1、Designation: D4073/D4073M 06 (Reapproved 2019)1Standard Test Method forTensile-Tear Strength of Bituminous Roofing Membranes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4073/D4073M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially revised in January 2019.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determi
3、nation of the tensile-tear strength of bituminous roofing membranes.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, toensure conformance with the standard, each sy
4、stem shall beused independently of the other, and values from the twosystems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health,
5、and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internationa
6、l Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by DistillationD2829/D2829M Practice for Sampling and Analysis
7、 of Ex-isting Built-Up Roof SystemsD3617/D3617M Practice for Sampling and Analysis ofBuilt-Up Roof Systems During Application3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The tensile-tear strength of a membrane in both longi-tudinal and transverse directions is determined by measuringthe maximum load when notched sp
8、ecimens of specific dimen-sions are tested to failure at an arbitrary, fixed, tensile strainrate.4. Significance and Use4.1 Determining the tensile-tear strength of laboratory andfield samples of roofing membranes should be useful indeveloping performance criteria, and as one basis for compari-son o
9、f different materials and systems. The effects oftemperature, moisture, and aging may be evaluated by appro-priate selection of field samples or conditioning of laboratorysamples, and tests may be conducted in an environmentalchamber.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing MachineUniversal or standard testing machi
10、newith automatic load and strain recording equipment, capable ofcross-head movement at a constant rate of 2.54 mm/min 0.100in./min.5.2 GripsSelf-aligning grips or clamps for holding the testspecimen between the stationary member and the movablemember or cross-head of the testing machine. Jaw faces o
11、f thegrips shall be 75 mm 3.0 in. wide by 50 mm 2.0 in. deep,shall provide uniform clamping pressure, and shall preventslippage of the specimen during test.5.3 Environmental ChamberAn insulated chamber withheating and cooling capabilities, designed to enclose the testspecimen and clamps so that the
12、temperature may be controlledduring a test.6. Sampling6.1 Field SamplesField samples shall be taken in accor-dance with Practice D2829/D2829M or D3617/D3617M but ofa size suitable to provide sufficient material for testing in boththe machine and cross-machine directions. In cases where fieldapplied
13、aggregate is in place, it shall be removed with a hotscraper such as a putty knife without damaging the top felt. Incases where the insulation facer is a part of the membranesystem it should be included and so reported.6.2 Laboratory Samples:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit
14、tee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 onRoofing Membrane Systems.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2019. Published January 2019. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4073 06 (2013).DOI: 10.1520/D4073_D4073M-06R19E
15、01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Bo
16、x C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by t
17、he World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16.2.1 Condition all components at 23 6 2C 74 6 4F and50 6 5 % relative humidity for a minimum of 72 h prior toconstructing the membrane sample.6.2.2 Prepare sample membranes approximately 300 by 500mm 12 by 20 in. as required b
18、y the roof specifications beingtested, exclusive of aggregate.6.2.3 The quantity of bitumen in any layer shall be within10 % of the quantity specified and the entire sample shall bewithin 5 %. (These requirements apply to laboratory preparedsamples only.)7. Test Specimen7.1 Cut at least three test s
19、pecimens, in each orientation tobe tested, of the laboratory prepared or field sampled mem-brane with a die or a sharp razor-knife using a metal templateto produce the shape shown in Fig. 1. Machine-direction (MD)test specimens shall be oriented with the long dimension of thetest specimen parallel t
20、o machine direction. Cross-machine-direction (CMD) test specimens shall be oriented with the longdimension of the test specimen parallel to cross-machinedirection.7.2 Specimens shall contain in the notch area (see Fig. 1) theminimum number of plies specified for the membrane.8. Conditioning8.1 Maint
21、ain specimens cut from field samples “asreceived,” or condition them for 72 h at any desired tempera-ture and humidity prior to testing under those conditions.8.2 Condition specimens cut from laboratory preparedsamples for a minimum of 72 h at 23 6 2C 74 6 4F and50 6 5 % relative humidity, or any de
22、sired temperature andhumidity prior to testing under those conditions.9. Procedure9.1 Establish the desired conditions in the environmentalchamber, if used, and set the jaws of the self-aligning grips 100mm 4 in. apart. Clamp the test specimen in the jaws so thatthe jaw faces cover a 75 mm 3 in. wid
23、e by 50 mm 2 in. deeparea of the specimen at each end.9.2 Start the testing machine and break the specimen intension with a constant rate of cross-head movement of 2.54mm/min 0.100 in./min. Record the maximum load in pounds-force (newtons) as the tensile-tear strength of the specimen.9.3 Determine t
24、he moisture content of specimens in accor-dance with Test Method D95 immediately after breaking. Anymoisture condensed on the surface of the specimen should beremoved prior to testing moisture content.9.4 Unless another temperature is specified, test specimensat 23 6 2C 74 6 4F.10. Report10.1 The re
25、port shall include the following:10.1.1 Complete description of the membrane tested, in-cluding identification of all components if possible.10.1.2 Source and location from which field samples wereobtained, the date obtained, and the date constructed; forlaboratory samples, the date constructed.10.1
26、.3 Conditioning and testing procedure followed, includ-ing temperature and humidity, and the date of test.10.1.4 Tensile-tear strength of each specimen, and theaverage values in each direction for not less than threespecimens.10.1.5 Moisture content of specimens.11. Precision11.1 PrecisionBecause of
27、 the variations in felts andfabrics, repeatability and reproducibility may vary dependingupon the type of felt or fabric and the number of plies in themembrane. Reproducibility may be expected to vary approxi-mately 7 % about the mean for similar samples.11.2 BiasSince there is no accepted reference
28、 materialsuitable for determining the bias for this test method, bias hasnot been determined.12. Keywords12.1 bituminous roofing membranes; field and laboratorysamples; tensile-tear strengthFIG. 1 Tensile Tear SpecimenD4073/D4073M 06 (2019)12ASTM International takes no position respecting the validi
29、ty of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subjec
30、t to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarte
31、rs. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard
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