1、Copyright 1998 IEEE All Rights Reserved 1IEEE Std 644-1994 (R2008)(Revision of IEEE Std 644-1987)IEEE Standard Procedures for Measurement of Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields From AC Power LinesSponsorTransmission and Distribution Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyReaffirmed 27
2、 March 2008Approved December 13, 1994IEEE Standards BoardAbstract: Uniform procedures for the measurement of power frequency electric and magnetic fields fromalternating current (ac) overhead power lines and for the calibration of the meters used in thesemeasurements are established. The procedures
3、apply to the measurement of electric and magnetic fieldsclose to ground level. The procedures can also be tentatively applied (with limitations, as specified in thestandard) to electric fields near an energized conductor or structure.Keywords: ac power lines, electric field, magnetic field, measurem
4、entThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USACopyright 1995 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1995.Printed in the United States of America.ISBN 1-55937-499-3No part of this
5、publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without theprior written permission of the publisheriiIEEE Standards documents are developed within the Technical Committees of the IEEE Societies and the StandardsCoordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards
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8、e IEEEStandard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to changebrought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. EveryIEEE Standard is subjected to review at least every five years for
9、revision or reaffirmation. When a document is morethan five years old and has not been reaffirmed, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of somevalue, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have thelatest editi
10、on of any IEEE Standard.Comments for revision of IEEE Standards are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliationwith IEEE. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together withappropriate supporting comments.Interpretations:
11、 Occasionally questions may arise regarding the meaning of portions of standards as they relate tospecific applications. When the need for interpretations is brought to the attention of IEEE, the Institute will initiateaction to prepare appropriate responses. Since IEEE Standards represent a consens
12、us of all concerned interests, it isimportant to ensure that any interpretation has also received the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reasonIEEE and the members of its technical committees are not able to provide an instant response to interpretation requestsexcept in those cases whe
13、re the matter has previously received formal consideration.Comments on standards and requests for interpretations should be addressed to:Secretary, IEEE Standards Board445 Hoes LaneP.O. Box 1331Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331USAIEEE Standards documents may involve the use of patented technology. Their app
14、roval by the Institute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers does not mean that using such technology for the purpose of conforming tosuch standards is authorized by the patent owner. It is the obligation of the user of such technology to obtain allnecessary permissions.iiiIntroduction(This introdu
15、ction is not part of IEEE Std 644-1994, IEEE Standard Procedures for This Measurement of Power Frequency Electricand Magnetic Fields From AC Power Lines.)This standard is a revision of IEEE Std 644-1987 (a revision of IEEE Std 644-1979), which establishes uniformprocedures for measuring power freque
16、ncy electric and magnetic fields in the vicinity of ac power lines. The followingrevisions have been made and are intended to improve the usefulness of the document:a) Text has been introduced that permits the measurement of the resultant magnetic field using three-axis(orsingle-axis) magnetic field
17、 meters. This change required revisions in the calibration procedure clauses andan explanation of the difference between maximum field value and resultant field value.b) Text (with appropriate bibliographical references) has been added to note that magnetic field calibration coilsystems other than t
18、he one described in the standard may be used for calibration purposes, provided that thefields produced have comparable uniformity.c) Corrections in the text and improved figures.d) Clarification of text related to calibration uncertainty in the calibration clauses.The working group draft was prepar
19、ed by the AC Magnetic Fields Task Force of the AC Fields Working Group(R.G.Olsen, Chair) of the Corona and Field Effects Subcommittee of the Transmission and Distribution Committee.The Task Force had the following membership:M. Misakian, Chair K. BellT. D. Bracken R. E. CarberryV. L. ChartierR. Cont
20、iD. W. DenoF. M. DietrichG. GelaK. C. JaffaG. B. JohnsonP. S. MaruvadaS. J. MaurerT. J. McDermottR. C. MukherjiJ. C. NipleR. G. OlsenG. B. RauchS. RodickS. A. SeboC. H. ShihJ. M. SilvaJ. R. StewartJ. M. Van NameP. S. WongL. E. ZaffanellaThe following persons were on the balloting committee:J. E. App
21、lequistJ. F. BuchK. BuchholzJ. J. BurkeV. L. ChartierW. T. CrokerG. A. DavidsonF. A. DenbrockW. E. FeeroL. H. FinkG. GelaE. J. GoodwinI. S. GrantW. S. C. Henry H. M. HesseW. JanischewskyjJ. G. KappenmanG. G. KaradyN. KolcioJ. H. Mallory P. S. MaruvadaT. J. McDermottF. D. MyersD. L. NickelS. L. Nilss
22、onR. G. OswaldR. J. PiwkoJ. R. RedmonE. W. ReidD. ReisingerF. A. M. Rizk N. P. SchmidtB. R. ShperlingJ. M. SilvaJ. R. StewartJ. M. Van Name F. S. YoungivWhen the IEEE Standards Board approved this standard on December 13, 1994, it had the following membership:Wallace S. Read, Chair Donald C. Loughry
23、, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Gilles A. BarilBruce B. BarrowJos A. Berrios de la PazClyde R. CampJames CostantinoStephen L. DiamondDonald C. FleckensteinJay Forster*Ramiro GarciaDonald N. HeirmanRichard J. HollemanJim IsaakBen C. JohnsonSonny KasturiLorraine C. KevraE. G. “Al” KienerIvor N
24、. KnightJoseph L. Koepfinger*D. N. “Jim” LogothetisL. Bruce McClungMarco W. MigliaroMary Lou PadgettArthur K. ReillyRonald H. ReimerGary S. RobinsonLeonard L. Tripp*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal James BeallRichard B. Engelma
25、nRobert E. HebnerStephen J. HuffmanIEEE Standards Project EditorvCLAUSE PAGE1. Overview12. References.13. Definitions.14. Electric field strength meters 34.1 General characteristics . 34.2 Theory and operational characteristics 64.3 Calibration of electric field strength meters. 74.4 Immunity from i
26、nterference . 124.5 Parameters affecting accuracy of electric field strength measurements 125. Electric field strength measurement procedures .135.1 Procedure for measuring electric field strength near power lines 135.2 Lateral profile. 145.3 Longitudinal profile . 145.4 Precautions and checks durin
27、g E-field measurements. 155.5 Measurement uncertainty. 166. Magnetic field meters166.1 General characteristics of magnetic field meters . 166.2 Theory and operational characteristics 166.3 Calibration of magnetic field meters 176.4 Immunity from interference . 216.5 Parameters affecting accuracy of
28、magnetic field measurements . 217. Magnetic field measurement procedures 217.1 Procedure for measuring the magnetic field near power lines. 217.2 Lateral profile. 227.3 Longitudinal profile . 227.4 Precautions and checks during B-field measurements. 227.5 Measurement uncertainty. 228. Reporting fiel
29、d measurements 229. Bibliography23Annex A (informative) Units and conversion factors.25Copyright 1995 IEEE All Rights Reserved 1IEEE Standard Procedures for Measurement of Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields From AC Power Lines1. OverviewThe purpose of this standard is to establish uniform
30、procedures for the measurement of power frequency electric andmagnetic fields from alternating current (ac) overhead power lines and for the calibration of the meters used in thesemeasurements. A uniform procedure is a prerequisite to comparisons of electric and magnetic fields of various acoverhead
31、 power lines. These procedures apply to the measurement of electric and magnetic fields close to groundlevel. They can also be tentatively applied to electric field measurements near an energized conductor or structure withthe limitations outlined in 4.5.2. ReferencesThis standard shall be used in c
32、onjunction with the following publication.IEEE Std 100-1992 , The New IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms (ANSI).13. DefinitionsFor additional definitions, see IEEE Std 100-1992 . 23.1 crosstalk: The noise or extraneous signal caused by ac or pulse-type signals in adjacent c
33、ircuits (measurement ofpower frequency magnetic fields).1IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA.2Information on references can be found in clause 2.2 Copyright 1995 IEEE All Rights Reser
34、vedIEEE Std 644-1994 IEEE STANDARD PROCEDURES FOR MEASUREMENT OF POWER3.2 electric field strength (electric field): At a given point in space, the ratio of force on a positive test charge placedat the point to the magnitude of the test charge, in the limit that the magnitude of the test charge goes
35、to zero. Theelectric field strength (E-field) at a point in space is a vector defined by it space components along three orthogonalaxes. For steady-state sinusoidal fields, each space component is a complex number or phasor. The magnitudes of thecomponents, expressed by their root-mean-square (rms)
36、values in volts per meter (V/m), and the phases need not be thesame B1.3 See also: phasor.Note:The space components (phasors) are not vectors. The space components have a time dependent angle, whilevectors have space angles. For example, the sinusoidal electric field E can be expressed in rectangula
37、r coordinates as(1)The space component in the x-direction isThe magnitude, phase angle, and time dependent angle are given by Ex0, x, and (x + t), respectively. In thisrepresentation the space angle of the x-component is specified by the unit vector x.An alternative general representation of a stead
38、y-state sinusoidal E-field, derivable algebraically from equation (1) andperhaps more useful in characterizing power line fields, is a vector rotating in a plane where it describes an ellipsewhose semimajor axis represents the magnitude and direction of the maximum value of the electric field, and w
39、hosesemiminor axis represents the magnitude and direction of the field a quarter cycle later B1, B4. The electric fieldin the direction perpendicular to the plane of the ellipse is zero. See also: single-phase ac fields; polyphase ac fields.3.3 frequency: The number of complete cycles of sinusoidal
40、variation per unit time. Notes:1) Electric and magneticfield components have a fundamental frequency equal to that of the power line voltages and currents. 2) For ac powerlines, the most widely used frequencies are 60 and 50 Hz.3.4 harmonic content: Distortion of a sinusoidal waveform characterized
41、by indication of the magnitude and order ofthe Fourier series terms describing the wave. Note:For power lines, the harmonic content is small and of little concernfor the purpose of field measurements, except at points near large industrial loads (saturated power transformers,rectifiers, aluminum and
42、 chlorine plants, etc.) where certain harmonics may reach 10% of the line voltage. Laboratoryinstallations also may have voltage or current sources with significant harmonic content.3.5 magnetic flux density (magnetic field): The vector quantity (B-field) of divergence zero at all points, whichdeter
43、mines the component of the Coulomb-Lorentz force, that is proportional to the velocity of the charge carrier.Note:In a zero electric field, the force F is given by where v is the velocity of the electric charge q. Thevector properties of the field produced by currents in power lines are the same as
44、those given above for the electricfield. The magnitudes of the field components are expressed by their rms values in tesla (1T= 104G).3.6 maximum value of the electric field strength: At a given point, the rms value of the semimajor axis magnitudeof the electric field ellipse. See also: electric fie
45、ld strength.3.7 maximum value of the magnetic field: At a given point, the rms value of the semimajor axis magnitude of themagnetic field ellipse.3.8 perturbed field: A field that is changed in magnitude or direction, or both, by the introduction of an object.Note:The electric field at the surface o
46、f the object is, in general, strongly perturbed by the presence of the object. Atpower frequencies the magnetic field is not, in general, greatly perturbed by the presence of objects that are free ofmagnetic materials. Exceptions to this are regions near the surface of thick electric conductors wher
47、e eddy currentsalter time-varying magnetic fields.3The numbers in brackets correspond to those bibliographical items listed in clause 9.E a xEx a yEy a zEz+=Ex ReEx0ejxejt()Ex0 x t+()cos=F qvXB=Copyright 1995 IEEE All Rights Reserved 3FREQUENCY ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELDS FROM AC POWER LINES IEEE S
48、td 644-19943.9 phasor: A complex number expressing the magnitude and phase of a time-varying quantity. Unless otherwisespecified, it is used only within the context of steady-state alternating linear systems. In polar coordinates, it can bewritten as Aej, where A is the amplitude or magnitude (usual
49、ly rms, but sometimes indicated as peak value) and isthe phase angle. The phase angle should not be confused with the space angle of a vector. See also: electric fieldstrength.3.10 polyphase ac fields: Fields whose space components may not be in phase. These fields will be produced bypolyphase power lines. The field at any point can be described by the field ellipsethat is, by the magnitude anddirection of the semimajor axis and the magnitude and direction of its semiminor axis. Note:Such fields are sometimesreferred to as being elliptically polarized
