1、 ISO 2014 Graphic notations for concept modelling in terminology work and its relationship with UML Part 1: Guidelines for using UML notation in terminology work Notations graphiques pour la modlisation des concepts en terminologie et ses relations avec UML Partie 1: Lignes directrices pour lapplica
2、tion de la notation UML dans le travail terminologique INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24156-1 First edition 2014-10-01 Reference number ISO 24156-1:2014(E) ISO 24156-1:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of
3、 this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body i
4、n the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 24156-1:2014(E)Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T er
5、ms and definitions . 1 4 Abbreviated terms 3 5 Mapping UML symbols to terminological concepts 3 5.1 General . 3 5.2 Concept 3 5.3 Concept system . 3 5.4 Attributes (generalization) and characteristics (generic relation) . 4 5.5 Type of characteristics and criterion of subdivision 5 5.6 Concept relat
6、ions 9 6 Common features of UML used to extend concept modelling .18 6.1 General 18 6.2 Multiplicity 18 6.3 Constraint .19 Annex A (informative) Table of correspondence between ISO 1087-1 concepts and their adopt ed s ymbols in the ISO 24156-1 user-defined UML pr ofile 21 Bibliography .24 ISO 2014 A
7、ll rights reserved iii ISO 24156-1:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member
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9、rotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types o
10、f ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be hel
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13、llowing URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 37, Terminology and other language and content resources, Subcommittee SC 1, Principles and methods. This first edition of ISO 24156-1 cancels and replaces ISO/TR 24156:2008, which has been techni
14、cally revised. ISO 24156 consists of the following parts, under the general title Graphic notations for concept modelling in terminology work and its relationship with UML: Part 1: Guidelines for using UML notation in terminology workiv ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 24156-1:2014(E) Introduction T
15、erminology work combines elements from many theoretical approaches which concern the processing, ordering, and presentation of knowledge. The basic method of terminology work is concept analysis, which aims to achieve a comprehensive description and presentation of concepts in a subject field. Tradi
16、tionally, the results of concept analysis in terminology are presented in the form of one or more concept diagrams and a set of terms with textual definitions. In object-oriented programming, graphic techniques are used to describe entity types which are characterized by certain properties and behav
17、iour. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a widely used formal language which can be used for all kinds of object modelling (information modelling, data modelling, etc.). This part of ISO 24156 describes the application of UML symbols by providing a user-defined UML profile for presenting the res
18、ults of concept analysis. This UML profile re-uses UML symbols independent of their normal UML semantics to represent terminological concept diagrams in accordance with the principles of ISO 1087-1 and ISO 704. The use of UML symbols is not meant to become a replacement for traditional concept diagr
19、ams, but is intended to be an alternative and supplementary notation. This part of ISO 24156 is meant to promote the use of concept analysis when developing concept diagrams (including concept models), information models, and data models. The core text describes in which way a user-defined UML profi
20、le represents concept diagrams. Annex A contains a table of correspondence between concepts of ISO 1087-1 and suggested representations in UML. ISO/IEC 19505-1 and ISO/IEC 19505-2 are referenced in this part of ISO 24156. In ISO/IEC 19505-1 and ISO/IEC 19505-2, there is no “Terms and definitions” cl
21、ause. Instead, every UML concept is described in the normative text. When a reference to ISO/IEC 19505-2 is given in the “Terms and definitions” clause, the definition given in this part of ISO 24156 is adapted from the descriptive text in ISO/IEC 19505-2. Therefore, the definition is noted “Adapted
22、 from ISO/IEC 19505-2”. ISO 2014 All rights reserved v Graphic notations for concept modelling in terminology work and its relationship with UML Part 1: Guidelines for using UML notation in terminology work 1 Scope This part of ISO 24156 gives guidelines for using a subset of UML symbols independent
23、 of their normal UML meaning, to represent concepts in concept models that result from concept analysis. It describes how UML symbols can be used for that. A UML profile designed for this purpose is used to represent concepts and concept relations in terminology work. This part of ISO 24156 does not
24、 describe UML and its general use in depth. These matters are covered in ISO/IEC 19505-1 and ISO/IEC 19505-2. This part of ISO 24156 does not describe the principles and methods of terminology work. This is covered in ISO 704. This part of ISO 24156 does not define the fundamental concepts of termin
25、ology work. This is covered in ISO 1087-1. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of t
26、he referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 704:2009, Terminology work Principles and methods ISO 1087-1:2000, Terminology work Vocabulary Part 1: Theory and application ISO 10241-1, T erminological entries in standards Part 1: General requirements and examples of presentation ISO
27、/IEC 19505-1:2012, Information technology Object Management Group Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML) Part 1: Infrastructure ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012, Information technology Object Management Group Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML) Part 2: Superstructure 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of
28、this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 1087-1 and the following apply. 3.1 concept diagram graphic representation of a concept system SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.12 3.2 concept model concept diagram (ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.12) formed by means of a formal language (3.6) INTERNATIONAL ST
29、 ANDARD ISO 24156-1:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1 ISO 24156-1:2014(E) 3.3 concept model view image of a defined part of a concept model (3.2) 3.4 concept system set of concepts structured according to the relations among them SOURCE: ISO 1087-1:2000, 3.2.11 3.5 constraint semantic restricti
30、on of model elements Note 1 to entry: Adapted from ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012, 7.3.10. Note 2 to entry: A constraint is used to restrict the possible options for a class or a relationship. In concept modelling, constraints can be used to show how concepts/relationships interact and how they are delimited.
31、 EXAMPLE In a generic relation, no more specific concepts than those depicted are possible constraint complete. 3.6 formal language language whose rules are explicitly established before its use Note 1 to entry: A formal language is not meant to be spoken. Its purpose is to assure exact communicatio
32、n of information, e.g. between computer systems and between man and computer. EXAMPLE Web Ontology Language (OWL). 3.7 multiplicity when used in class diagrams constraint (3.5) on the range of allowed instances of an object or an attribute SOURCE: ISO/IEC 14776-151:2010, modified By replacing “indic
33、ation of” with “constraint on”, this terminological entry is made consistent with the other terms and definitions in this part of ISO 24156. Note 1 to entry: In concept modelling, a multiplicity constraint specifies how many objects depicted by a certain concept can be related to the objects depicte
34、d by another concept, i.e. in an associative or in a partitive relation. EXAMPLE 1 A characteristic of a month is that it is a period of 28 to 31 days (2831). Thus, the multiplicity of day with respect to month is “2831”. EXAMPLE 2 A mouse (pointing device) can or cannot have a ball, depending on wh
35、ether it is a mechanical or optical mouse. Thus, it has zero balls or one ball (01). In that case, the multiplicity itself is a criterion of subdivision, as a mechanical mouse has exactly one ball (1). Note 2 to entry: Multiplicity applies to attributes as well. 3.8 notation set of symbols, and the
36、rules for their use, for the representation of data SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-5:1999, 05.01.01 3.9 symbol graphic representation of a concept that has meaning in a specific context SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993, 01.02.072 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 24156-1:2014(E) 4 Abbreviated terms UML Unified Mode
37、ling Language 5 Mapping UML symbols to terminological concepts 5.1 General This clause describes how concepts defined in ISO 1087-1 can be represented in concept modelling by means of a limited set of UML symbols. Features which are not described in this clause are outside the scope of this part of
38、ISO 24156. Each paragraph describes the principles according to which UML symbols can be used in concept modelling. In this part of ISO 24156, UML symbols are only used as graphic representations, hence are not used to equate UML semantics with ISO 1087-1 semantics. Table A.1 visualizes ISO 1087-1 c
39、oncepts and their corresponding UML symbols. 5.2 Concept For the modelling of a concept, the UML class symbol (ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012, 7.3.7) can be adopted, which is a solid-outline rectangle displaying the class name. The UML class name is centred in boldface and with an initial uppercase character.
40、 (If the class name consists of more than one word, the words are joined together and the initial character of every word is capitalized; for designations, please refer to ISO 10241-1.) The designation (ISO 1087-1) of the concept in the user-defined UML profile is centred, in boldface, and in lowerc
41、ase, except for uppercase characters that constitute part of the normal spelling of the term in a running text (ISO 10241-1). This applies both to individual concepts (ISO 1087-1) and to general concepts (ISO 1087-1). pol Class ClassName concept designation cocpt gato Figure 1 Class (class name) and
42、 concept (designation) 5.3 Concept system A concept model (see 3.2) is meant to depict and represent a concept system (see 3.4). A graphic tool can store the concept model in a formal language (see 3.6), making it possible to transform, using a machine-readable format, the concept model to data mode
43、lling, information modelling, and software development systems. EXAMPLE Concept model for pointing devices (see Figure 2). ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3 ISO 24156-1:2014(E) Figure 2 Concept model that depicts generic relations for pointing devices 5.4 Attributes (generalization) and characteristics
44、 (generic relation) For concept modelling using UML symbols, the UML class symbol is used (see Figure 1), which is a rectangle. In it, the top compartment displays the class name (centred, in boldface, and capitalized), and the middle one a list of attribute names (left justified, plain face, and lo
45、wercase) and attribute types (left justified, plain face, and capitalized). The bottom compartment in the UML class symbol, used to show class operations in ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012, is not used to represent ISO 1087-1 concepts, and is therefore not shown in this International Standard. To convert the c
46、lass symbol to an ISO-compatible modelling template, a concept is modelled by a rectangle which has equally two compartments, with the top one displaying the designation (in accordance with ISO 10241-1) and the bottom one displaying the characteristics. The UML string attribute = value represents th
47、e characteristics. Figure 3 Attributes and characteristics in UML and in the ISO 24156-1 u s er - de f i ne d U M L pr of i le An ellipsis indicates that there are elements which are not shown in the concept model (see Figure 4).4 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 24156-1:2014(E) Figure 4 Attributes
48、and characteristics in UML and in the ISO 24156-1 u s er - de f i ne d U M L pr of i le 5.5 Type of characteristics and criterion of subdivision A type of characteristics is defined as a category of characteristics which serves as the criterion of subdivision when establishing concept systems. The c
49、riterion of subdivision is defined as a criterion according to which a superordinate concept is divided into subordinate concepts. With UML notation, a criterion of subdivision can be represented using two generalization set notations (ISO/IEC 19505- 2:2012, 7.3.20) (see Figures 5 and 6). To visualize classes and their relationships in a class diagram, together with their criteria of subdivision, UML uses two different notations t
