1、英语阅读(二)自考题-6 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)We all know that people sometimes change their behavior when someone is looking their way. Now, a new study reported online on April 2nd in Current Biology shows that jackdawsbirds r
2、elated to crows with eyes that appear similar to human eyescan do the same.“Jackdaws seem to recognize the eyes role in visual perception, or at the very least they are extremely sensitive to the way that human eyes are oriented,“ said Auguste yon Bayern, formerly of the University of Cambridge and
3、now at the University of Oxford.When presented with a preferred food, hand-raised jackdaws took significantly longer to retrieve the reward when a person was directing his eyes towards the food than when he was looking away, according to the research team led by Nathan Emery of the University of Cam
4、bridge. The birds hesitated only when the person in question was unfamiliar and thus potentially threatening.In addition, the birds were able to interpret human communicative gestures, such as gaze alternation and pointing to help them find hidden food, they found. The birds were unsuccessful in usi
5、ng static cues, including eye gaze or head orientation, in that context.Unlike most birds, jackdaws eyes have a dark pupil surrounded by a silvery white iris. The researchers said they believe jackdaws are probably sensitive to human eyes because, as in humans, eyes are an important means of communi
6、cation for them. The hand-raised birds examined in the study may be even better than wild jackdaws at attending to human gaze and responding to the gestures of the people who have raised them.The findings are particularly notable given that most other species investigated so far, including our close
7、st relatives the chimpanzee and “mans best friend,“ the dog, are not particularly sensitive to eye orientation and eye gaze, von Bayern said. Rather, she continued, chimps and dogs seem to rely on other cues such as head or body orientation in determining the looking direction of others and do not a
8、ppear to appreciate the eyes as the visual organs. The results suggest that birds may deserve more respect for their mental abilities.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the report, when does a hand-raised jackdaw hesitate to take a preferred food?_ A. When the feeder is looking away from the food. B. When t
9、he feeder is unfamiliar to the bird. C. When the feeder holds the food in his hand. D. When the feeder is looking at the food.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the researchers, jackdaws can notice human eye orientation probably because _. A. like humans, they also use eyes to communicate B. they are
10、 far more intelligent than other birds C. they are mostly hand-raised by humans D. their eyes also have a dark pupil（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the 4th paragraph, jackdaws are good at interpreting all of the following cues EXCEPT _. A. alternating ones gaze to another direction B. pointing to
11、where the food is hidden C. keeping a long gaze at one direction D. directing ones eyes towards the food（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why does the author refer to chimpanzees and dogs in the last paragraph?_ A. To suggest that they are much better at interpreting gaze alternation. B. To illustrate how unique
12、 jackdaws are in being able to notice gaze orientation. C. To make clear that they rely on other means in determining peoples intention. D. To show that they communicate more frequently with humans than jackdaws.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the research finding suggest?_ A. We know embarrassingly
13、less about birds than we assume. B. The closer we communicate with animals, the better we understand them. C. Not all jackdaws are good at attending to human gaze. D. We may have underestimated jackdaws mental abilities.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Fill in company forms can becom
14、e a boring and repetitive task, yet any carelessness on an applicant part can draw a negative reaction from readers. Each company or organization usually uses its own specially designed form that, although it generally asks for the same basic information, many vary in detail. Consequently, the sugge
15、stions below apply mainly to the approach you should take rather than suggest what you should write.When visiting future employers, always carry your personal data record with you so that you can readily search for details such as dates, telephone numbers, and other useful information.Treat every ap
16、plication form as though it is the first one you are completingwrite carefully and neatly.Use words that describe the responsibility and different aspects of each job you have held rather than list only the duties you performed.Particularly describe social activities that show your involvement in th
17、e community, or activities in which you held a teaching or coaching role.Pay particular attention if there is a section on the form that asks you to comment on how your education and past experience have especially prepared you for the position.Think this through very carefully before you write so t
18、hat what you say shows a natural progression from past experience to the job you are applying for. If you can, and if they fit naturally, add a few words to demonstrate how the position fits your overall career plan.（分数：10.00）(1).The first sentence of the passage implies that _. A. you may have to f
19、ill in long application form B. the filling up of an application form takes much time C. one may have to fill in many application forms before one gets a job D. application forms are usually difficult to read and require good skills to fill in（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Although all application forms deman
20、d the same basic information, _. A. different companies may have different requirements B. different companies may take different attitudes toward them C. application may be required to answer all the questions in detail D. applicants may have to send in the forms by person（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which
21、 of the following statements is true?_ A. Your personal data record is more important than the interview. B. You should put in your personal data in the application form as completely as possible. C. Your personal data record will be much help to your interview. D. You should write your personal dat
22、a as clearly and neatly as possible.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).When writing about the duties you have been engaged in, you should _. A. put down the names of your colleagues B. describe the nature of the duties C. relate them to other major dutiest D. describe what responsible positions you had（分数：2.00）A.
23、B.C.D.(5).Which of the following would be the best title of the passage? _ A. Importance of Application Forms. B. How to Fill in an Application Form. C. Job and Its Application. D. Nature of Application Forms.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPassage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The first European stock exchange was esta
24、blished in Antwerp, Belgium (比利时), in 1531. There were no stock exchanges in England until the 1700s. A man wishing to buy or sell shares of stock had to find a broker (agents) to transact his business for him. In london, he usually went to a coffee house, because brokers often gathered there. In 17
25、73, the brokers of london formed a stock exchange.In New York City, brokers met under an old button-wood tree on Wall Street. They organized the New York Stock Exchange in 1792. The American Stock Exchange, second largest in the United States, was formerly called the Curb Exchange because of its ori
26、gin on the streets of New York City.A stock exchange is a market place where member brokers buy and sell stocks and bonds of American and foreign businesses on behalf of the public. A stock exchange provides a market place for stocks and bonds in the same way a board of trade does for commodities. T
27、he stock brokers receive a small commission on each transaction they make.The stock holder may sell his stock wherever he wants to unless the corporation has some special rule to prevent it. Prices of stock change according to general business conditions and the earnings and future prospects of the
28、company. If the business is doing well, the stock holder may be able to sell his stock for a profit. If it is not, he may have to take a loss.（分数：10.00）(1).In the 1600s, if a man wanted to buy or sell shares of stock, he had to do it through _. A. the government B. himself C. a broker D. the stock e
29、xchange（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The second largest stock exchange in the U.S. used to be called _. A. the Wall Street Exchange B. the New York Stock Exchange C. the Curb Exchange D. the U.S. Exchange（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In Para. 3, the word “commodities“ probably means _. A. goods B. papers C. shares D.
30、 agreements（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the statements is true?_ A. The stockholder can sell his stock to anywhere at anytime. B. There were no stock exchange in England in the 1700s. C. The price of stock is not stable. D. The stockbrokers do the transaction without charging for the stockholders.（
31、分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage is mainly about _. A. the Wall Street B. the stock exchange C. the stock D. the stockholder and stockbroker（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BPassage Four/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)During his lifetime Alfred Nobel reaped millions of dollars in profits from his invention and manufacture of hig
32、h explosives. Some of these greatly increased the killing power of weapons and so made war more terrible. Nobel, nevertheless, left much of his fortune for the promotion of world peace as well as the advancement of scientific knowledge and the encouragement of literary achievement.Alfred Bernhard No
33、bel was born in Stockholm, Sweden, on Oct. 21,1833. Alfred was a sickly child. He was educated at home. Instead of going to high school he traveled widely. He learned chemistry and mechanical engineering in private studies and study abroad. At 21, he joined his father and brother in St. Petersburg.
34、The father had begun some experiments with nitroglycerin but had abandoned them. Alfred resumed these experiments and invented a blasting cap, made of fulminate of mercury, to fire a charge of nitroglycerin. The cap was a very important development.Although still sickly, Nobel took charge of the fam
35、ily business. In 1863 he returned to Sweden and set up a small factory to make nitroglycerin. A year later a terrific explosion destroyed the plant and killed five people. One was his youngest brother, Emil. Nobel, however, refused to give up his work and moved the plant to a barge moored in a lake.
36、 Further tragedies occurred. In 1866, after disastrous explosions at world ports, many nations forbade their vessels to carry nitroglycerin. Nobel then sought to make the explosive safer to handle. He found the answer in dynamite.The invention made Nobel wealthy. He spent the next ten years setting
37、up plants in the United States and Europe. In 1876 he patented blasting gelatin, a combination of guncotton and nitroglycerin. In 1878 he and his brothers developed oil fields in Russia. He invented ballistite in 1888, one of the first smokeless powders.Nobel never married. He found recreation in hi
38、s laboratory and in writing poetry in imitation of his idol, Percy Bysshe Shelley. In later years he traveled throughout Europe and had homes in Paris, in Stockholm, and in San Remo, Italy. In 1876 he met Bertha Kinsky (later Baroness von Suttner), a Bohemian noblewoman. In letters to Nobel over sev
39、eral years she developed his ideas for world peace. Nobels bequest for a peace prize was largely in tribute to her, though he was somewhat doubtful of the effectiveness of the pacifist movement. He died in 1896 at San Remo, leaving the executors of his will to work out the details of administering t
40、he Nobel prizes.（分数：10.00）(1).Nobel made a fortune out of _. A. his promotion of world peace B. his advancement of scientific knowledge C. his encouragement of literary achievement D. his invention and manufacture of high explosives（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Nobel resumed the experiments his father had ab
41、andoned and _. A. succeeded in finishing his self-education B. used nitroglycerin for the first time C. invented nitroglycerin D. made a very important development（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Nobel invented dynamite, which _. A. was more powerful than nitroglycerin B. made the explosive safer C. caused disa
42、strous explosions D. frightened many nations（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is true about Nobel?_ A. Nobel helped the U. S. become wealthy by setting up plants. B. Nobel was one of the first inventors of ballistite C. Nobel went to Russia to develop oil fields with smokeless powders. D.
43、Nobel combined guncotton and nitroglycerin to form blasting gelatin.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Bertha Kinsky _. A. helped Nobel become one of the leading pacifists in the world B. was the first woman to win a Nobel peace prize C. made Nobel change his will D. developed Nobels ideas for world peace（分数：2.00
44、）A.B.C.D.七、BPassage Five/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In the old days, when a glimpse of stockings was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men.Then came the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women. A mans secretary became h
45、is personal servant, charged with remembering his wifes birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to dry-cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at bay; and, of course, typing and filing and taking shorthand.Now all this may be changing again. The
46、microchip (集成块) and high technology is sweeping the British office, taking with it much better of the routine clerical work that secretaries did.“Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered workand then men will wan
47、t to do it again.“That was said by one of the executives (male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the U. S.Once high technology has made the job of secretary less routine, will there be a male takeover?Men should beware of think
48、ing that they can walk right into better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as theynot just because they can buy negligees (妇女长睡衣) for the bosss wife, but because they are as efficient and well-trained to cope with word processors and computers as men.（分数：10.00）(1).Before 1914 female secretaries were rare because they _. A. were less efficient than men B. were not as serious as men C. liked stockings D. would have disturbed other office workers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Besides fulfilling other duties, a female secretary was
