1、软件设计师-计算机专业英语(四)及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、综合知识试题(总题数：6，分数：30.00)It should go without saying that the focus of UML is modeling. However, what that means, exactly, can be an open-ended question. (1) is a means to capture ideas, relationships,decisions, and requirements in a well-defined notation tha
2、t can be applied to many different domains. Modeling not only means different things to different people, but also it can use different pieces of UML depending on what you are trying to convey. In general, a UML model is made up of one or more (2) . A diagram graphically represents things, and the r
3、elationships between these things. These (3) can be representations of realworld objects,pure software constructs, or a description of the behavior of some other objects. It is common for an individual thing to show up on multiple diagrams; each diagram represents a particular interest, or view, of
4、the thing being modeled. UML 2.0 divides diagrams into two categories: structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams. (4) are used to capture the physical organization of the things in your system, i.e., how one object relates to another. (5) focus on the behavior of elements in a system. For example,
5、 you can use behavioral diagrams to capture requirements, operations, and internal state changes for elements.（分数：5.00）A.ProgrammingB.AnalyzingC.DesigningD.ModelingA.viewsB.diagramsC.userviewsD.structurepicturesA.thingsB.picturesC.languagesD.diagramsA.ActivitydiagramsB.Use-casediagramsC.Structuraldi
6、agramsD.BehavioraldiagramsA.Activity diagramsB.Use-case diagramsC.Structural diagramsD.BehavioralObject-oriented analysis (OOA) is a semiformal specification technique for the object-oriented paradigm. Object-oriented analysis consists ofthree steps. The first step is (6) . It determines how the var
7、ious results are computed by the product and presents this information in the form of a (7) and associated scenarios. The second is (8) , which determines the classes and their attributes, then determines the interrelationships and interaction among the classes. The last step is (9) , which determin
8、es the actions performed by or to each class or subclass and presents this information in the form of (10) .（分数：5.00）A.use-casemodelingB.classmodelingC.dynamic modelingD.behavioralmodelingA.collaborationdiagramB.sequencediagramC.use-case diagramD.activity diagramA.use-casemodelingB.classmodelingC.dy
9、namicmodelingD.behavioralmodelingA.use-casemodelingB.classmodelingC.dynamicmodelingD.behavioralmodelingA.activity diagramB.component diagramC.sequence diagramD.state diagramPeople are indulging in an illusion whenever they find themselves explaining at a cocktail(鸡尾酒 ) party, say, that they are “in
10、computers,“ or “ in telecommunications,“ or “in electronic funds transfer“. The implication is that they are part of the high-tech world. Just between us, they usually arent. The researchers who made fundamental breakthroughs in those areas are in a high-tech business. The rest of us are (11) of the
11、ir work. We use computers and other new technology components to develop our products or to organize our affairs. Because we go about this work in teams and projects and other tightly knit working group(紧密联系在一起的工作小组 ), we are mostly in the human communication business. Our successes stem from good h
12、uman interactions by all participants in the effort, and our failures stem from poor human interactions.The main reason we tend to focus on the (12) rather than the human side of work is not because its more (13) , but because its easier to do. Getting the new disk drive installed is positively triv
13、ial compared to figurine out why Horace is in a blue funk(恐惧)or why Susan is dissatisfied with the company aver only a few months. Human interactions are complicated and never very crisp(干脆的,干净利落的) and clean in their effects, but they matter more than any other aspect of the work.If you find yoursel
14、f concentrating on the (14) rather than the (15) , youre like the vaudeville character(杂耍人物)who loses his Keys on a dark street and looks for them on the adjacent street because, as he explains, “The light is better there!/（分数：5.00）A.creatorsB.innovatorsC.appliersD.inventorsA.technicalB.classicalC.s
15、ocialD.societalA.trivialB.crucialC.minorD.insignificantA.technologyB.sociologyC.physiologyD.astronomyA.technologyB.sociologyC.physiologyD.astronomyObserve that for the programmer, as for the chef, the urgency of the patron(顾客)may govern the scheduled completion of the task, but it cannot govern the
16、actual completion. An omelette(煎鸡蛋 ), promised in two minutes, may appear to be progressing nicely. But when it has not set in two minutes, the customer has two choiceswaits or eats it raw. Software customers have had (16) choices.Now I do not think software (17) have less inherent courage and firmn
17、ess than chefs, nor than other engineering managers. But false (18) to match the patrons desired date is much more common in our discipline than elsewhere in engineering. It is very (19) to make a vigorous, plausible, and job risking defense of an estimate that is derived by no quantitative method,
18、supported by little data, and certified chiefly by the hunches of the managers.Clearly two solutions are needed. We need to develop and publicize productivity figures, bug-incidence figures, estimating roles, and so on. The whole profession can only profit from (20) such data. Until estimating is on
19、 a sounder basis, individual managers will need to stiffen their backbones and defend their estimates with the assurance that their poor hunches are better than wish derived estimates.（分数：5.00）A.noB.the sameC.otherD.lots ofA.TestersB.constructorsC.managersD.architectsA.TasksB.jobsC.WorksD.scheduling
20、A.easyB.difficultC.simpleD.painlessA.sharingB.excludingC.omittingD.ignoringWhy is (21) fun? What delights may its practitioner expect as his reward? First is the sheer joy of making things. As the child delights in his mud pie, so the adult enjoys building things, especially things of his own design
21、. Second is the pleasure of making things that are useful to other people. Third is the fascination of fashioning complex puzzle-like objects of interlocking moving parts and watching them work in subtle cycles, playing out the consequences of principles built in from the beginning. Fourth is the jo
22、y of always learning, which springs from the(22) nature of the task. In one way or another the problem is ever new, and its solver learns something:sometimes (23) , sometimes theoretical, and sometimes both. Finally, there is the delight of working in such a tractable medium. The (24) , like the poe
23、t, works only slightly removed from pure thought-stuff. Few media of creation are so flexible, so easy to polish and rework, so readily capable of realizing grand conceptual structures.Yet the program (25) , unlike the poets words, is real in the sense that it moves and works, producing visible outp
24、uts separate from the construct itself. It prints results, draws pictures, produces sounds, moves arms. Programming then is fun because it gratifies creative longings built deep within us and delights sensibilities we have in common with all men.（分数：5.00）A.programmingB.composingC.workingD.writingA.r
25、epeatingB.basicC.non-repeatingD.advanceA.semanticB.practicalC.lexicalD.syntacticalA.poetB.architectC.doctorD.programmerA.constructB.codeC.sizeD.scaleFor nearly ten years, the Unified Modeling Language (UML) has been the industry standard for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the
26、 (26) of a software-intensive system. As the (27) standard modeling language, the UML facilitates communication and reduces confusion among project (28) The recent standardization of UML 2.0 has further extended the languages scope and viability.Its inherent expressiveness allows users to(29) everyt
27、hing from enterprise information systems and distributed Web-based applications to real-time embedded systems. The UML is not limited to modeling software. In fact, it is expressive enough to model (30) systems, such as workflow in the legal system, the structure and behavior of a patient healthcare
28、 system, software engineering in aircraft combat systems, and the design of hardware. To understand the UML, you need to form a conceptual model of the language, and this requires learning three major elements: the UMLs basic building blocks, the rules that dictate how those building blocks may be p
29、ut together, and some common mechanisms that apply throughout the UML.（分数：5.00）A.classesB.componentsC.sequencesD.artifactsA.realB.legalC.de factoD.illegalA.investorsB.developersC.designersD.stakeholdersA.modelB.codeC.testD.modifyA.non-hardwareB.non-softwareC.hardwareD.software软件设计师-计算机专业英语(四)答案解析(总分
30、：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、综合知识试题(总题数：6，分数：30.00)It should go without saying that the focus of UML is modeling. However, what that means, exactly, can be an open-ended question. (1) is a means to capture ideas, relationships,decisions, and requirements in a well-defined notation that can be applied to many
31、 different domains. Modeling not only means different things to different people, but also it can use different pieces of UML depending on what you are trying to convey. In general, a UML model is made up of one or more (2) . A diagram graphically represents things, and the relationships between the
32、se things. These (3) can be representations of realworld objects,pure software constructs, or a description of the behavior of some other objects. It is common for an individual thing to show up on multiple diagrams; each diagram represents a particular interest, or view, of the thing being modeled.
33、 UML 2.0 divides diagrams into two categories: structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams. (4) are used to capture the physical organization of the things in your system, i.e., how one object relates to another. (5) focus on the behavior of elements in a system. For example, you can use behavioral
34、diagrams to capture requirements, operations, and internal state changes for elements.（分数：5.00）A.ProgrammingB.AnalyzingC.DesigningD.Modeling 解析：A.viewsB.diagrams C.userviewsD.structurepictures解析：A.things B.picturesC.languagesD.diagrams解析：A.ActivitydiagramsB.Use-casediagramsC.Structuraldiagrams D.Beh
35、avioraldiagrams解析：A.Activity diagramsB.Use-case diagramsC.Structural diagramsD.Behavioral 解析：参考译文 不用说，UML 的聚焦点是建模。然而，这就意味着它是个开放式问题。建模是一种以规范好的符号(这些符号可以应用于许多不同的领域)记录概念、关系、决策和需求的方法。建模不仅意味着对不同的人有不同的事物，也可以根据你的需求来使用不同的 UML 块。一般意义上，UML 由一个或多个图组成。图能够形象化地表示事物以及这些事物之间的联系。这些事物能代表现实世界中的物体、纯软件结构或者一些其他物体行为的描述。在 U
36、ML 中用多个图形表示单个物体是非常普遍的；每个图形代表被建模事物的某个特定的方面。UML 2.0 将图形划分为两个范畴：结构图和行为图。结构图用于记录系统中事物的物理组织以及与其他模块怎样联系。行为图则把重心放在系统中元素的行为上。例如，你可以用行为图记录需求、操作以及元素的内部状态的变化。Object-oriented analysis (OOA) is a semiformal specification technique for the object-oriented paradigm. Object-oriented analysis consists ofthree steps.
37、 The first step is (6) . It determines how the various results are computed by the product and presents this information in the form of a (7) and associated scenarios. The second is (8) , which determines the classes and their attributes, then determines the interrelationships and interaction among
38、the classes. The last step is (9) , which determines the actions performed by or to each class or subclass and presents this information in the form of (10) .（分数：5.00）A.use-casemodeling B.classmodelingC.dynamic modelingD.behavioralmodeling解析：A.collaborationdiagramB.sequencediagramC.use-case diagram
39、D.activity diagram解析：A.use-casemodelingB.classmodeling C.dynamicmodelingD.behavioralmodeling解析：A.use-casemodelingB.classmodelingC.dynamicmodeling D.behavioralmodeling解析：A.activity diagramB.component diagramC.sequence diagramD.state diagram 解析：参考译文 面向对象分析是一个面向对象的半正式化的规范技术。它由三个阶段组成。第一阶段是用例建模，通过用例建模能计算
40、出多种结果，并以用例图和相关场景的形式体现这些信息。第二阶段是类建模，通过类建模能够确定类及其属性，在此基础上就能确定类之间的内部联系和变互作用。最后一阶段是动态建模，通过动态建模能够确定每个类及其子类的行为作用，并以状态图来体现这些信息。People are indulging in an illusion whenever they find themselves explaining at a cocktail(鸡尾酒 ) party, say, that they are “in computers,“ or “ in telecommunications,“ or “in elect
41、ronic funds transfer“. The implication is that they are part of the high-tech world. Just between us, they usually arent. The researchers who made fundamental breakthroughs in those areas are in a high-tech business. The rest of us are (11) of their work. We use computers and other new technology co
42、mponents to develop our products or to organize our affairs. Because we go about this work in teams and projects and other tightly knit working group(紧密联系在一起的工作小组 ), we are mostly in the human communication business. Our successes stem from good human interactions by all participants in the effort,
43、and our failures stem from poor human interactions.The main reason we tend to focus on the (12) rather than the human side of work is not because its more (13) , but because its easier to do. Getting the new disk drive installed is positively trivial compared to figurine out why Horace is in a blue
44、funk(恐惧)or why Susan is dissatisfied with the company aver only a few months. Human interactions are complicated and never very crisp(干脆的,干净利落的) and clean in their effects, but they matter more than any other aspect of the work.If you find yourself concentrating on the (14) rather than the (15) , yo
45、ure like the vaudeville character(杂耍人物)who loses his Keys on a dark street and looks for them on the adjacent street because, as he explains, “The light is better there!/（分数：5.00）A.creatorsB.innovatorsC.appliers D.inventors解析：A.technical B.classicalC.socialD.societal解析：A.trivialB.crucial C.minorD.in
46、significant解析：A.technology B.sociologyC.physiologyD.astronomy解析：A.technologyB.sociology C.physiologyD.astronomy解析：要点解析 如果人们发现自己在鸡尾酒会上侃侃而谈自己从事于计算机、无线电通信或者电子资金转账行业，此时他们正沉湎于幻想之中。他们的意思是自己是高科技世界的一分子。而在我们之间，他们往往不是。在这些领域中，只有取得根本性突破的研究者才能称得上是高科技行业中人。剩下的我们只是他们的成果的应用者。我们使用计算机或者其他新的工艺元件去开发产品，或者去组织我们的事务。因为完成工作的
47、是紧密联系在一起的工作小组，所以我们通常是处在人际交往行业中。我们的成功源于能够很好得处理与所有参与者之间的人际关系，失败则源于欠缺的人际交流。工作中，我们倾向于关注技术而不是工作中人性的一面，这并不是因为技术更为重要，而是因为用起来简单。相对于指出为什么 Horace 不胜恐惧或者 Susan 最近几个月对公司不满的原因，安装一个新的硬盘驱动器是再普通不过的事了。人际交往是复杂的，它们的影响不会立竿见影，但是比工作中任何其他方面都要紧。如果你发现自己专注于技术而不是社会学，你就像一个在黑暗的街上丢失了钥匙，而在邻街寻找的杂耍人员，按照他的解释，“那边的光线比较好。”Observe that
48、for the programmer, as for the chef, the urgency of the patron(顾客)may govern the scheduled completion of the task, but it cannot govern the actual completion. An omelette(煎鸡蛋 ), promised in two minutes, may appear to be progressing nicely. But when it has not set in two minutes, the customer has two
49、 choiceswaits or eats it raw. Software customers have had (16) choices.Now I do not think software (17) have less inherent courage and firmness than chefs, nor than other engineering managers. But false (18) to match the patrons desired date is much more common in our discipline than elsewhere in engineering. It is very (19) to make a vigorous, plausible, and job risking defense of an estimate that is derived by no quantitative method, supported by little data, and certified chiefly by the hunches of the managers.Clearly two solutions are needed. We need to
