1、英语阅读(二)自考题-3 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART ONE/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage One/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)“How many of you have been angry at least once today?“ asked the conductor of an anger management seminar (讨论会). According to an article in The New York Times, most of those in the r
2、oom raised their hands. “The fact is,“ the seminar leader continued, “people get angry an average of 10 to 14 times a day. But anger is especially endemic (常见的疾病) to work. If you have a job, youre guaranteed to get angry.“Had I been in the room and heard that last remark, I would have respectfully d
3、isagreed. Although some statistics indicate that the number of on-the-job anger has increased in recent years, to hold on to the belief that workplace anger is therefore guaranteed is counterproductive. It leaves one with the impression that any efforts to remain good-tempered at work are, at best,
4、only a hand-aid (临时措施).Anger-management experts do offer a few common-sense guidelines to minimize work-related anger: dont let it fester (化脓); dont look for snubs (责骂) in what are purely innocent incidents; dont get caught up in other peoples complaints; if you start to lose control, take a Break.I
5、 would add, pray.（分数：10.00）(1).When the conductor asked the question, the author of this passage _. A. raised his hand B. got angry at the question C. was not at the seminar D. was at work（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following statements is true?_ A. People get angry frequently when working. B.
6、 10 out of 14 average people get angry during a day. C. Average people get angry 14 times a day. D. Getting angry at work is a kind of disease.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “counterproductive“ probably means _. A. producing counter B. having the opposite result C. producing anger D. counting product
7、s（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Anger-management experts suggest that _. A. guidelines to reduce work-related anger should be offered B. people should have a rest before losing control C. people should pray before losing control D. people should sometimes forgive others so as to minimize work-related anger（分数
8、：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can infer from the passage that The New York Times is probably a kind of _. A. book about time B. newspaper C. book about anger-management D. magazine（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage Two/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Increasingly, over the past ten years, peopleespecially young peoplehave become
9、aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for the health. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which do not contain chemical additives (添加剂) and which have not been affected by chem
10、ical fertilizers widely used in farming today.Natural foods, for example, are vegetables, fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic (有机的) matter. In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vita
11、mins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amountbut not the qualityof foods grown in commercial farming areas.Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move free
12、ly in healthy pastures (牧场). Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickens live crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only taste
13、less as food, they also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a non-essential food! Although a natural alternative, such as hon
14、ey, can be used to sweeten food if this is necessary, we can in fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be addictive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last two centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a yea
15、r! Yet all it does is providing us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals, and no fiber.It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example, the fiber has been removed. But it is present in
16、 unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting to note that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence, the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole meal (没有去麸的面粉) bread and more v
17、egetables by modern experts “healthy eating“.（分数：10.00）(1).People have become more interested in natural foods because _. A. they have become more aware of their health B. they have eaten too much processed foods C. natural foods are more delicious than processed foods D. they want to return to natu
18、re（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By using chemicals and fertilizers, farmers are able to _. A. increase the quality of foods B. increase the quantity of foods C. increase both quality and quantity of foods D. increase neither quality nor quantity of foods（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Natural foods are better for healt
19、h because _. A. they have not grown in soil that is rich in organic matter B. they are mass produced in farms C. they have been nourished by fertilizers D. they contain more vitamins and minerals（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following is NOT true about chickens raised in poultry farms?_ A. They
20、are not natural foods. B. They are mass produced. C. They are not allowed to move about and eat freely. D. They not only taste good as food but also produce nutritious eggs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title for the passage is _. A. Natural Foods and Healthy Diet B. The Significance of Changing Eat
21、ing Habits C. Harmful Effects of Processed Foods D. The Importance of Fiber in Foods（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPassage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The word “reference“ comes from the verb “refer“, which means to turn to for aid or information. Thus any person or thing referred to for these purposes is a reference
22、. A book which is consulted for aid or information on a topic, a theme, an event, a person, a date, a place, or a word is a reference book. In this sense the entire library is a reference collection, because it was selected, organized, and arranged for study and reference.However, in any library the
23、re are some books which are consulted more frequently than others for certain kinds of information; there are books which, because of their organization and arrangement, lend themselves to quick and easy use; and there are other publications which were planned and written to be referred to for piece
24、s of uniformity rather than to be read completely. In most libraries these kinds of materials are brought together in one room or area and constitute what is called the reference collection, the reference room, or the reference department. The use of these materials is restricted to the library. Que
25、stions may be answered completely from the resources in the reference collection or a given source may only indicate other books and materials which the information seeker must consult for the full answer to his question.It should be clear, then, that the reference collection, room, or department is
26、 not a separate library within itself but is only one of the many parts of the total library that the student will use in his search for material.The term “reference book“ has come to mean a specific kind of publication which has been planned and written to be consulted for items of information, rat
27、her than read throughout. It contains facts that have been brought together from many sources and organized for quick and easy use, either in an alphabetical or chronological arrangement or by the use of detailed indexes and numerous cross references.If a student is to use reference books effectivel
28、y and advantageously, he must develop a facility in using them independently. He acquires Ibis facility as he learns, what reference books are, the kinds that are available, the types of questions each kind will answer, and how each book is arranged.There are two types of reference books: (1) those
29、which contain the needed information such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, handbooks, biographical dictionaries, atlases (地图册), and gazetteer (地名词典); and (2) those which tell the user where the information can be found, such as indexes and bibliographies. These two types of reference books are of two
30、 classes: general or specialized; the latter are referred to in this text as “subject“ reference materials.General reference books are those which are broad in scope, not limited to any single subject, but useful for all, or for many, subject areas. The kinds of general reference books, according to
31、 their form and the material which include, are dictionaries, biographical dictionaries, directories, atlases, gazetteer, and bibliographies.Each kind of reference book is designed, to do specific things. Theoretically, a given reference book does the specific things it is planned to do better than
32、any other reference book can do them; thus it should be consulted first for the kind of information it covers, even though other reference books may include some of the same information. For example, a dictionary or an encyclopedia may give information about a geographical location, but a gazetteer,
33、 which is designed for the sole purpose of providing information about geographical names and places, is the first place to look for information concerning a geographical location.（分数：10.00）(1).In a library the area where reference materials are located is called _. A. the reference department B. th
34、e reference room C. the reference collection D. all of the above（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In many libraries, books in reference department _. A. are not allowed to be borrowed outside B. can be borrowed outside C. are limited in number D. must be used more frequently than any other books（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.
35、(3).In order to use reference books effectively, students should _. A. read them throughout B. try to find all the answers in one book C. be independent and confident D. know how to use them（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?_ A. Reference boo
36、ks are classified as general and specialized. B. Dictionaries belong to general reference books. C. The reference collection is an independent library itself. D. The reference collection in a library exists as a part of the total library.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The last paragraph tells us that _. A. ev
37、ery kind of reference book is designed to be useful B. a given reference book is the first choice to look for the specific information C. an encyclopedia is the first place to look for geographical names and places D. dictionaries are better than given reference books（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BPassage Four
38、/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)We shall outline the four major subfields of anthropology that have emerged in the twentieth century: physical anthropology, archaeology, linguistics and cultural anthropology.Physical anthropology deals with human biology across space and time. It is divided into two areas: paleont
39、ology, the study of the fossil evidence of the primate (including human) evolution, and neontology, the comparative biology of living primates, including population and molecular genetics, body shapes (morphology), and the extent to which behavior is biologically programmed.Archaeology is the system
40、atic retrieval and analysis of the physical remains left behind by human beings, including both their skeletal and cultural remains. Both the classical civilizations and prehistoric groups, including our prehuman ancestors, are investigated.Linguistics is the study of language across space and time.
41、 Historical linguistics attempts to trace the tree of linguistic evolution and to reconstruct ancestral language forms. Comparative (or structural) linguistics attempts to describe formally the basic elements of languages and the rules by which they are ordered into intelligible speech.Cultural anth
42、ropology includes many different perspectives and specialized sub-disciplines but is concerned primarily with describing the forms of social organization and the cultural systems of human groups. In technical usage, ethnography is the description of the social and cultural systems of one particular
43、group, whereas ethnology is the comparison of such descriptions for the purpose of generalizing about the nature of all human groups.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “anthropology“ (Line 1, Para. 1) probably means _. A. study of ancient human beings B. study of mankind of its origins, development, beliefs, et
44、c. C. study of human biology D. analysis of the physical remains left behind by human beings（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Linguistics includes _. A. study of language and analysis of physical remains of human beings B. linguistic evolution and ancestral language forms C. historical linguistics and comparativ
45、e linguistics D. study of language across space and time（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be safely inferred that _. A. cultural anthropology has the most perspectives B. physical anthropology has the most perspectives C. ethnography has the most perspectives D. linguistics has the most perspectives（分数：2.
46、00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true?_ A. Anthropology can be divided into four major fields. B. This passage is mainly about anthropology. C. Linguistics deals with language as a whole. D. The meaning of “ethnography“ is almost the same as that of “ethnology“.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.
47、D.(5).The passage is probably taken from _. A. a novel B. a science fiction C. a detective story D. a science book（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、BPassage Five/(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Originally the food of emperors, the cuisine known as kaiseki is the pinnacle of Japanese eatingand few restaurants serve a more refined
48、menu than Kikunoi, in the former imperial capital of Kyoto. Kaiseki dining is the product of centuries of cultural evolution, but though Kikunoi is high-endas the bill will indicateits cuisine is meant to be a grand elaboration of the basic Japanese home meal rice, fish, pickles, vegetables and miso soup, artfully presented in small, healthy portions.“I believe that Japanese cuisine is something embedded in Japanese peoples DNA,“ says Kikunois owner, Yoshihiro Murata. That may be true, but its a legacy under assault, increasingly crowded out by fast, convenient, westernized f
