1、Standard test method for measuring the heat release rate of low flammability mattresses and mattress sets Mthode dessai normalise pour mesurer le dbit calorifique de matelas et dlments de matelas inflammabilit rduite ISO 2011 Reference number ISO 12949:2011(E) First edition 2011-11-01 ISO 12949 INTE
2、RNATIONAL STANDARDISO 12949:2011(E)COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2011 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writi
3、ng from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2011 All rights reservedISO 12949:2
4、011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword . v Introduction .vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions . 1 4 Summary of test method . 2 5 Significance and use 2 6 Apparatus and equipment . 2 6.1 Test area . 2 6.2 Test frame 5 6.3 Ignition source . 6 6.4 Fuel
5、 supply and control .10 6.5 Ignition burner gas flow . 11 7 Test specimens 12 8 Test preparation .12 8.1 Specimen conditioning 12 8.2 Instrument calibration 13 8.3 Specimen orientation .13 8.4 Burner set-up 13 8.5 Burner alignment procedure 14 8.6 Video recording 17 9 Test procedure .18 9.1 Safety p
6、recautions 18 9.2 Burner preparation 18 9.3 Initiation of recording systems 18 9.4 Test initiation 18 9.5 Test conduct .19 10 Test report .19 Annex A (informative) Reducing fire hazards associated with mattress flammability 21 Bibliography .23Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standard
7、ization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to
8、be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Stand
9、ards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Inte
10、rnational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 12949
11、was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 1, Fire initiation and growth. ISO 12949:2011(E)iv ISO 2011 All rights reservedIntroduction A typical bed consists of several components, including a mattress, a foundation, and a collection of bedclothes (e.g. mattress pad,
12、 sheets, pillows, blankets, quilts and/or comforters). Mattress and bedding fires are a major contributor to residential fire deaths 1 . A significant portion of these deaths and injuries results from fires in which the bedclothes are the first items ignited, and those flames ignite the mattress or
13、foundation. In the United States, approximately two-thirds of all deaths from flaming bed fires occur after the room has reached the point of flashover 2 . This accounts for nearly all the fatalities that occur outside the room of fire origin and about half of the fatalities that occur within the ro
14、om of origin. A burning mattress is generally the primary energy contributor to a fatal bedroom fire. Once the mattress is ignited, the fire develops rapidly. Room flashover occurs at heat release rates near or above 1 000 kW (1 MW) for small-to-medium size bedrooms 3 . 1 m wide mattresses, without
15、bedclothes, have been shown to reach peak heat release rates of 2 MW and flash over a room in less than 300 s 3 . In addition, a typical set of bedclothes on a 1 m wide bed can lead to a fire whose peak rate of heat release is approximately 100 kW to 200 kW 4 , with values up to 400 kW possible for
16、the heaviest sets 5 . A bed clothes fire can become appreciably more threatening on larger beds 6 . It follows that a significant reduction in bed fire fatalities can be achieved by reducing the combined peak heat release rate of a bed, the bedclothes, and other furnishings ignited by the bedclothes
17、 to a level well below 1 MW. Current regulation in the United States limits the peak rate of heat release of a mattress and foundation to 200 kW and the total heat release to 15 MJ during the first 10 min of the test 7, 8 . Combined with the typical heat release rate of the bedclothes, which general
18、ly occurs well before the peak heat release from the mattress, the overall heat release rate from the burning bed is substantially below the value that leads to room flashover. Furthermore, as the intensity of the bed fire is decreased this much, there is an accompanying reduction in the spatial ext
19、ent of the radiant heat from flames. This reduces the likelihood that other bedroom furnishings will be ignited by the bed fire and greatly increases the time available for occupants to recognize and escape the fire. This International Standard addresses a fire hazard scenario different from one in
20、which a cigarette ignites the bed and threatens people who might be asleep on the bed with their heads near the location of the dropped cigarette. The resulting deaths most often result from inhalation of the toxic fumes from the smouldering fire and are distinct from the deaths that are to be avert
21、ed by limiting the flaming intensity of the bed fire. In several countries, mattresses are tested for cigarette ignition resistance 9 , which reduces the likelihood of smouldering fires, but infrequently addresses the fire hazard addressed by this International Standard. ISO 12949:2011(E) ISO 2011 A
22、ll rights reserved vINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12949:2011(E) Standard test method for measuring the heat release rate of low flammability mattresses and mattress sets WARNING So that suitable precautions can be taken to safeguard health, the attention of all concerned with fire tests is drawn to the
23、 possibility that toxic or harmful gases are evolved during combustion of test specimens. The test procedures involve high temperatures. Hazards can therefore exist for burns and ignition of extraneous objects or clothing. The operators should use protective clothing, helmets, face-shields, and brea
24、thing equipment for avoiding exposure to toxic gases. Laboratory safety procedures should be set up to ensure the safe termination of tests. It is imperative that adequate means of extinguishing such a fire are provided. 1 Scope This International Standard provides a full-scale test method for deter
25、mining the heat release rate and total heat release from a mattress or a mattress and foundation. The test specimen is ignited by exposure to a pair of gas burners that simulate burning bedclothes 5 . The measurement capability is designed for mattress sets of low flammability, i.e. having a peak ra
26、te of heat release below 300 kW. This International Standard applies to mattresses and mattress and foundation sets. This International Standard does not apply to mattress pads, pillows, blankets, or other items used on top of a mattress. This International Standard is a performance standard and doe
27、s not prescribe the use of any specific components, fire retardant chemicals, or materials, and does not prescribe any design features that might lead to improved or degraded performance of a mattress set. Annex A describes an analysis that indicates the potential reduction in life loss achievable b
28、y limiting the magnitude of the bed fire. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amend
29、ments) applies. ISO 9705, Fire tests Full-scale room test for surface products ISO 13943, Fire safety Vocabulary ISO 24473, Fire tests Open calorimetry Measurement of the rate of production of heat and combustion products for fires of up to 40 MW 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this docu
30、ment, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943 and the following apply. 3.1 foundation ticking-covered structure used to support a mattress or other sleep surface ISO 2011 All rights reserved 13.2 mattress resilient material, used alone or in combination with other materials, enclosed in a ticki
31、ng, and intended or promoted for sleeping upon 3.3 mattress set mattress and foundation labelled for sale as a single unit or a mattress labelled for sale without any foundation 3.4 tape edge edge made by using binding tape to encase and finish raw edges of a mattress or foundation 3.5 ticking outer
32、most layer of fabric or related material of a mattress or foundation NOTE This does not include any layers of fabric or related materials that are quilted together with the outermost layer of fabric or related material. 4 Summary of test method This test method measures the flammability performance
33、of a mattress or mattress set by exposing the specimen to a specified flaming ignition source and allowing it to burn freely in a controlled test area. The test area shall be one of two configurations, either an open calorimeter, as in ISO 24473, or a test room meeting specified dimensions and conne
34、cted to a collection hood. The flaming ignition source is specified as a pair of propane burners, simulating burning bedclothes, that impose differing heat fluxes for differing times on the top and side of the test specimen. Measurements of the time-dependent heat release rate from the test specimen
35、 are made during and after exposure to the specified burners in order to quantify the enthalpy generated by the fire. The rate of heat release is measured by oxygen consumption calorimetry derived from measurements in the exhaust duct. The test continues for 30 min or until there is a significant th
36、reat to the safety of test personnel and/or the test equipment and test facility. 5 Significance and use This International Standard defines an apparatus and a process for measuring the rate of heat release and the total heat generated by a bed whose peak heat release rate is near or under 300 kW. T
37、his value, even combined with the heat release rate from bedclothes for a 1 m wide bed, is significantly lower than the heat release rate that results in flashover of a typical bedroom. 6 Apparatus and equipment 6.1 Test area The test shall be conducted in an open calorimeter or in a test room. 6.1.
38、1 Environmental conditions The test area shall be maintained at a temperature greater than 10 C and less than 30 C and a relative humidity less than 75 %. 6.1.2 Open calorimeter 6.1.2.1 In this configuration (Figure 1), the specimen to be tested is placed under the centre of an open calorimeter whos
39、e characteristics are described in ISO 24473. The calorimeter shall be capable of measuring a heat release rate of 300 kW or lower, with a total uncertainty of no more than 20 kW. ISO 12949:2011(E)2 ISO 2011 All rights reservedKey A calorimeter hood B optional hood skirt C mattress D foundation E be
40、d frame F catch surface G elevated support (optional) Figure 1 Test assembly, shown under an open calorimeter 6.1.2.2 The area surrounding the test specimen shall be sufficiently large that there are no heat re-radiation effects from any nearby materials or objects. 6.1.2.3 The calorimeter hood shal
41、l capture the entire smoke plume and is instrumented for the measurement of the heat release rate using oxygen consumption calorimetry. The air supply to the hood shall be sufficient that the fire is not in any way limited or affected by the available air supply. 6.1.2.3.1 As needed, skirts shall be
42、 placed on the hood periphery to help assure capture of the entire smoke plume. Such skirts shall not be of such an excessive length as to cause the incoming flow to disturb the burning process. The skirts shall not heat to the point that they contribute significant re-radiation to the test specimen
43、. 6.1.2.3.2 The fire plume shall not enter the hood exhaust duct. NOTE Flickers of flame that last for a few seconds and occupy only a minor fraction of the hood exhaust duct inlet cross-section are acceptable because they do not signify appreciable suppression of flames. 6.1.2.4 The air flow to the
44、 test specimen shall be symmetrical from all sides. A small flame placed in the centre of the test specimen area shall not bend consistently in one direction. 6.1.2.5 The test specimen shall be placed on a test frame, which is to be centred under the hood. ISO 12949:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reser
45、ved 36.1.3 Test room 6.1.3.1 The test room (Figure 2) shall have dimensions of at least 3 m wide 3 m deep 2,4 m high. NOTE 1 This is larger than the ISO 9705 test room. NOTE 2 The larger room and the angled position of the bed in the room are necessary to minimize radiative feedback from the room wa
46、lls to the bed, especially if there is burning along the side panels. Radiative feedback can increase the burning rate of the test specimen in a non-repeatable manner and can also lead to results different from those obtained in an open calorimeter. NOTE 3 A room of these dimensions is sufficiently
47、large to accommodate a mattress that is up to 1 000 mm wide and up to 2 000 mm long, along with the space needed for the movement of the burner assembly. To test larger mattresses, the minimum room dimensions are increased by the increases in the length and width of the larger test mattress over tho
48、se of the twin mattress. 6.1.3.2 The room shall have no large openings permitting air infiltration other than a doorway opening (970 5) mm wide and (2 030 5) mm high, which shall be located as shown in Figure 2. There may be small openings necessary to make the prescribed measurements. There shall b
49、e no obstructions to the set-up in the air supply. Key A mattress and foundation on bed frame B burner footprint C catch surface NOTE All dimensions are 5 mm. Figure 2 Apparatus and specimen arrangement in test room 6.1.3.3 For video or photographic recording of the tests, there shall be at least one window to allow full view of the specimen, sealed with heat resistant glass, in one of the room walls. The window(s) shall be appropriately placed to obtain the required full-length view of the specimen (see
