1、 TR CISPR 18-2Edition 2.0 2010-06TECHNICAL REPORT Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits TRCISPR 18-2:2010(E)INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE THIS PUBLICATION IS CO
2、PYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2010 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either
3、IEC or IECs member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information. IEC Cen
4、tral Office 3, rue de Varemb CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Email: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch About the IEC The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technolog
5、ies. About IEC publications The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published. Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub The IEC on-line Catalogue ena
6、bles you to search by a variety of criteria (reference number, text, technical committee,). It also gives information on projects, withdrawn and replaced publications. IEC Just Published: www.iec.ch/online_news/justpub Stay up to date on all new IEC publications. Just Published details twice a month
7、 all new publications released. Available on-line and also by email. Electropedia: www.electropedia.org The worlds leading online dictionary of electronic and electrical terms containing more than 20 000 terms and definitions in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also
8、 known as the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary online. Customer Service Centre: www.iec.ch/webstore/custserv If you wish to give us your feedback on this publication or need further assistance, please visit the Customer Service Centre FAQ or contact us: Email: csciec.ch Tel.: +41 22 919 02
9、11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 TR CISPR 18-2Edition 2.0 2010-06TECHNICAL REPORT Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-voltage equipment Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XBICS 33.100.01 PRICE CODEISBN
10、 978-2-88912-017-8INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission 2 TR CISPR 18-2 IEC:2010(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.6 INTRODUCTION.8 1 Scope.10 2 Normative references .10 3 Terms and definitions .11 4 Measurements11 4.1 Measurin
11、g instruments 11 4.1.1 Response of a standard quasi-peak CISPR measuring receiver to a.c. generated corona noise .11 4.1.2 Other measuring instruments.12 4.2 On-site measurements on HV overhead power lines12 4.2.1 General .12 4.2.2 Measurements in the frequency range from 0,15 MHz to 30 MHz.12 4.2.3
12、 Measurements in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz14 4.3 Statistical evaluation of the radio noise level of a line15 4.4 Additional information to be given in the report16 4.5 Measurements on HV equipment in the laboratory.16 4.5.1 Overview .16 4.5.2 State of the test object.17 4.5.3 Test a
13、rea.17 4.5.4 Atmospheric conditions18 4.5.5 Test circuit Basic diagram.18 4.5.6 Practical arrangement of the test circuit.18 4.5.7 Test circuit components.19 4.5.8 Measuring receiver connections 19 4.5.9 Mounting and arrangement of test object .21 4.5.10 Measurement frequency 21 4.5.11 Checking of t
14、he test circuit 21 4.5.12 Calibration of the test circuit 21 4.5.13 Test procedure 22 4.5.14 Related observations during the test23 4.5.15 Data to be given in test report .23 5 Methods for derivation of limits for HV power systems24 5.1 Overview .24 5.2 Significance of CISPR limits for power lines 2
15、4 5.3 Technical considerations for derivation of limits for lines .25 5.3.1 Basic approach25 5.3.2 Scope25 5.3.3 Minimum broadcast signal levels to be protected.26 5.3.4 Required signal-to-noise ratio27 5.3.5 Use of data on radio noise compiled during measurements in the field .28 5.3.6 Use of data
16、obtained by prediction of the radio noise from high-voltage overhead power lines 29 5.4 Methods of determining compliance of measured data with limits 30 5.4.1 Long-term recording 30 5.4.2 Sampling method.31 TR CISPR 18-2 IEC:2010(E) 3 5.4.3 Survey methods.31 5.4.4 Alternative criteria for an accept
17、able noise level 31 5.5 Examples for derivation of limits in the frequency range below 30 MHz .32 5.5.1 Radio reception .32 5.5.2 Television reception, 47 MHz to 230 MHz33 5.6 Additional remarks 34 5.7 Technical considerations for derivation of limits for line equipment and HVAC substations .34 5.7.
18、1 General .34 5.7.2 Current injected by line components and hardware35 5.7.3 Current injected by substation equipment 35 5.7.4 Practical derivation of limits in the l.f. and m.f. band 35 6 Methods for derivation of limits for the radio noise produced by insulator sets .37 6.1 General considerations3
19、7 6.2 Insulator types.37 6.3 Influence of insulator surface conditions38 6.3.1 General .38 6.3.2 Clean insulators 38 6.3.3 Slightly polluted insulators.38 6.3.4 Polluted insulators.39 6.4 Criteria for setting up radio noise limits for insulators 39 6.4.1 General .39 6.4.2 Criterion for insulators to
20、 be installed in type A areas 40 6.4.3 Criterion for insulators to be installed in type B areas 40 6.4.4 Criterion for insulators to be installed in type C areas40 6.5 Recommendations.40 7 Methods for derivation of limits for the radio noise due to HVDC converter stations and similar installations 4
21、2 7.1 General considerations42 7.2 Sources of interference .43 7.2.1 Mechanism of radio noise generation 43 7.2.2 Influence of station design on radio interference43 7.3 Radiated fields from valve halls.44 7.3.1 Frequency spectra.44 7.3.2 Lateral attenuation.44 7.3.3 Reduction of the radio interfere
22、nce due to direct radiation from the valve hall.44 7.4 Conducted interference along the transmission lines .45 7.4.1 Description of the mechanism and typical longitudinal profiles.45 7.4.2 Reduction of the interference conducted along the transmission lines45 7.5 General criteria for stating limits4
23、6 7.5.1 Overview .46 7.5.2 Direct radiation46 7.5.3 Propagation along the lines .46 8 Figures.48 Annex A (informative) Radio interference measuring apparatus differing from the CISPR basic standard instruments62 Annex B (normative) List of additional information to be included in the report on the r
24、esults of measurements on operational lines .63 4 TR CISPR 18-2 IEC:2010(E) Annex C (informative) Minimum broadcast signal levels to be protected ITU recommendations .64 Annex D (informative) Minimum broadcast signals to be protected North American standards65 Annex E (informative) Required signal-t
25、o-noise ratios for satisfactory reception.66 Annex F (informative) Derivation of the formula for the protected distance.69 Bibliography70 Figure 1 Transformation of pulses through a CISPR measuring receiver 48 Figure 2 Bursts of corona pulses generated by alternating voltage.49 Figure 3 Example of e
26、xtrapolation to determine the radio noise field strength reference level of a power line, here at the direct reference distance of 20 m .49 Figure 4 Basic test circuit.50 Figure 5 Standard test circuit .50 Figure 6 Connection to the measuring receiver by a coaxial cable .51 Figure 7 Connection to th
27、e measuring receiver by a balanced cable 51 Figure 8 Special test circuit51 Figure 9 Arrangement for calibration of the standard test circuit.52 Figure 10 Map showing boundaries of zones A, B, and C in regions 1 and 353 Figure 11 Illustration of the four basic parameters for a power transmission lin
28、e 54 Figure 12 Example of typical statistical yearly “all-weather“ distributions of the radio-noise levels of a bipolar direct current line (-) and for an alternating current line in a moderate climate (- - -) .55 Figure 13 Example of radio noise voltage level V, as a function of the relative air hu
29、midity R.H., in clean conditions and slightly polluted conditions, of a standard insulator (-) and a particular type of “low noise“ insulator (- - -) .56 Figure 14 Example of frequency spectra of pulses with different rise times, simulating commutation phenomena in mercury valves and in thyristor va
30、lves.56 Figure 15 Example of frequency spectra of the radio interference recorded outside the hall of a mercury arc valve converter station with and without toroidal filters .57 Figure 16 Example of frequency spectra of the radio interference recorded outside the hall of a thyristor valve converter
31、station for different operating conditions57 Figure 17 Attenuation of the field strength as a function of the distance on a horizontal plane, for different frequencies .58 Figure 18 Example of frequency spectrum of the radio interference in the vicinity of a d.c. line (30 m) at a short distance from
32、 the converter station 59 Figure 19 Example of frequency spectrum of the radio interference in the vicinity of an a.c. line (20 m) at a short distance from the converter station 60 Figure 20 Frequency spectra of radio interference at 20 m from the electrode line at 1,5 km from the Gotland HVDC link
33、in Sweden with mercury arc groups or thyristor groups in operation.60 Figure 21 Frequency spectra of radio interference at 20 m from the electrode line at 1,5 km and 4,5 km from the Gotland HVDC link in Sweden with mercury arc groups in operation 61 Figure 22 Frequency spectra of the radio interfere
34、nce recorded along a 200 kV d.c. line, at 20 m from the conductor, at different distances from the converter station 61 Table 1 Number of n sets of measurement of the radio noise level and corresponding values for factor k 16 TR CISPR 18-2 IEC:2010(E) 5 Table 2 Minimum usable broadcast signal field
35、strengths in the v.h.f bands according to CCIR 27 Table 3 Recommendations for the radio noise voltage limits and for the test methods for insulator sets installed in different areas42 Table C.1 Minimum field strength.64 Table C.2 Nominal usable field strength.64 Table D.1 Signal levels at the edge o
36、f the service area in North America.65 Table E.1 Summary of signal-to-noise ratios for corona from a.c. lines (Signal measured with average detector, noise measured with quasi-peak detector).66 Table E.2 Quality of radio reception or degree of annoyance due to RFI 67 6 TR CISPR 18-2 IEC:2010(E) INTE
37、RNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE _ RADIO INTERFERENCE CHARACTERISTICS OF OVERHEAD POWER LINES AND HIGH-VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT Part 2: Methods of measurement and procedure for determining limits FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commi
38、ssion (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and i
39、n addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee i
40、nterested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordanc
41、e with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interes
42、ted IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsibl
43、e for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence bet
44、ween any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of c
45、onformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and m
46、embers of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publicatio
47、n or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publicatio
48、n may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collec
49、ted data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. CISPR 18-2, which is a technical report, has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee B: Interference relating to industrial, scientific and medical radio-frequency apparatus, to other (heavy) industrial equipment, to overhead power lines, to high voltage equipment and to electric traction. This second edition cancels and repla