1、IEEE Std 1407-2007(Revision of IEEE Std 1407-1998)IEEE Guide for Accelerated AgingTests for Medium-Voltage (5 kV35 kV)Extruded Electric Power Cables UsingWater-Filled TanksIEEE3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997, USA15 February 2008IEEE Power Engineering SocietySponsored by theInsulated Conductors
2、 Committee 1407TMIEEE Std 1407-2007(Revision ofIEEE Std 1407-1998)IEEE Guide for Accelerated Aging Tests for Medium-Voltage (5 kV35 kV) Extruded Electric Power Cables Using Water-Filled TanksSponsor Insulated Conductors Committeeof theIEEE Power Engineering SocietyApproved 6 December 2007IEEE SA-Sta
3、ndards BoardThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2008 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 15 February 2008. Printed in the United States of America.IEEE is a registered
4、 trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions ofany individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright ClearanceCenter.iv Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved.IntroductionThis guide addresses accelerated aging tests of e
5、xtruded medium-voltage cables using water-filled tanks.Information is provided on the equipment, cable samples, test conditions, and measurements to perform theaccelerated aging tests. The guide identifies the critical test parameters and describes techniques for theirmeasurement and control. The im
6、plementation of the techniques will allow test data obtained by differentlaboratories at different times to be better compared. Specific test values (e.g., voltage) are given in thisguide, and the range in test values (e.g., maximum temperature) are more limited than stated in the previousversion of
7、 this guide.Notice to usersLaws and regulationsUsers of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with theprovisions of this guide does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementersof the guide are responsible for observing or refer
8、ring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE doesnot, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws,and these documents may not be construed as doing so. CopyrightsThis document is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a
9、 wide variety of both public and privateuses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation,standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this documentavailable for use and adoption by public authorities and pri
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11、genda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of thedocument together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whethera given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuanc
12、e ofamendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association Web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously.For more information about the IEEE Standards Association or the IEEE standards development process,visit the IEEE
13、-SA Web site at http:/standards.ieee.org.ErrataErrata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL forerrata periodically.This introduction is not part of IEEE S
14、td 1407-2007, IEEE Guide for Accelerated Aging Tests for Medium-Voltage(5 kV35 kV) Extruded Electric Power Cables Using Water-Filled Tanks.Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. vInterpretationsCurrent interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/int
15、erp/index.html.PatentsAttention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject mattercovered by patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is taken with respect to the existence orvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE
16、 is not responsible for identifying EssentialPatent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scopeof Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection withsubmission of a Letter of Assurance, if any,
17、or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patentrights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further informationmay be obtained from the IEEE S
18、tandards Association.ParticipantsThe work of preparing this guide was carried out by Task Force A13W of Subcommittee A (CableConstruction and Design) of the Insulated Conductors Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society. At the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for a
19、pproval, the Task Force had thefollowing members:John R. Densley,ChairMark D. Walton, Vice ChairThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have votedfor approval, disapproval, or abstention. Bruce S. BernsteinJan-Ove BostromRay O. Bristol Laurence
20、H. Gross Richard A. HartleinJohn L. Hinkle Stanley R. Howell Carlos KatzFrank KrajickFrank Kutchta Carl C. Landinger Eric P. MarsdenWilliam M. McDermid Harry E. Orton Serge PlissouTimothy J. Person Haridoss Sarma John T. Smith III Steve Szaniszlo William S. Temple Dennis WedamStan Arnot Michael P. B
21、aldwin William G. Bloethe A. James Braun Kent W. BrownNissan M. BursteinWilliam A. Byrd Tommy P. Cooper John R. Densley Donald G. Dunn Gary Engmann Rabiz N. FodaMarcel Fortin Steven N. Graham Randall C. Groves Richard Harp Jeffrey L. Hartenberger Wolfgang B. Haverkamp Gary A. Heuston Lauri J. Hiival
22、a David A. Horvath Gael Kennedy Jim Kulchisky Chung-Yiu Lam Benjamin T. Lanz Eric P. Marsden William M. McDermid John E. MerandoGary L. Michel Jerry R. Murphy Michael S. Newman Serge Plissou Iulian E. Profir Bartien Sayogo Michael J. Smalley Jerry W. Smith John A. Vergis Martin J. Von Herrmann Mark
23、D. Walton William D. Wilkens Timmy S. WrightAhmed F. Zobaa vi Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 6 December 2007, it had the followingmembership:Steve M. Mills,ChairRobert M. Grow, Vice ChairDon Wright,Past ChairJudith Gorman,Secretary*Me
24、mber EmeritusAlso included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons:Satish K. Aggarwal, NRC RepresentativeAlan H. Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDon MessinaIEEE Standards Program Manager, Document DevelopmentMatthew J. CegliaIEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Developm
25、entRichard DeBlasioAlex GelmanWilliam R. GoldbachArnold M. GreenspanJoanna N. GueninJulian Forster*Kenneth S. HanusWilliam B. HopfRichard H. HulettHermann KochJoseph L. Koepfinger*John KulickDavid J. LawGlenn ParsonsRonald C. PetersenTom A. PrevostNarayanan RamachandranGreg RattaRobby RobsonAnne-Mar
26、ie SahaziziaVirginia C. SulzbergerMalcolm V. ThadenRichard L. TownsendHoward L. WolfmanCopyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. viiContents1. Overview 11.1 Scope 22. Normative references. 33. Definitions 33.1 Definitions 33.2 Abbreviations and acronyms 34. Cable materials and design considerations
27、44.1 Cable core test 54.2 Cable design test 65. Test specimens. 66. Prior tests and thermal preconditioning of specimens . 77. Test structure 108. Temperature . 138.1 Test specimen conductor temperature . 138.2 Water temperature 168.3 Ambient temperature in the test area .178.4 Establishing a temper
28、ature profile . 178.5 Monitoring/controlling temperatures during the ACLT 188.6 Temperature measurement techniques. 188.7 Recommendations 189. Water 189.1 Water nature. 189.2 Conductor strand blockage 2010. Voltage. 2011. Time . 2312. Test matrix . 2313. Failure 2414. Abnormalities. 2515. Diagnostic
29、s. 2716. Data analysis 28viii Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved.17. Final report. 2918. Conclusions 30Annex A (informative) Preconditioning 31Annex B (informative) Water tanksHistorical information. 34Annex C (informative) Temperature measurement . 38Annex D (informative) Final report. 40Anne
30、x E (informative) Bibliography. 42Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. 1IEEE Guide for Accelerated Aging Tests for Medium-Voltage (5 kV35 kV) Extruded Electric Power Cables Using Water-Filled TanksIMPORTANT NOTICE: This guide is not intended to assure safety, security, health, or environmentalp
31、rotection in all circumstances. Implementers of the guide are responsible for determining appropriatesafety, security, environmental, and health practices or regulatory requirements.This IEEE document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. Thesenotices and disc
32、laimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under theheading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.”They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html.1. OverviewThe i
33、nsulations commonly used in extruded medium-voltage power cables are cross-linked polyethylene(XLPE), tree-retardant XLPE (TRXLPE), and ethylene propylene rubber (EPR). These materials are knownto gradually deteriorate with time due to the synergistic action of moisture and electrical stress. Thisde
34、gradation, often referred to as water treeing, causes a reduction in the breakdown voltage and an increasein the dielectric loss. The degradation can be so severe that failures can occur in service at operating stresses.The mechanisms of moisture-induced degradation have been studied extensively and
35、 it is known that severalmechanisms are occurring. Several accelerated aging tests have been developed to evaluate the long termperformance of cables (Banks, Faremo, Steennis B4,1 Bartnikas, Densley, Eichhorn B5, Bartnikas et al.B6, Mashikian et al., B20, Schroth, Kalkner, Fredrich B25, Steennis and
36、 Faremo B27). The tests maybe either fixed time, where the cables are aged for a fixed time and then subjected to one or more diagnostictests to assess the cable condition, or a time-to-failure test. A problem inherent in all accelerated aging testsis the choice of test parameters in the test itself
37、. These should contain the deterioration factors causingservice aging and not introduce aging mechanisms that do not occur in service. The diagnostic test mustmeasure a property representative of service aging. Research has shown that the most important parametersin tests to evaluate moisture-induce
38、d degradation are electrical stress, temperature, water characteristics, andtime.Two accelerated aging tests have evolved in North America. One, a qualification test, is the acceleratedwater treeing test (AWTT) in which lengths of cables are aged in water-filled pipes for 4, 6, and 12 monthsand then
39、 subjected to a step ac breakdown (ACBD) test, the diagnostic test (ANSI/ICEA S-94-649 andANSI/ICEA S-97-682 2). The other is a test where cables are aged in water-filled tanks, either for a fixedtime or to failure, i.e., an accelerated cable life test (ACLT) (Lyle B18, Walton, Smith, Thue B32). The
40、time-to-failure test has the advantage of involving the whole aging process, initiation, growth, and finalfailure. The main disadvantage is that the test duration is unknown and there can be considerable time1The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex E.2Information on
41、references can be found in Clause 2.IEEEStd 1407-2007 IEEE GUIDE FOR ACCELERATED AGING TESTS FOR MEDIUM-VOLTAGE (5 kV35 kV)2 Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved.between the first and the last failure. Several laboratories have performed and are now performingaccelerated aging tests in tanks (bo
42、th time-to-failure tests in which the samples are aged to failure and agingtests in which the samples are aged for fixed time periods followed by a diagnostic test such as a step ACBDtest) using different aging conditions of voltage, temperature, water characteristics, etc. This makes a directcompar
43、ison of the data between laboratories very difficult. The situation is further complicated because themethods of measuring some of the critical parameters differ significantly. As a result, apparently similar testconditions can, in fact, be entirely different in two separate test arrangements. An ex
44、ample of this ambiguityis the temperature measurement. Although a nominal temperature of 90 C is sometimes used as themaximum temperature during temperature cycling, the precise location where this temperature is measuredmay vary. It may be measured in the length of the cable outside the water or in
45、 the length of cable immersedin the water. If the water temperature is not controlled, however, the temperature of the immersed cable willdepend upon the following: Tank size Tank shape and material Volume of water Number of cables in the tank Whether the tank is thermally insulated, etc.This guide
46、directly addresses tank-type accelerated aging tests. Accelerated aging test parameters arepresented that, if reported, will allow test data obtained by different laboratories at different times to bebetter compared. This guide will: Identify the critical test parameters and techniques for their mea
47、surement and control. Review the levels of the test parameters, such as voltage (V), temperature (T), etc. It is not theintention of this guide to recommend specific test values. Identify the test parameters to be included in reports, etc. The following will be discussed: Test specimens Prior tests
48、and preconditioning of specimens Test structure Temperature Water Voltage Failures Abnormalities Diagnostics Data analysis Final reportIt must be pointed out that some parameters are interrelated so that a change in one will have an effect onothers (i.e., as already mentioned, the size of the tank c
49、ould influence the temperature of the cable immersedin a tank without water temperature control).1.1 ScopeThis guide provides information on the equipment, cable specimens, test conditions, and measurements toperform accelerated aging tests on medium-voltage cables using water-filled tanks, whether the test be aIEEE EXTRUDED ELECTRIC POWER CABLES USING WATER-FILLED TANKS Std 1407-2007Copyright 2008 IEEE. All rights reserved. 3time-to-failure test or a test in which samples are aged for fixed times followed by a diagnostic te
