1、Designation: D7192 10D7192 18Standard Test Method forHigh Speed Puncture Properties of Plastic Films Using Loadand Displacement Sensors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7192; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of puncture properties of plastic films, over a ran
3、ge of test velocities.1.1.1 Test Method ASTM Terminology Standard D1004D883 has defined film as having a thickness not greater than 0.25 mm.Plastic materials having a thickness above this limit are not to be excluded from use unless shown to be rigid (see 3.2.1). TestMethod D3763 is the recommended
4、method for instrumented puncture testing of rigid plastics.1.2 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, i
5、f any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1This test method does not closely conform to ISO 7765-2.
6、The only similarity between the two tests is that they are both instrumented impacttests. The differences in striker, fixture, specimen geometries and in test velocity can produce significantly different test results.NOTE 1This test method does not closely conform to ISO 7765-2. The only similarity
7、between the two tests is that they are both instrumented impacttests. The differences in striker, fixture, specimen geometries and in test velocity can produce significantly different test results.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles
8、on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics
9、for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and SheetingD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and Displacement SensorsD4000 Classi
10、fication System for Specifying Plastic MaterialsD6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of Plastic Film Test Specimens3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions see Terminology D883 and for abbreviations, see Terminology D1600.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 rigid, adja
11、ny plastic specimen that, when placed on the support component of the open clamp assembly, does not deflectinto the center of the unsupported region (under its own weight) by more than 0.05 mm from the horizontal plane of the supportcomponent.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Comm
12、ittee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and MoldedProducts.Current edition approved April 1, 2010Nov. 1, 2018. Published May 2010November 2018. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 20082010 asD7192 - 08a.D7192 - 10. D
13、OI: 10.1520/D7192-10.10.1520/D7192-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an
14、 ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. I
15、n all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1.
16、1 DiscussionThis definition is provided as a guideline to allow testing of soft, pliable plastic materials that are thicker than 0.25 mm.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed to provide load versus deformation response of plastic films under essentially multi-axialdeformation condi
17、tions at impact velocities. This test method further provides a measure of the rate sensitivity of the plastic filmsto impact.4.2 Multi-axial impact response, while partly dependent on thickness, does not necessarily have a linear correlation withspecimen thickness. Therefore, results should be comp
18、ared only for specimens of essentially the same thickness, unless specificresponses versus thickness formulae have been established for the plastic films being tested.4.3 For many plastic films, there may be it is possible that a specification exists that requires the use of this test method, butwit
19、h some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer tothat material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materialsstandards that currently exist.4.4 The values obtai
20、ned by this test method are highly dependent on the method and conditions of film fabrication as well asthe type and grade of resin. Results can vary significantly, depending upon sample quality, uniformity of film gage, die marks,contaminants, and so forth.5. Apparatus5.1 The testing machine shall
21、consist of two assemblies, one fixed and the other driven by a suitable method to achieve therequired impact velocity (that is, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, or gravity):5.1.1 Specimen Clamp AssemblyThis device shall be permitted to be variable with respect to the holding of the specimenmaterial
22、, depending upon specimen characteristics. The unsupported region of the specimen clamp assembly shall have a diameterof 76 6 3.0 mm. The edges of the unsupported region shall be rounded to a radius of 0.8 6 0.4 mm. The holding techniqueemployed on the specimen must not interfere with the radius edg
23、e of the clamp assembly. Specimens should be held taut but notstretched so as to cause damage to the specimen prior to test.NOTE 2The following techniques have been successfully employed for different types of plastic films: Parallel rigid plates clamped together with sufficient force (mechanically,
24、 pneumatically or hydraulically) to prevent slippage of the specimen in theclamp during impact. Rubber-like gaskets or o-rings affixed to the rigid plates to provide cushioning or gripping of the specimen when clamping force is applied. Removable assemblies, consisting of two concentric rings (one s
25、lightly larger than the other, similar to an embroidery hoop) that, when assembledand clamped between two rigid plates, succeed in pulling the specimen taut over the specified unsupported region prior to testing. All of the abovetechniques must employ the specified unsupported region and edge radius
26、 as noted in 5.1.1.5.1.2 Plunger Assembly, consisting of a 12.70 6 0.13-mm diameter rod with a hemispherical end of the same diameterpositioned perpendicular to, and centered on, the clamp hole. Plunger assembly shall be of sufficient length so as to allow forcomplete puncture of the test specimen.
27、Plunger assembly material shall be stainless steel, steel or aluminum. Surface finish of theplunger assembly shall be 16 in. (0.4 m).5.1.3 Other GeometriesThe dimensions given in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2 shall be the standard geometry. If other plunger or hole sizesare used they shall be highlighted in the r
28、eport. Correlations have not been established between different plunger geometries,materials, and finishes.5.1.4 Load Sensing SystemA load cell of sufficiently high natural resonance frequency, as described in A1.1, used togetherwith a calibrating network for adjusting load sensitivity.5.1.5 Plunger
29、 Displacement Measurement SystemAmeans of monitoring the displacement of the moving assembly during theloading and complete penetration of the specimen. This can be accomplished through the use of a suitable transducer orpotentiometer attached directly to the system. Photographic or optical systems
30、can also be utilized for measuring displacement.5.1.5.1 Alternatively, displacement shall be permitted to be calculated as a function of velocity and total available energy atinitial impact, along with increments of load versus time, using a microprocessor.5.1.5.2 Some machines use an accelerometer,
31、 whose output is used to calculate both load and displacement.5.1.6 Display and Recording InstrumentationUse any suitable means to display and record the data developed from the loadand displacement-sensing systems, provided its response characteristics are capable of presenting the data sensed, wit
32、h minimaldistortion. The recording apparatus shall record load and displacement simultaneously. For further information, see A1.2.5.1.6.1 The most rudimentary apparatus is a cathode-ray oscilloscope with a camera. This approach also requires a planimeteror other suitable device, capable of measuring
33、 the area under the recorded load-versus-displacement trace of the event with anaccuracy of 65 %.5.1.6.2 More sophisticated systems are commercially available. Most of them include computerized data reduction andautomatic printouts of results.D7192 1825.2 Measuring Instrument, accurate to 0.0025 mm
34、in the film thickness range defined in 1.1.1 (see Guide D6988).6. Test Specimen6.1 Specimens must be large enough to be adequately gripped in the clamp. In general, the minimum lateral dimension shouldbe at least 13 mm greater than the diameter of the hole in the clamp or any clamping gaskets or o-r
35、ings incorporated into theclamping mechanism (see 5.1.1 and 9.9).6.2 Specimens shall be cut from plastic films produced by any suitable process.6.3 The specimens shall be free of pinholes, wrinkles, folds or other obvious imperfection, unless such imperfections constitutevariables under study.7. Con
36、ditioning7.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens in a room or enclosed space maintained at 23 6 2C and 50 6 10 % relativehumidity, in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618 unless otherwise specified.7.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of 23 6 2C and 50
37、6 10 % relative humidity unlessotherwise specified. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61C and 65 % relative humidity.7.2.1 By changing the conditioning and test temperature in a controlled manner for a given test velocity, the temperature atwhich transition from ductile to brittle fa
38、ilure occurs can be determined for most plastic films.8. Speed of Testing8.1 For recommended testing speeds, see 9.4.9. Procedure9.1 Test a minimum of five specimens at each specified speed.9.2 Measure and record the thickness of each specimen to the nearest 0.0025 mm at the center of the specimen.9
39、.3 Clamp the specimen between the plates of the specimen holder, taking care to center the specimen for uniform gripping.9.4 Set the test speed to the desired value. The testing speed (movable-member velocity at the instant before contact with thespecimen) shall be as follows:9.4.1 For single-speed
40、tests, use a velocity of 200 m/min.9.4.1.1 Other speeds are permissible, provided they are clearly stated in the report.9.4.2 To measure the dependence of puncture properties on impact velocity, use a broad range of test speeds. Some suggestedspeeds are 2.5, 25, 125, 200, and 250 m/min.9.5 Set the a
41、vailable energy so that the velocity slowdown is no more than 20 % from the beginning of the test to the point ofpeak load. If the velocity should decrease by more than 20 %, discard the results and make additional tests on new specimens withmore available energy.NOTE 3It is observed that when the a
42、vailable energy is at least three times the absorbed energy at the peak load velocity slow-down is less than 20 %.9.6 Make the necessary adjustments to data collection apparatus as required by the manufacturers instructions or consultliterature such as STP 9363 for further information regarding sett
43、ing up data acquisition systems.9.7 Conduct the test, following the manufacturers instructions, for the specific equipment used.9.8 Remove the specimen and inspect the gripped portion for striations or other evidence of slippage. If there is evidence ofslippage, modify the clamping conditions or inc
44、rease the specimen size and repeat test procedures.9.9 Check plunger assembly for any film debris or residue before performing subsequent tests.10. Calculation10.1 Using the load-versus-displacement trace and appropriate scaling factors, calculate the following:10.1.1 Peak load, in Newtons.10.1.2 De
45、flection, in millimetres, to the point where peak load first occurred.10.1.3 From the area within the trace, calculate:10.1.3.1 Energy, in Joules, to the point where peak load first occurred.10.1.3.2 Total energy absorbed. The point for determining this has not been standardized. Therefore, the poin
46、t used for each testmust be stated in the report.10.1.4 Load, deflection, energy, or combination thereof, at any other specific point of interest (see Appendix X1).3 Instrumented Impact Testing of Plastics and Composite Materials, ASTM STP 936, ASTM, 1986.D7192 18310.2 For each series of tests, calc
47、ulate the arithmetic mean for each of the above, to three significant figures.10.3 Calculate the estimated standard deviations as follows:S 5S(X22n X 2n 21 D1/2 (1)where:S = estimated standard deviation,X = value of a single determination,n = number of determinations, andX = arithmetic mean of the s
48、et of determinations.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, including type, source, manufacturers code number, form and previoushistory,11.1.2 Specimen size and thickness,11.1.3 Method of preparing test specimens (extrusion molding, blo
49、w molding, and so forth),11.1.4 Geometry of clamp and plunger, if different from 5.1.1 and 5.1.2,11.1.5 Source and types of equipment,11.1.6 Speed of testing (see 9.4),11.1.7 The point on the curve at which total energy was calculated (see 10.1.3.2),11.1.8 Average value and standard deviation for each of the properties listed in 10.1,11.1.9 Whether or not any slippage of the specimens was detected (see Note 3),11.1.10 If the effect of testing speeds was studied (see 9.4.2),11.1.11 Type of plunger material used for the test, and11.1.12 Test specimen condi
