1、IEEE Std 859-1987 IEEE Standard Terms for Reporting and Analyzing Outage Occurrences and Outage States of Electrical Transmission Facilities Published by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USA February 17,1988 SI11478 Copyright 1988 b
2、yThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017, USANo part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.IEEE Std 859-1987 (R2008)IEEE Stan
3、dard Terms for Reporting and Analyzing Outage Occurences and Outage States of Electrical Transmission FacilitiesSponsorPower System Engineering Committeeof thePower Engineering SocietyReaffirmed 27 March 2008Approved 11 June 1987IEEE Standards BoardIEEE Standards documents are developed within the T
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12、ndards Board 345 East 47th Street New York, NY 10017 USA Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of BEE Std 859-1987, IEEE Standard Terms for Reporting and Analyzing Outage Occur- Data on outage occurrences of transmission facilities have been collected for many years. Initially, reporting was general
13、ly limited to reporting frequency of outage occurrence on transmission lines. Total outage frequency was classified into several general cause categories, but there were no formal definitions for the events and statistics reported beyond those contained in the data forms and instructions. Early effo
14、rts did not generally collect data on outage duration, except to class outages as temporary or permanent according to type of restoration used. In the 1960s, methods were first proposed for calculating reliability of transmission and distribution “systems” (networks) in terms of the reliability of t
15、heir individual “components? This led to the need for more formal definitions of terms to foster uniformity and standardization of language among engineers engaged in reporting, analyzing, and predicting outages of transmission and distribution facilities and interruptions to customers. This resulte
16、d in development of IEEE Std 346-1973, IEEE Standard Defini- tions in Power Operations Terminology Including Terms for Reporting and Analyzing Outages of Electri- cal Transmission and Distribution Facilities and Interruptions to Customer Service. More recent developments have shown the need to inclu
17、de definitions for a broader scope of outage events. For example, two general categories of facilities (reportable entities) must be recognized to support presently available models. In one type of model, a transmission system is partitioned function- ally into “units” which represent the capability
18、 to transfer power between specified points. In the second type of model, a system is partitioned physically into “components? Another recent development is the increasing recognition of the importance of “related outage occur- rences” in which outage occurrences of two or more facilities are relate
19、d in some way due to the physical construction of equipment (such as common structure), the electrical interconnection of equipment (common bus, for example), or exposure to a common environment (storms). Achieving clear and unambiguous definitions for related outage occurrences is important for rep
20、orting outage occurrences at the transmission unit level. At the component level, an important consideration is the recognition of several modes of failure, particularly for switching, protection, and automatic reclosing equipment. No attempt is made here to standardize procedures for the collection
21、 of outage data. What is at- tempted is to speclfy certain common terms and indices to provide a basis of information exchange. The task force has attempted to keep the list of terms and indices as brief as possible. The indices defined here are intended to serve as estimates for parameters of model
22、s which are used in transmission system reliability evaluation. The indices may also be used directly to guide system opera- tion or in assessment of equipment performance. No attempt is made to recommend acceptable equip- ment reliability levels. This is a revision of IEEE Std 346-1973. However, te
23、rms related to distribution system facilities and interruptions were eIiminated from the scope of this document. This document was prepared by the Transmission and Distribution Outage and Interruption Defini- tions Task Force. This task force was formed by the PROSD (Performance Records for Optimizi
24、ng System Design) Working Group, which is under the guidance of the Power System Engineering Committee. The members of the task force were: rences and Outage States of Electrical Transmission Facilities.) P. F. Albrecht R. N. Allan M. P. Bhavaraju M. G. Lauby (Chairman) R. Billinton D. W. Forrest G.
25、 L. Landgren M. F. McCoy N. D. Reppen A. W. Schneider, Jr The following persons representing the Application of Probability Methods Subcommittee and the Power System Engineering Committee were on the balloting committee that approved this document for submission to the IEEE Standards Board: Applicat
26、ion of Probability Methods Subcmmittee A. M. Adamson I). F. Albrecht R. N. Allan N. J. Balu M. P. Bhavaraju M. Bhuiyan R. Billinton A. M. Breipohl E. K. Chew K. A. Clements R. T. DAquanni S. B. Dhar K. Dhir J. Endrenyi P. M. Anderson L. B. Andres A. W. Barstow D. G. Berkowitz P. A. Bhagchandoni B. E
27、. Biggerstaff S. H. Bouchey T. A. Bubenko R. W. Caldwell H. W. Colborn I. L. Dandeno R. M. Delgado D. W. Forrest H. H. Frey C. Grigg G. Gross S. Z. Haddad M. A. Kuliasha S. P. Kuruganty G. Landgren M. G. Lauby K. D. Le S. H. Lee S. N. Marvada M. F. McCoy K. Medicherla E. G. Neudorf J. T. Neumann L.
28、R. Noyes P. ONeill C. K. Pang A. D. Patton A. V. Radhakrishna N. S. Rau N. D. Reppen L. Salvaderi A. W. Schneider, Jr S. M. Shahidehpour C. Singh J. P. Stremel P. B. Usora Pmer System Engineering Committee A. M. Dicaprio P. Kundur W. A. England 0. C. Landry M. K. Enns S. T. Mak Linda Finley L. Marke
29、l J. Flory L. E. Mentor H. L. Forgery W. R. Prince R. K. Green R. J. Ringlee D. E. Jankura R. H. Sarikas W. A. Johnson R. A. Schlueter E. Katz K. J. Slater D. F. Kownig C. W. Taylor C. C. Young When the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on June 11, 1987, it had the following membership: Do
30、nald C. Fleckenstein, Chairman Marco W. Migliaro, Vice-Chairman Andrew G. Salem, Secretary James H. Beall Dennis Bodson Marshall L. Cain James M. Daly Stephen R. Dillon Eugene P. Fogarty Jay Forster Kenneth D. Hendrix Irvin N. Howell Leslie R. Kerr Jack Kinn Irving Kolodny Joseph L. Koepfinger* Edwa
31、rd Lohse John May Lawrence V. McCall L. Bruce McCiung Donald T. Michael L. John Rankine John P. Riganati Gary S. Robinson Frank L. Rose Robert E. Rountree Sava I. Sherr William R. Tackaberry William B. Wilkens Helen M. Wood * Member emeritus Contents SECTION PAGE 1 . Purpose . 7 2 . Scope . 7 3 . Eq
32、uipment Classifications . 7 3.1 Component 7 3.1.1 Termination . 7 3.1.2 Line Section . 7 3.2.1 Line Segment . 7 3.3 Unit . 7 3.4 Terminal . 8 4.1 State 8 4.1.1 In-Service State . 8 4.1.2 Outage State 8 4.1.2.1 Complete Outage State 8 4.1.2.2 Partial Outage State 8 4.2 Changes in State 8 4.2.1 Outage
33、 Occurrence 8 4.2.2 Outage Event . 8 4.2.2.1 Single Outage Event . 8 4.2.2.2 Multiple Outage Event . 8 4.2.2.2.1 Related Multiple Outage Event . 8 4.2.2.2.2 Multiple Independent Outages . 9 3.2 Subcomponent . 7 4 . Component and Unit States and Events 8 4.3 Outage Initiation . 9 4.3.1 Automatic Outa
34、ge . 9 4.4 Outageme 9 4.4.1 Forced Outage 9 4.4.1.1 Transient Forced Outage 9 4.4.1.2 Temporary Forced Outage . 9 4.4.1.3 Permanent Forced Outage . 9 9 4.4.2 Scheduled Outage . 9 4.4.2.1 Operations Related Outage 9 4.5 Failure . 9 4.5.1 Failure of Continuously Required Function 9 4.5.2 Failure of Re
35、sponse Function . 9 5 . State Times 9 5.1 Service Time . 9 5.2 OutageTime . 9 5.3 Reporting Period Time 5.4 Outage Duration 9 6 . Exposure Parameters . 10 6.2 Exposure (Operations) 10 6.3.2 Major Storm Disaster 10 4.3.2 Manual Outage 9 4.4.1.4 System Related Outage 9 6.1 Exposure (Time) . 10 6.3 Wea
36、ther . 10 6.3.1 Adverse Weather 10 6.3.3 Normal Weather . 10 SECTION PAGE . 7 . Outage Indices 10 7.1.1 Outage Rate . 10 7.1.2 Failure Rate . 10 7.1.3 Protective System False Operation Rate . 11 7.2.1 Mean Time To Outage 11 7.3 State Probability Indices . 11 7.3.1 Availability 11 7.3.2 Unavailabilit
37、y . 11 7.4 Probability of Failure Indices 11 7.4.1 Probability of Failure to Open on Command . 11 7.4.2 Probability of Failure to Close on Command . 11 7.4.3 Probability of Failure to Operate on Command . 11 7.4.4 False Operation Probability . 11 7.1 Rate Indices 10 7.2 Duration Indices 11 7.2.2 Mea
38、n Outage Duration . 11 IEEE Standard Terms for Reporting and Analyzing Outage Occurrences and Outage States of Electrical Transmission Facilities 1. Purpose This standard is intended to aid the electric power industry in reporting and analyzing outage occurrences of transmission facilities. Use of s
39、ys- tematic, precise definitions is essential for mean- ingful exchange of data. It is expected that spe- cific instructions for reporting outages will be developed by the industry based on these definitions. The outage definitions and indices are intended for use in system planning models, operatio
40、ns and maintenance planning, and system design. The definitions and indices may not be sufficiently detailed to cover the information required for equipment design. 2. Scope This standard defines terminology and indices for reporting and analyzing outage occurrences of transmission facilities. Outag
41、e definitions and indices are given for two general types of facilities -units and components. Units are functional facilities which transfer power between designated points, while components are specific pieces of equipment. Outage definitions are given both for describing the outage history of a p
42、articular facility and for describing groups of individual outage occur- rences which are related in some way. 3. Equipment Classifications 3.1 Component. A device which performs a major operating function and which is regarded as an entity for purposes of recording and analyzing data on outage occu
43、rrences. NOTE 1: Some examples of components are line sections, transformers, ac/dc converters, series capacitors or reactors, shunt capacitors or reactors, circuit breakers, line protection systems, and bus sections. NOTE 2: Sometimes it is necessary to subdivide a line section into segments to all
44、ow proper calculation of failure rates and exposure data. For example, if a line section is composed of an overhead line segment and an underground line segment, fail- ure and exposure data for each line segment may be recorded separately. 3.1.1 Termination. A facility where a trans- mission line en
45、ds within a terminal, typically at a circuit breaker. 3.1.2 Line Section. A portion of an overhead line or a cable bounded by two terminations, a termination and a tap point, or two tap points. 3.2 Subcomponent. A part or portion of a com- ponent which is relevant for quantlfylng exposure to outage
46、occurrences, or failures, or both, or for identlfylng the cause of an outage occurrence or failure. 3.2.1 Line Segment. A portion of a line section that has a particular type of construction or is exposed to a particular type of failure, and there- fore which may be regarded as a single entity for t
47、he purpose of reporting and analyzing failure and exposure data. NOTE: A line segment is a subcomponent of a line section. 3.3 Unit. A group of components which are func- tionally related and are regarded as an entity for purposes of recording and analyzing data on out- age occurrences. NOTE 1: A un
48、it can be defined in a number of ways. For example, it may be: (1) A group of components which constitute an operating entity bounded by automatic fault interrupting devices which isolate it from other such entities for faults on any component within the group. (2) A group of components protected by
49、 and within the sensing zone of a particular system of protective relays. Examples include a transformer or an overhead line and asso- ciated terminal facilities switched with it. (3) A group of components including a transmission line, one or more transformers supplied by the line, and a sub- transmission or distribution network radially supplied from the transformer. These components are so configured that the subtransmission network is in the outage state during outage occurrences of the transmission line. 7 IEEE Std 859-1987 IEEE STANDARD TERMS FOR REPORTING AND ANALYZING OUTAGE OC
