taboosC.properD.hono

    7、urifics16.They are characteristics of oral English EXCEPT _.(分数:1.00)A.the speaker is often less explicit than the writerB.there are many heavily premodified noun phrasesC.passives are rareD.the speaker may replace or refine expressions as he goes along17.Inductive argumentation means that the suppo

    8、rting information is given before _.(分数:1.00)A.the detailsB.the factsC.the requestD.the main thesis18.Chinese textual connectives are used _ English.(分数:1.00)A.more frequently thanB.less frequently thanC.as often asD.in the same way as19.American English and _ English are two varieties of the Englis

    9、h language and they are of equal status.(分数:1.00)A.CanadianB.AustralianC.New ZealandicD.British20._ technique is used to replace felt emotions with emotions thought to be more appropriate.(分数:1.00)A.MaskingB.NeutralizingC.IntensifyingD.Deintensifying21.When English speakers receive a gift, they alwa

    10、ys _.(分数:1.00)A.unwrap it in the giver“s presenceB.unwrap it without the giver“s presenceC.say a few good words about itD.say nothing about it22.In English culture the general rule is to introduce _.(分数:1.00)A.a young person to an older oneB.a man to a womanC.an inferior to a superiorD.the host to t

    11、he guest23.When John Smith picks up the phone, he may say “_“(分数:1.00)A.Hello. This is John speaking.B.Hello.C.Who“s calling, please?D.Good morning. John Smith here.24.A news report normally consists of _.(分数:1.00)A.a headlineB.a leadC.a subtitleD.a story25.In relation to vocative and culture, which

    12、 of the following statements does Not cover the truth in life?(分数:1.00)A.Both in English and Chinese “mother“, “father“, “grandmother“ and “grandfather“ are normally used alone as forms of address.B.In English “uncle“ and “aunt“ are seldom used together with the addressee“s given name.C.Both in Engl

    13、ish and Chinese, there are a large quantity of vocatives available to address to strangers.D.Some vocatives used to address to strangers are more extensively used in the United Kingdom than in the United States.26.“Having the blues“ means _ mood.(分数:1.00)A.a satisfiedB.a sadC.a gloomyD.a depressed27

    14、._ are usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culture.(分数:1.00)A.Age and incomeB.Love and marriageC.Political and religious beliefsD.Personal opinions about political affairs28.The U.K. is more past-oriented than _.(分数:1.00)A.ChinaB.AustraliaC.New ZealandD.the U.S.A.29.Wh

    15、en _ change, the speakers“ speaking styles vary.(分数:1.00)A.one“s interlocutorsB.the topicC.the settingD.the environment30._ prefer to have prolonged eye contact while conversing.(分数:1.00)A.EnglishmenB.AmericansC.AustraliansD.Chinese31.Language is the 1 and container of culture. (分数:2.00)32.Each cult

    16、ure develops a particular way of 1 favoured by a particular population. (分数:2.00)33.Given names used as vocatives suggest 1 between the addresser and the addressee. (分数:2.00)34.The idiom “to love at first sight“ roughly corresponds to “ 1“ in Chinese. (分数:2.00)35.The English proverbial equivalent fo

    17、r “金无足赤,人无完人“ is “ 1“. (分数:2.00)36.Similes and metaphors must have two components: the tenor and the 1. (分数:2.00)37.In English a developing country is used to refer to a poor country. Here “a developing country“ is a 1. (分数:2.00)38.The phrase in British English for “单程票“ is 1. (分数:2.00)39.The Englis

    18、h idiom 1 corresponds to “帅哥“, “靓女“ in Chinese. (分数:2.00)40.Nonverbal communication is used to convey 1 to others and receive messages from others. (分数:2.00)41.What is logical thinking? (分数:3.00)_42.How will you explain the contrast of explicit grammar in English and implicit grammar in Chinese? (分数

    19、:3.00)_43.What is the English equivalent for “黑信“ ? (分数:3.00)_44.What are the major differences between English and Chinese descriptive texts? (分数:3.00)_45.You are expecting too much of him. He is still green to his job. (分数:3.00)_46.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye. (

    20、分数:3.00)_47.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability (分数:3.00)_48.您有何贵干? (分数:3.00)_49.黄道吉日 (分数:3.00)_50.你的英语说得很好。 哪里,哪里。 (分数:3.00)_51.What are the contrasts between English and Chinese compliments and responses? (分数:10.00)_52.What are the cross-cultural contrasts underlying swear wor

    21、ds in Chinese and English? (分数:10.00)_语言与文化自考题模拟 8答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)1.“李宁运动服“ is a brand name _.(分数:1.00)A.after a flowerB.after the designer or manufacturer C.after a placeD.after the craftsman解析:考点 本题主要考查品牌名称的来源。 在中国现代文化中,品牌和广告是市场经济的必要部分。近几年来,用设计者或厂商的名字命名的产品也在商业广告中出现,如“周林频谱仪”和“李宁运动服”等。这是受西

    22、方文化的影响。2.In British English, the letter “i“ in the word “mobile“ is pronounced as _. A. ? B. ? C. D. (分数:1.00)A.B.C. D.解析:考点 本题主要考查美国英语和英语英语在发音上的区别。 字母 i在英国英语和美国英语中发音不同,当 i在 le之前时,英音读作 ,而美音读作 ? 或 3.The following words are neutral in meaning in English EXCEPT _.(分数:1.00)A.capitalistB.self-made man C.

    23、landlordD.boss解析:考点 本题主要考查英语词汇的内涵意义。 landlord,capitalist,boss 这些词都使中国人想起 1949年以前的旧中国,但对于在资本主义制度下生活的人们来说,并不如此。这些词在讲英语的国家属于中性词。self-made man 对讲英语的人来说是正面意义的词,具有褒义色彩,强调独立性。4.In English all the prefixes are _ morphemes.(分数:1.00)A.inflectionalB.grammaticalC.derivational D.implicit解析:考点 本题主要考查对语法词素的了解。 词素可

    24、以分为屈折词素(inflectional morphemes)和派生词素(derivational morphemes)两大类。英语中的屈折词素多是出现在词尾的词缀。屈折词素表达数、格、时态、语态、语气等语法范畴。英语中的前缀都是派生词素。5.A strong alcoholic liquor distilled from various grains is called _.(分数:1.00)A.brandyB.cocktailC.whisky D.flavourings解析:考点 本题主要考查反映英语国家生活方式的词汇。 用几种不同粮食蒸馏提取的烈性酒叫威士忌(whisky)。6._ ca

    25、n be used as a title for an English woman whose marital status is unknown or is not indicated.(分数:1.00)A.Mrs.B.Ms. C.MissD.Madam解析:考点 本题主要考查英文里的头衔。 英文里,最常见的头衔有:Mr.,Mrs.,Miss,Ms。其中,Ms.指婚姻状况不明的女士。7.The word “international“ consists of _ morphemes.(分数:1.00)A.2B.3 C.4D.5解析:考点 本题主要考查对词素的了解。 词素是语言最小的意义单位。

    26、单词“international”包含 3个词素(inter+nation+al)。因此,B 项符合题意。8.The allusion “to kick off“ is derived from _.(分数:1.00)A.baseballB.football C.boxingD.rugby解析:考点 本题主要考查对与体育有关的典故的理解。 to kick off指开始活动或讨论等,或者开始某事的行为,起源于足球,原意为“开球”。9.The idiom “to keep one“s nose clean“ roughly con-esponds to “_“ in Chinese.(分数:1.0

    27、0)A.保持鼻子干净B.保持一身清白 C.继续努力学习D.各不相干解析:考点 本题主要考查成语的翻译。 to keep one“s nose clean的意思是“别惹是生非”。这个成语基本上和汉语的“保持一身清白”相当。英语和汉语的成语都是比喻性的,说英语的人相信只要他们的鼻子干净就没有麻烦,而中国人相信要想清白必须全身干净才行。10.A person or thing suddenly lifted from obscurity to honour or significance can be referred to as a _.(分数:1.00)A.Cinderella B.Cleopa

    28、traC.RomeoD.Don Juan解析:考点 本题主要考查英语文学典故。 英语中有很多来自文学,特别是莎士比亚戏剧的典故。a Cinderella(灰姑娘)指才干或美貌尚未被人赏识或者埋没者突然被发现成为瞩目者;a Cleopatra(克娄巴特拉)指绝色美女;a Romeo(罗密欧)指漂亮的年轻男士,热情奔放,很会讨女人欢心;A Don Juan(唐璜)指风流浪子,玩弄女性的人。11.“Fat-cakes“ is a loan word from _.(分数:1.00)A.FrenchB.German C.LatinD.Chinese解析:考点 本题主要考查美国英语和英国英语在词汇上的差

    29、异。 美国英语中有些词汇在英国英语中很少用。这些词主要指北美的地理特征和美国人民的生活方式。其中许多来自印第安语、德语等。在美国英语中有许多借词与生活方式有关。fat-cakes(油炸面包圈)借自德语。12.“That young man is _ at mathematics“ means “that young man is good at mathematics“.(分数:1.00)A.an owlB.an elephantC.a bear D.a lion解析:考点 本题主要考查比喻的跨文化异同。 bear(熊)在中国人眼里是笨拙的动物。但是对讲英语的人来说,熊虽凶狠粗暴,但也聪明、有

    30、耐力。因此,在英语中 bear用来比喻粗暴无礼的人,也指智力过人且具有耐力的人。13.“_“ is a symbol of respectful reception or attention.(分数:1.00)A.The red capB.The red carpet C.The red letterD.The red tape解析:考点 本题主要考查红色的联想意义。 无论是在讲英语的国家还是在中国,红色都与庆祝和喜庆相联系。“the red carpet(红地毯)”象征着“隆重的欢迎或关注”。14.“_“, with possessive pronouns, is used in addre

    31、ssing or referring to a king, queen or emperor.(分数:1.00)A.ExcellencyB.Majesty C.RoyalD.Honourable解析:考点 本题主要考查英语敬语的用法。 英语中也有敬语,如:majesty,honourable 和 excellency。majesty 加上物主代词 your,his 或 her,用来称呼或指代国王、王后或皇帝。honourable 用来称呼某些英国贵族子女和各类政府官员。excellency经常加上物主代词,用来称呼大使、总督、英联邦国家的外交特派员、美国的州长及其他官员。15.In both

    32、English and Chinese excreta and the acts of human excretion are _ in polite conversation.(分数:1.00)A.usefulB.taboos C.properD.honourifics解析:考点 本题主要考查英语和汉语中的禁忌语。 在英汉两种语言中,排泄(excreta)和排泄行为(the acts of human excretion)是礼貌谈话中应当避免的话题,属禁忌语。如不得不提及此类话题,英语中可以使用委婉的说法。16.They are characteristics of oral English

    33、 EXCEPT _.(分数:1.00)A.the speaker is often less explicit than the writerB.there are many heavily premodified noun phrases C.passives are rareD.the speaker may replace or refine expressions as he goes along解析:考点 本题主要考查英语口语的特点。 口语的句子结构比书面语的句子结构松散,语法显性程度低于书面语;名词的修饰语不多,主题评述结构较多,被动式较少;在谈论当前场景时,说话人可依赖该场景进行

    34、交谈,说话人可随时更换或修正自己的表达方法;说话人常使用概括性词汇;说话人重复使用同一种句子结构;大量使用“填补词语”。17.Inductive argumentation means that the supporting information is given before _.(分数:1.00)A.the detailsB.the factsC.the requestD.the main thesis 解析:考点 本题主要考查对议论文中论证方式的理解。 归纳论证(inductive argumentation)和演绎论证(deductive argumentation)是议论文的两种论

    35、证方式。演绎论证指中心论点或观点在文章开头提出,而论述置于其后。归纳论证指先进行论述(supporting information),再提出中心论点(the main thesis)。18.Chinese textual connectives are used _ English.(分数:1.00)A.more frequently thanB.less frequently than C.as often asD.in the same way as解析:考点 本题主要考查英语和汉语中语篇连接词的使用频率。 英语是形合语言,而汉语是意合语言。汉语的语篇连接词数量较少,使用频率较低,英语反之

    36、。19.American English and _ English are two varieties of the English language and they are of equal status.(分数:1.00)A.CanadianB.AustralianC.New ZealandicD.British 解析:考点 本题主要考查地域方言。 美国英语是英语的一个变体。由于美国的迅速发展,美国英语赢得了尊敬,成为英语的两种主要地域方言之一。另外一种是英国、澳大利亚和新西兰等国家的人所讲的英国英语(British English)。20._ technique is used to

    37、 replace felt emotions with emotions thought to be more appropriate.(分数:1.00)A.Masking B.NeutralizingC.IntensifyingD.Deintensifying解析:考点 本题主要考查四种控制面部表情的技巧。 (1)强化(intensifying),即在交际中我们经常需要对人们的期望做出反应并夸大面部表情来满足这种愿望。(2)弱化(deintensifying),即有时我们弱化面部表情来维持良好的社会关系。(3)掩饰(masking),即我们经常隐藏情感,而表现出被认为是适当的反应。(4)中和

    38、(neutralizing),即在有些场合,我们避免表现出任何表情。21.When English speakers receive a gift, they always _.(分数:1.00)A.unwrap it in the giver“s presence B.unwrap it without the giver“s presenceC.say a few good words about it D.say nothing about it解析:考点 本题主要考查英语国家中,人们收到礼物时的表现。 当收到礼物时,他们总是当着送礼人的面打开礼物,然后说几句夸奖的话,说这些夸奖的话的目

    39、的就是让对方知道自己很喜欢他们送的礼物。22.In English culture the general rule is to introduce _.(分数:1.00)A.a young person to an older one B.a man to a woman C.an inferior to a superior D.the host to the guest解析:考点 本题在主要考查英文里介绍语的用法。 按照英语文化的习惯,一般是将年轻人介绍给年长的人,将男士介绍给女士,将下级介绍给上级,将客人介绍给主人,将个人介绍给团体,而且一定要先说出地位高的人的名字。23.When J

    40、ohn Smith picks up the phone, he may say “_“(分数:1.00)A.Hello. This is John speaking. B.Hello.C.Who“s calling, please? D.Good morning. John Smith here. 解析:考点 本题主要考查英语中的接电话用语。 当讲英语的人接电话时,一般首先告诉对方自己是谁。如果打电话的人是位陌生人,没有报出自己的姓名,也没有报出所在公司的名字,接电话的人通常这样问:“请问你是哪位?”或者说“请报出你的名字好吗?”24.A news report normally consi

    41、sts of _.(分数:1.00)A.a headline B.a lead C.a subtitleD.a story 解析:考点 本题主要考查英语新闻报道的内容。 一条新闻应该有标题(headline),导语(1ead)和正文(story)三个部分。因此,A、B、D 项符合题意。25.In relation to vocative and culture, which of the following statements does Not cover the truth in life?(分数:1.00)A.Both in English and Chinese “mother“, “

    42、father“, “grandmother“ and “grandfather“ are normally used alone as forms of address.B.In English “uncle“ and “aunt“ are seldom used together with the addressee“s given name. C.Both in English and Chinese, there are a large quantity of vocatives available to address to strangers. D.Some vocatives us

    43、ed to address to strangers are more extensively used in the United Kingdom than in the United States.解析:考点 本题主要考查中、英文里的称呼用语。 在英语中,mother,father,grandmother,grandfather 可以独立用作称呼语。在汉语中情形也是如此。在英语中,uncle,aunt 常与被称呼者的名字连用。在称呼陌生人时,中国人使用的称呼语很多。但在英语中,用于称呼陌生人的称呼语是很少的,这些称呼语在英国和美国有很大的差异。例如,在美国,人们更多的用 miss,ma“m

    44、a,mister,sir 作为称呼语,但在英国 mister被认为是不规范的,而对于一些人来说 miss也是不能接受的。26.“Having the blues“ means _ mood.(分数:1.00)A.a satisfiedB.a sad C.a gloomy D.a depressed 解析:考点 本题主要考查蓝色的联想意义。 英语中,蓝色常与不愉快的心情有关。having the blues 指“难过、沮丧或忧郁”。27._ are usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culture

    45、.(分数:1.00)A.Age and income B.Love and marriage C.Political and religious beliefs D.Personal opinions about political affairs 解析:考点 本题主要考查英语中的与个人隐私有关的禁忌语。 按照英语的文化习俗,任何涉及隐私或个人问题,都属禁忌的范围,例如:年龄,收入,政治及宗教信仰等都被认为是个人问题,不可谈论。在与人交谈时,一些关于他们的爱情婚姻问题还应避免。28.The U.K. is more past-oriented than _.(分数:1.00)A.ChinaB.Australia C.New Zealand


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