1、 Reference number ISO/IEC 20016-1:2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 20016-1 First edition 2014-02-15 Information technology for learning, education and training Language accessibility and human interface equivalencies (HIEs) in e-learning applications Part 1: Framework and reference
2、 model for semantic interoperability Technologies de linformation pour lapprentissage, lducation et la formation Accessibilit au langage et quivalences dinterface humaines (HIEs) dans les application dapprentissage lectronique Partie 1: Cadre et modle de rfrence pour linteroprabilit smantique ISO/IE
3、C 20016-1:2014(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from eithe
4、r ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedISO/IEC 20016-1:2014
5、(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword viii Introduction ix 0 Introduction . ix 0.1 Purpose and overview . ix 0.2 Benefits to implementers of this multipart ISO/IEC 20016 standard . x 0.3 Primary sources of requirements . xi 0.4 Key concept of “individual accessibility” xiii
6、0.5 Holistic approach . xiv 0.6 Use of “jurisdictional domain“, jurisdiction, country . xix 0.7 Use of “person“, “individual, “organization“, “public administration“ and “person” . xx 0.8 Importance of definitions and terms xxi 0.9 Standard based on rules and guidelines xxii 0.10 Size of document an
7、d role of “iso/iec 20016-1 framework and reference model for semantic interoperability” xxii 0.11 Organization and description of document . xxiii 1 Scope 1 1.1 Statement of scope Multipart standard 1 1.2 Scope of this part of ISO/IEC 20016 “framework and reference model for semantic interoperabilit
8、y” . 2 1.3 Exclusions 3 1.3.1 Physical aspects of individual accessibility . 3 1.3.2 Person: individuals, organizations, and public administrations 3 1.3.3 Artificial languages: Programming languages, Mark-up languages, etc 3 1.3.4 Non-recorded information 4 1.3.5 Determining the individuals capabil
9、ity(ies) to communicate in a language(s) 4 1.3.6 Universal design and related Functional Services View (FSV) aspects 4 1.3.7 General aspects of culture and environment . 5 1.4 Aspects not currently addressed in this 1edition 5 1.4.1 Introduction - Focus and scope of 1 edition of ISO/IEC 20016-1 . 5
10、1.4.2 The creation of accessible HIEs 5 1.4.3 Rules and procedures governing the four quadrants (each or combinations) of the Human Interface Equivalency Model (HIEM) 5 1.4.4 Creation of abbreviations and acronyms as HIEs . 6 1.4.5 Template for specifying semantic interoperability requirements 6 1.4
11、.6 Localization aspects . 6 1.4.7 Various aspects of HIE semantic collaboration space (SCS) . 6 1.4.8 Role of an “AfA agent” 6 1.4.9 Privacy protection, consumer protection, human rights, etc. 7 1.5 IT-systems environment neutrality 7 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Symbols an
12、d abbreviated terms 35 5 Conformance . 37 5.1 Introduction 37 5.2 Conformance to this part of ISO/IEC 20016 “framework and reference model” . 37 6 Fundamental principles and assumptions . 37 6.1 Introduction 37 6.2 Principles governing the ISO/IEC 20016 multipart standard 39 ISO/IEC 20016-1:2014(E)
13、iv ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved6.2.1 Principle #1 - Support the requirements of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 39 6.2.2 Principle #2 - Support requirements of jurisdictional domains on language accessibility and Human Interface Equivalents (HIEs) 39 6.2.3 Principle
14、#3 - Support linguistic diversity and cultural adaptability of individual users around the world 40 6.2.4 Principle #4 - Inclusive design .40 6.2.5 Principle #5 - Multiple source languages 41 6.2.6 Principle #6 - Rule-based approach .41 6.2.7 Principle #7 - Ability to support various levels of granu
15、larity and scale-ability .42 6.2.8 Principle #8 - Integrated approach to internal and external constraints .42 6.2.9 Principle #9 - Maximize use of existing international standards and specifications .43 6.2.10 Principle #10 - Maximize an approach which is systematic, IT-enabled, supports computatio
16、nal integrity, and yet is (specific) IT-platform neutral 43 6.2.11 Principle #11 - Support the three strategic directions of ISO/IEC JTC1 standards development namely: (1) portability; (2) Interoperability; and, (3) and cultural adaptability .44 6.3 Added principles governing the development of ISO/
17、IEC 20016-1 44 7 Semantic interopability and levels of semantic equivalency 44 7.1 Introduction 44 7.2 Summary of UN convention (and related requirements) .44 7.3 Levels of semantic equivalence .45 8 Public policy requirements of jurisdictional domains .47 8.1 Introduction 47 8.2 Jurisdictional doma
18、ins and public policy requirements .47 8.3 Individual accessibility 48 8.3.1 Introduction 48 8.3.2 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities as a key public policy requirement 48 8.3.3 Individual accessibility 49 8.4 Consumer protection 51 8.5 Privacy protection52 8.6 Human rights (ot
19、her) .53 8.7 Public policy requirements and localization aspects 53 8.8 Use of “AfA agents” and third parties in decision-taking and commitment-making .54 9 Semantic collaboration space and levels of semantic unambiguity 54 9.1 Introduction 54 9.2 (HIE) Semantic Collaboration Space56 9.3 Two perspec
20、tives of a Semantic Collaboration Space (SCS): Semantic Operational View (SOV) AND Functional Services Support View (FSSV) 58 10 Rules governing use of language and language accessibility .59 10.1 Introduction 59 10.2 Choice of language internal constraints perspective .60 10.3 Choice of language ex
21、ternal constraints perspective 62 10.3.1 Introduction 62 10.3.2 Official (or “de facto”) language 62 10.3.3 Legally Recognized Language (LRL) .64 10.4 Individual accessibility language .65 10.5 Gender, and official, de facto, or LRL languages .65 10.6 Declared Semantic Equivalent (DSE) 67 11 Levels
22、and degrees of linguistic equivalence 67 11.1 Introduction 67 11.2 Levels of lexical (quantitative) equivalency 68 11.3 Degrees Of Linguistic Equivalences (DLE) .68 11.4 Use of ISO 5964 in ISO/IEC 20016 68 12 Human Interface Equivalency Model (HIEM) .69 12.1 Introduction 69 12.2 Approach and key req
23、uirements 69 ISO/IEC 20016-1:2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved v12.3 The Human Interface Equivalency Model (HIEM) itself . 70 12.4 Role of a HIE identifier 72 13 Template for specifying individual accessibility requirements applicable to any HIE as a SRI . 72 13.1 Introduction to and purpose
24、of template 72 13.2 Template structure and content . 73 13.2.1 IT-interface needs perspective . 73 13.2.2 Human interface needs perspective 74 13.3 General rules governing use of template 75 13.4 Specific rules governing entries in the template . 75 13.5 Template . 75 14 Rules governing the structur
25、e, management and addition of new parts of this multipart standard . 75 14.1 Introduction 75 14.2 Default template for “table of contents” of parts of ISO/IEC 20016 . 75 14.3 Reserve ISO/IEC 20016-10 for a consolidated vocabulary 77 Annex A (normative) Consolidated list of terms and definitions with
26、 cultural adaptability: ISO English and ISO French language equivalency . 78 A.1 Introduction 78 A.2 ISO English and ISO French . 78 A.3 Cultural adaptability and quality control . 78 A.4 Organization of ANNEX A - Consolidated list in matrix form . 79 A.5 Consolidated list of ISO/IEC 20016-1 Terms a
27、nd definitions 80 Annex B (normative) Impacts and requirements of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on requirements for semantic interoperability for language accessibility and Human Interface Equivalents (HIEs) 147 B.1 Introduction and purpose . 147 B.2 Summary overview 1
28、47 B.3 Impact of the UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006) 151 B.3.1 Objective of Clause B.3 . 151 B.3.2 Key objectives and requirements of the UN Convention impacting ISO/IEC 20016-1 Framework and Reference Model 151 Annex C (normative) Degrees of linguistic equivalences based
29、 on ISO 5964 . 155 C.1 Introduction and context 155 C.2 Purpose 155 C.3 Summary of ISO 5964 Degrees Of Linguistic Equivalence (DLE) 155 C.4 Application and use of ISO 5964 in an ISO/IEC 20016-1 context 157 Annex D (normative) Individual Accessibility Model: (IAM) . 159 D.1 Introduction 159 D.2 Purpo
30、se 160 D.3 Key elements of the Individual Accessibility Model (IAM) 160 D.3.1 Introduction 160 D.3.2 Summary overview of Business Transaction Model (BTM) 160 D.3.3 Three key elements of the individual accessibility model 163 Annex E (normative) Default conventions for unambiguous identification and
31、referencing of codes representing jurisdictional domains (countries), languages and currencies in support of semantic interoperability . 165 E.1 Introduction 165 E.2 Purpose 167 E.3 Exclusions to Annex E 167 E.4 Current issues and approach taken 168 E.4.1 Summary of nature of issues pertaining to in
32、terworking of codes representing countries, languages, and currencies . 168 E.4.2 ISO 3166-1 “Country Codes“ 169 E.4.3 ISO 639-2 “Language Codes“ . 170 E.4.4 ISO 4217 “Currency Codes“ . 171 ISO/IEC 20016-1:2014(E) vi ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedE.5 Principles governing approach taken 171 E.6 Com
33、mon default conventions . 172 E.6.1 Default convention #1 for the unambiguous identification and referencing of combinations of codes representing countries, languages and currencies in support of semantic interoperability . 172 E.6.2 Default convention #2 for the ordering of codes representing coun
34、tries, languages and currencies 172 E.7 Application of default convention #1 for identifying codes representing countries, languages and currencies with default convention #2 for ordering them 173 E.8 Examples of applying “default convention #1” in an ITLET context . 173 Annex F (normative) Classes
35、of constraints . 174 F.1 Introduction . 174 F.2 Purpose 174 F.3 Constraints: internal and external 174 Annex G (informative) Summary on issues of language equivalencies . 179 G.1 Introduction and context 179 G.2 Purpose 180 G.3 Summary notes on “language equivalency” . 180 G.4 Bibliography 183 Annex
36、 H (informative) Examples of multiple Human Interface Equivalents (HIEs) for a single IT- Interface Identifier . 185 H.1 Purpose and use of Annex H . 185 H.2 Example 1: Taken from ISO 19135:2005 (E) . 185 H.3 Example 2: Taken from ISO/IEC 5218:2004 187 Annex I (informative) Examples of the need for
37、specifying gender of terms and nouns to ensure unambiguity in the use of an official language . 190 I.1 Introduction . 190 I.2 Organization of the ANNEX I matrix 190 I.3 Examples of the same word having two gender forms and two different meanings 191 Annex J (informative) Case study of multilingual
38、retrieval of HIEs for unilingual users: the “potato” . 192 Annex K (informative) Notes on standard table of contents template for parts 2+ of ISO/IEC 20016 . 195 K.1 Introduction . 195 K.2 Notes on Clause 0 Introduction . 195 K.3 Notes on Clause 1 Scope . 195 K.4 Notes on Clause 2 Normative referenc
39、es . 196 K.5 Notes on Clause 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 196 K.6 Notes on Clause 5 Conformance 196 K.7 Notes on Clause 6 Fundamental principles and assumptions 196 Annex L (informative) ISO/IEC 14662 open-edi reference model, commitment exchange and collaboration space 197 L.1 Introduction . 1
40、97 L.2 Relevance of open-edi reference model . 198 L.3 Basic aspects of open-edi collaboration space: content provider and individual user 199 Annex M (informative) Implementation considerations for the ISO/IEC 20016-1 Framework and reference model 203 M.1 Introduction . 203 M.2 Purpose 203 M.3 Impl
41、ementation considerations . 203 M.3.1 Application of Clause 1.4 “Aspects not currently addressed in this 1 stedition” 203 M.3.2 Implementation of individual accessibility as a human right is enforced by jurisdictional domain requirements . 203 M.3.3 Intended use of a SRI as prepared by a content pro
42、vider 204 M.4 Example case studies as “scenarios” 205 Annex N (informative) Contributors and acknowledgement 208 ISO/IEC 20016-1:2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved viiBibliography 209 ISO/IEC 20016-1:2014(E) viii ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for
43、Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective orga
44、nization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technol
45、ogy, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
46、adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subjec
47、t of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 20016-1 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 36, Information technology for learning, education and training. ISO/IEC 20016
48、 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology for learning, education and training Language accessibility and human interface equivalencies (HIEs) in e-learning applications: Part 1: Framework and reference model for semantic interoperability ISO/IEC 20016-1:2014(E
49、) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved ixIntroduction 0 Introduction 0.1 Purpose and overview In an “Access for All” (AfA) approach, a key missing component in the development of ITLET standards, in support of culture, language, and individual needs is one which focuses on the (intended) meaning and use of the contents of the recorded information being interchanged among, on the one hand, (1) an individual as a learner, and, on the other, (2) other Persons in an ITLET context. This requires the assurance of the development
