1、IEEE Std 1460-1996 (R2008)IEEE Guide for the Measurement of Quasi-Static Magnetic and Electric FieldsSponsorIEEE Standards Coordinating Committee on Non-Ionizing Radiation (SCC28)Approved 10 December 1996Reaffirmed 12 June 2008IEEE Standards BoardAbstract: A listing of possible measurement goals rel
2、ated to characterizing quasi-static magnetic andelectric fields and possible methods for their accomplishment is provided.Keywords: measurement protocols, power frequency, power frequency harmonic fields, quasi-staticmagnetic and electric fieldsThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
3、Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USACopyright 1997 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 1997. Printed in the United States of America.ISBN 1-55937-873-5No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electroni
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16、ght to its attention.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1460-1996, IEEE Guide for the Measurement of Quasi-Static Magnetic and ElectricFields.)As an aid for groups and individuals interested in developing magnetic and/or electric field measurement protocols,this guide describe
17、s different magnetic and electric field measurement methods that can accomplish specificmeasurement goals. A single measurement approach is not given because the measurement strategies andinstrumentation requirements will differ depending on the measurement environment of interest and the goals of a
18、measurement program. For example, the measurement protocols and instrumentation for characterizing electric andmagnetic fields from power lines will differ significantly from those for characterizing fields from video displayterminals.Frequent reference is made to a companion document for this guide
19、: IEEE Std 1308-1994, IEEE RecommendedPractice for Instrumentation: Specifications for Magnetic Flux Density and Electric Field Strength Meters10 Hz to3 kHz. IEEE Std 1308-1994 describes the types of available instrumentation used for measuring quasi-static magneticand electric fields, their princip
20、les of operation, definitions of terminology, calibration procedures, and sources ofmeasurement uncertainty.At the time this guide was completed, the ELF Field Measurements Working Group had the following membership:Martin Misakian, Chair Edward AslanQuirino BalzanoHoward BassenDavid DiniJames B. Ha
21、tfieldStewart MaurerRobert G. OlsenRon C. PetersenRichard A. TellDon UmbdenstockIan WalkerOther individuals who have contributed review and comment are as follows:Fred M. Dietrich Wilham T. KauneThe following persons were on the balloting committee:Eleanor R. AdairJ. Robert AshleyQuirino BalzanoHowa
22、rd BassenJohn P. BavinJohn A. BergeronTony E. BrananWilliam BrennerEdwin BronaughCharles R. BufflerJerrold BushbergStephen V. ChiusanoC. K. ChouJules CohenWilliam T. CrokerRobert A. CurtisJames M. DalyJohn A. D AndreaJohn J. DeFrankJohn DeLorgeLouis D. DornettoEdward C. ElsonDavid ErwinStewart M. Fa
23、stmanWilliam E. FeeroOm P. GandhiDavid L. GeorgeMartino GrandolfoArthur W. GuyDennis E. HadlockDonald HaesNorbert HankinPaul HrouxDonald HeirmanKent C. JaffaDavid JanesDonald JordanGary JohnsonRalph JustusHarrison F. KerschnerB. Jon KlauenbergG.A. KobanJoseph L. KoepfingerAnthony LaMastraJohn A. Leo
24、nowichRobert P. LiburdyJames LinDonald Lottaes, Jr.Costas MaletskosGeorge M. MarmaroStewart J. MaurerMatthew MingoiaMatthew C. MinlerlifMichael R. MooreMichael R. MurphyJohn L. OrrJohn M. OsepchukRon C. PetersenJ. Patrick ReillyMichael RepacholiivBrad J. RobertsTerence RybakHerman SchwanAsher Sheppa
25、rdNorman SpauldingF. Kristian StormCarl H. SuttonMays L. SwicordRichard A. TellThomas S. TenfordeArthur VaranelliRobert WatkinsJ.T. WeizeorickRick WoolnoughRobert YacovissiDonald W. ZipseMarvin C. ZiskinWhen the IEEE Standards Board approved this guide on 10 December 1996, it had the following membe
26、rship:Donald C. Loughry, Chair Richard J. Holleman, Vice Chair Andrew G. Salem, Secretary Gilles A. BarilClyde R. CampJoseph A. CannatelliStephen L. DiamondHarold E. EpsteinDonald C. FleckensteinJay Forster*Donald N. HeirmanBen C. JohnsonE.G. “Al“ KienerJoseph L. Koepfinger*Stephen R. LambertLawrenc
27、e V. McCallL. Bruce McClungMarco W. MigliaroMary Lou PadgettJohn W. PopeJose R. RamosArthur K. ReillyRonald H. ReimerGary S. RobinsonIngo RschJohn S. RyanChee Kiow TanLeonard L. TrippHoward L. Wolfman*Member EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Ag
28、garwal Alan H. Cookson Chester C. TaylorLisa S. Young IEEE Standards Project EditorvCLAUSE PAGE1. Overview.12. References.23. General characteristics of quasi-static magnetic and electric fields .24. Types of instrumentation 54.1 Magnetic field meters. 54.2 Electric field meters . 65. Magnetic field
29、 measurements .75.1 Goals and methods. 75.2 Reporting magnetic field measurement results 136. Electric field measurements 146.1 Electric field measurement goals and methods 146.2 Reporting electric field measurement results. 16Annex A (informative) Bibliography17Copyright 1997 IEEE All Rights Reserv
30、ed 1IEEE Guide for the Measurement of Quasi-Static Magnetic and Electric Fields1. OverviewThis guide is divided into six clauses. Clause 1 provides the overview, Clause 2 lists other standards that are useful inapplying this guide, and Clause 3 describes the characteristics of quasi-static magnetic
31、and electric fields that arecandidates for measurements. The text for Clause 3 is taken from IEEE Std 1308-1994.1 Clause 4 briefly describes thetypes of available quasi-static magnetic and electric field measuring instrumentation. Clauses 5 and 6 describe specificmeasurement goals related to charact
32、erizing quasi-static magnetic and electric fields, respectively, and possiblemeasurement methods for their accomplishment. Throughout this guide, the terms “magnetic field“ and “magneticflux density“ will be considered synonymous. Annex A provides a listing of bibliographical references cited.This g
33、uide provides a listing of possible measurement goals related to characterizing quasi-static magnetic and electricfields and possible methods for their accomplishment. The fields of interest are typically produced by devices thatoperate at power frequency and that produce power frequency and power f
34、requency harmonic fields, as well as devicesthat produce fields that are independent of the power frequency. The listings of possible goals and methods should nothe considered as complete because there are many possible goals and methods for their accomplishment. The approachtaken in this guide para
35、llels a method described in B3.2Descriptions of instrumentation, their principles of operation, definitions of terminology, calibration procedures, anda listing of sources of measurement error are given in IEEE Std 1308-1994 and should be used with this guide.Protocols for measuring magnetic and ele
36、ctric fields near power lines and video display terminals are given inIEEEStd 644-1994 and IEEE Std 1140-1994.1Information on references can be found in clause 2.2The numbers in brackets preceded by the letter B correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A.2 Copyright 1997 IEEE All Rights Rese
37、rvedIEEE Std 1460-1996 IEEE GUIDE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF2. ReferencesThis guide shall be used in conjunction with the following publications:IEEE Std 539-1990, IEEE Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to Corona and Field Effects of Overhead PowerLines (ANSI).3 IEEE Std 644-1994, IEEE Standard Pro
38、cedure for Measurements of Power Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fieldsfrom AC Power Lines (ANSI). IEEE Std 1140-1994, IEEE Standard Procedures for the Measurement of Electric and Magnetic Fields from VideoDisplay Terminals (VDTs) from 5 Hz to 400 kHz (ANSI). IEEE Std 1308-1994, IEEE Recommended Pra
39、ctice for Instrumentation: Specifications for Magnetic Flux Density andElectric Field Strength Meters10 Hz to 3 kHz (ANSI). 3. General characteristics of quasi-static magnetic and electric fieldsMagnetic and electric fields produced by power lines, appliances, and other electrical equipment may be c
40、haracterizedaccording to magnitude, frequency, waveform (harmonic content), degree of polarization, spatial variation, andtemporal variation.4 These characteristics are described briefly because one or more of them may be selected formeasurement, and because of their importance in specifying require
41、ments for instrumentation used to measure thefields.Several of the field parameters may be introduced by considering magnetic fields produced by currents in three-phasepower lines. Some of the same parameters are also used to characterize electric fields. In general, the magnetic field ata point in
42、space may be represented as a rotating vector that traces an ellipse for every cycle of the currents in theconductors, as shown schematically in Figure 1 (a) B10. The root-mean-square (rms) magnitude and direction of thesemi-major axis, given by M in Figure 1 (a), indicates the magnitude and directi
43、on of the maximum magnetic field.Similarly, the rms magnitude and direction of the semiminor axis, given by m in Figure 1 (a), describes the minimummagnetic field. Such fields are said to be elliptically polarized.3IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engi
44、neers, 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, USA.4This guide does not consider transient temporal variations, i.e., events that are fast compared to the periods of quasi-static magnetic and electricfields under consideration.Copyright 1997 IEEE All Rights Reserved 3QUASI-STATIC MA
45、GNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELDS IEEE Std 1460-1996Figure 1 Oscillating and rotating magnetic field quantities for the cases of (a) elliptical mM, (b) linear m=0, and (c) circular polarization m =M.NOTE The resultant, BR, and the maximum magnetic field, M, are equal only for the case of linear polarizatio
46、n. The largestdifference between the resultant and maximum magnetic field occurs for circular polarization, i.e., BR exceeds M by41%.An often-measured field quantity is the resultant magnetic field. BR, given by(1)where Bx, By, and Bz are the rms values of the three orthogonal field components. The
47、differences between BR and themaximum magnetic field, M, for different field polarizations are discussed in IEEE Std 1308-1994 and B20(seealsoFigure 1 of this guide).Because magnetic fields in environments away from power lines also can be produced by multiple current sources thatare not necessarily
48、 in phase, elliptically polarized magnetic fields can occur in many settings (e.g., homes and workplaces). Depending on the geometry and currents in the conductors, the degree of magnetic field polarization at a pointcan vary from linear (m = 0) to circular (m = M), as shown in Figure 1 (b) and (c).
49、 Linearly polarized fields are alsoreferred to as single-phase alternating fields. This discussion of polyphase fields assumes that there are no harmonicsin the field. The polarization state of fields with significant harmonic content is more complicated B24, B32.Near ground level, the magnitude of the magnetic field from a three-phase transmission line changes slowly as afunction of the height of the measurement point above ground. For example, for a typical 500 kV line, the change inthe magnetic field magnitude at a height of 1 m above ground level is less than 2
