1、英语阅读(一)自考题-7 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第一部分 选择题/B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、BPassage 1/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)There are two basic differences between the large and the small enterprises. In the small enterprise you operate primarily through personal contacts. In the large enterprise you have e
2、stablished “policies“, “channels“ of organization, and fairly rigid procedures. In the small enterprise you have, moreover, immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions right away, once you are a little above the ground floor. In the large e
3、nterprise even the man at the top is only part of a big machine. To be sure, his actions affect a much greater area than the actions and decisions of the man in the small organization, but his effectiveness is remote, indirect, and difficult to see at first sight. In a small and even in a middle-siz
4、ed business you are normally exposed to all kinds of experiences, and expected to do a great many things without too much help or guidance. In the large organization you are normally taught one thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is of becoming a jack-of-all-trades and master of none. In t
5、he large one it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about less and less.There is one other important thing to consider: do you get a deep sense of satisfaction from being a member of a well-known organizationGeneral Motors, the Bell Telephone System, the government? Or is it more importan
6、t to you to be a well-known and important figure within your own small pond? There is a basic difference between the satisfaction that comes from being a member of a large, powerful, and generally known organization, and the one that comes from being a member of a family; between impersonal grandeur
7、 and personal often much too personal intimacy; between life in a small office on the top floor of a skyscraper and life in a crossroads gas station.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that in a large enterprise _. A.new technology is employed quickly B.all people work efficien
8、tly C.ones effectiveness is felt very slowly D.one can get promotion easily（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Generally speaking, the person working in a large enterprise _. A.has to deal with a great many things B.knows how everything is going on around him C.acquires increasingly thorough knowledge within a lim
9、ited field D.feels more secure than the one employed by a small enterprise（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “your own small pond“ to refer to _. A.a top leader in a large enterprise B.a manager of a small enterprise C.a large enterprise D.a small enterprise（分数：2.00）A.
10、B.C.D.(4).According to the information provided in the passage, if you are interested in personal intimacy, you should work _. A.for General Motors B.for the Bell Telephone System C.in a department in the government D.in a crossroads gas station（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The writer of this passage _. A.co
11、mpares the large and the small enterprises objectively B.obviously prefers to work for a large enterprise C.intends to show the advantages of working in a small business D.explains the disadvantages of being a top leader in a large business（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.四、BPassage 2/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)For the most
12、part, rapid economic development has been a boon. But there is a down side to developmenthealth problems such as overweight are all becoming more prevalent, as more people take taxis to work instead of riding their bicycles, and other labor saving devices become more popular.An increasingly fast pac
13、e of life makes it difficult for people to spend time working out or playing sports. “I know exercise is good for your health,“ a young lady said “But after a busy work week, the only thing I want to do is to watch some TV and go to sleep.“ That attitude may explain the results of a recent nationwid
14、e study, which suggested 15 percent of urban adults in China are overweight, a large number of people over the age of 40 suffer from high blood pressure and cardiac ailments (心脏病).Local researchers found that 31.2 percent of elderly respondents were getting enough exercise, but less than 9 percent o
15、f youngsters and the middle aged got an adequate amount of physical activity.Elderly people understand the importance of protecting their health. The young people, however, are busy working and use this as an excuse to avoid exercise. In fact, physical exercise doesnt require much time, money or a s
16、pecial gymnasium. People can make use of any time and any place at their convenience to take part in sports. Walking quickly, cycling, climbing the stairs and dancing are all helpful methods to enhance ones health.The benefits of adding a little more activity to your life are priceless. “There is no
17、 need to be an athlete, however,“ a local doctor said people should walk for 30 minutes a day and take part in some other physical activity three to five times a week. He warns, however, that people in poor physical shape should start slowly, and build up over time.（分数：10.00）(1).Rapid economic devel
18、opment has resulted in all the following except _. A.an increasing number of taxi passengers B.the wide use of labor saving devices C.an increasingly fast pace of life D.peoples awareness of the importance of exercise（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Some people are getting overweight because _. A.they are too b
19、usy to have any time for exercise B.they are ignorant of the benefits of exercise C.they are too weak to participate in physical activity D.they are short of money to pay for different exercises（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, who need regular daily exercise most? A.People taking taxis
20、 to work. B.Urban adults with full-time jobs. C.Elderly people suffering from high blood pressure. D.Youngsters dreaming of becoming professional athletes.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A.Many people are still unable to afford the cost of physical exercise. B.Nobod
21、y should take part in physical activity in order to be an athlete. C.Moderate physical exercise is usually enough for ordinary people. D.Old or sick people should only take part in physical exercises of the slowest type.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).By referring to rapid economic development as “a boon“ at t
22、he beginning of the passage, the author means that _. A.it has benefited the general public greatly B.it has done harm to peoples health nationwide C.it is going faster than anyone could have imagined D.it has helped to establish a positive and healthy lifestyle of the public（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、BPass
23、age 3/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The market is a concept. If you are growing tomatoes in your backyard for sale you are producing for the market. You might sell some to your neighbor and some to the manager of the local supermarket. But in either case, you are producing for the market. Your efforts are being
24、directed by the market. If people stop buying tomatoes, you will stop producing them.If you take care of a sick person to earn money, you are producing for the market. If your father is a steelworker or a truck driver or a doctor or a grocer, he is producing goods or service for the market.When you
25、spend your income, you are buying things from the market. You may spend money in stores, supermarkets, gas stations, and restaurants. Still you are buying from the market. When the local grocer hires you to drive the delivery truck, he is buying your labor in the labor market.The market may seem to
26、be something abstract. But for each person or business who is making and selling something, its very real. If nobody buys your tomatoes, it wont be long before you get the message. The market is telling you something. Its telling you that you are using energies and resources in doing something the m
27、arket doesnt want you to do.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A.Selling and Buying. B.What Is the Market? C.Everything You Do Is Producing for the Market. D.What the Market Can Do for You?（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).All of the following acts are producing for the
28、 market except _. A.working in a bank B.printing a book C.attending a night school D.growing beans for sale（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).You are buying from the market when you _. A.borrow a book from the library B.look after your children C.work in a gas station D.dine at a restaurant（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Th
29、e word “real“ in the last paragraph may most probably mean _. A.serious B.true C.important D.concrete（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In what way is the market very real for each person or business who is making and selling something? A.It tells you what to produce. B.It tells you how to grow tomatoes. C.It pro
30、vides you with everything you need. D.It helps you save money.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、BPassage 4/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Yanomami are a people living in villages between 40 and 250 people in the Venezuelan rain forest. Since the 1960s, Napoleon Chagnon has studied several Yanomami villages, written a widely
31、-read book called The Fierce People about the Yanomami and helped to produce several films about them.Chagnons writings and films have promoted a long standing view of the Yanomami as exceptionally violent and war-loving. According to Chagnon, about one third of adult Yanomami males die violently, a
32、bout two thirds of all adults had lost at least one close relative through violence, and over 50 percent had lost two or more close relatives. He has reported that one village was raided 25 times during his first 15 months there.Chagnon provides a sociobological explanation for the fierceness of the
33、 Yanomami. He explains that village raids and warfare are carried to obtain wives. Although the Yanomami prefer to marry within their village, there is a shortage of potential brides because the Yanomami practice the killing of female infants, which creates a scarcity of women. While the Yanomami pr
34、efer to marry within their own group, taking a wife from another group is preferable to remaining a bachelor. Men in other groups, however, are unwilling to give up their women; hence the necessity for raids. Chagnon also argues that, as successful warriors will be able to gain a wife or more than o
35、ne wife, they often have more children than unsuccessful ones. Successful warriors, Chagnon suggests, carry a genetic advantage for fierceness, which they pass on to their sons, leading to a high growth rate of groups with violent males through genetic selection for fierceness. Male fierceness, in t
36、his view, is biologically determined.Marvin Harris, who has a cultural materialist perspective, says that food scarcity and population in the area are the underlying causes of warfare. The Yanomami lack plentiful sources of meat, which is highly valued. Harris suggests that when hunting in an area w
37、as exhausted, the Yanomami would venture into territories of neighboring groups, thus giving rise to conflicts. Such conflicts in turn resulted in high rate of adult male deaths. Combined with the effects of female infant killing, this meat warfare complex kept population growth rate down to a level
38、 that the environment could support.In contrast, Patrick Tierney, a journalist, points the finger of blame to a large extent at Chagnon himself. Tierney presents evidence that it was the presence of Chagnon and his team of co-researchers and many boxes of trade goods that triggered a series of deadl
39、y raids, for the Yanomami competed with other groups for his trade goods. In addition, Tierney argues that Chagnon intentionally prompted the Yanomami to act fiercely for his films and to stage raids thatactually led to bad feelings where they had not existed before.（分数：10.00）(1).The first sentence
40、in the second paragraph implies that _. A.the Yanomami are fierce by nature B.the Yanomami are historically a fierce people C.Chagnon influenced peoples view of the Yanomami D.Chagnon was the discoverer of the Yanomami fierceness（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Chagnons explanation, the fierceness
41、of the Yanomami originates from _. A.the lack of men B.the shortage of women C.the desire to marry out D.the fear of marrying within（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Chagnons explanation of the Yanomami suggests that individual personality is _. A.inborn B.learned C.reshaped D.acquired（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Marvin
42、 Harris explains the fierceness of the Yanomami in terms of _. A.biology B.race C.history D.environment（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In contrast to other researchers, Patrick Tierney interprets issues concerning the Yanomami as the result of their _. A.native culture B.primitive society C.modern researchers
43、D.primitive enemies（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、B(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、BPassage 5/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)As a boy Sanders was much influenced by books about the sea hut in fact by the age of fifteen he had decided to become a doctor rather than a sailor. His father was a dentist and as a result Sanders had the opportunit
44、y of meeting doctors socially. When he was fourteen he was already hanging around the dispensary of the local doctor where he was supposed to be helping to wrap up medicine bottles, but was actually trying to listen to the conversations with patients taking place in the next room.During the war Sand
45、ers served in the Navy as a surgeon. “That was the happiest time of my life doing major surgery. I was dealing with very real suffering and on the whole making a success of it.“ In Rhodes he taught the country people simple facts about medicine. He saw himself as a lifesaver. He had proved his skill
46、 to himself and his ability to take decisions. With this proof came the firm belief that those who lived simply and those who were dependent upon him possessed qualities and a secret of living which he lacked.After the war he married and chose practice deep in the English countryside, working under
47、an old doctor who was much liked in the district but who hated the sight of blood and believed that the secret of medicine was faith. This gave the younger man plenty of opportunity to go on working as a lifesaver.（分数：5.00）(1).When he was a small boy Sanders wanted to be a _. A.writer of books about
48、 the sea B.sailor C.dentist like his father D.doctor（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).As Sanders grew up, _. A.the doctors he met were very friendly B.he met doctors with strong political opinions C.the doctors he met run social services D.he was often in the company of doctors（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).He helped in the dispensary because he wanted to _. A.find out more about the doctors work B.wrap up bottles of medicine C.find out the secrets of the patients D.learn more about the medicine in the bottles（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).His experience in the Navy taught
