1、 IEC 62270 Edition 2.0 2013-09 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Guide for computer-based control for hydroelectric power plant automation Guide pour lautomatisation des centrales hydrolectriques laide de systmes de commande informatiques IEC62270:2013IEEE Std1249-2013IEEE Std 1249colourin
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19、 revised by the Energy Development b) update of communications, user and plant interfaces aspects; c) suppression of case studies, because of the quickness of evolution of the technology; d) complete review of the bibliography, making mention of many IEC and IEEE standards as new references; e) addi
20、tion of a new informative Annex B on legacy control systems. This publication is published as an IEC/IEEE Dual Logo standard. The text of this standard is based on the following IEC documents: FDIS Report on voting 4/284/FDIS 4/287/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard
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24、DE FOR COMPUTER-BASED CONTROL FOR HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT AUTOMATION 1 Overview The automation of control and data logging functions has relieved the plant operator of these tasks, allowing the operator more time to concentrate on other duties. In many cases, the plants operating costs can be sign
25、ificantly reduced by automation (primarily via staff reduction) while still maintaining or increasing the plant reliability. Automatic control systems for hydroelectric units based on electromechanical relay logic have been in general use for many years and, in fact, were considered standard practic
26、e for the industry. Within the past few decades, microprocessor-based controllers have been developed that are suitable for operation in a power plant environment. These computer-based systems have been applied for data logging, alarm monitoring, and unit and plant control. Advantages of computer-ba
27、sed control include use of graphical user interfaces, the incorporation of sequence of events and trending and automatic archiving and reporting into the control system and the incorporation of artificial intelligence and expert system capabilities. 1.1 Scope This guide addresses the application, de
28、sign concepts, and implementation of computer-based control systems for hydroelectric plant automation. It addresses functional capabilities, performance requirements, interface requirements, hardware considerations, and operator training. It includes recommendations for system testing and acceptanc
29、e. The electrical protective system (generator and step-up transformer) is beyond the scope of this guide. 1.2 Purpose This guide is directed to the practicing engineer who has some familiarity with computer-based control systems and who is designing or implementing hydroelectric unit or plant contr
30、ol systems, either in a new project or as a retrofit to an existing one. Although this guide is aimed primarily towards large hydroelectric power plants, many of the concepts are applicable for small hydroelectric power plants (i.e. unit size 5 MVA or smaller). Further details on small hydroelectric
31、 power plant control concepts can be found in IEEE Std 1020 B46.1, 2Typical hydroelectric system control logic upon on which this guide is based can be found in companion guide IEEE Std 1010 B45 or IEC 61362 B22.32 Terms and definitions The terms and definitions provided here reflect common industry
32、 usage as related to automation of hydroelectric power plants, and may not in all instances be in accordance with IEEE Standards _ 1 IEEE publications are available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA (http:/standards.ieee.org/). 2 The
33、 number in square brackets refer to the references listed in the bibliography in Annex A. 3 IEC publications are available from the Sales Department of the International Electrotechnical Commission, PO Box 131, 3 rue de Varemb, CH-1211, Genve 20, Switzerland/Suisse (http:/www.iec.ch/). IEC publicati
34、ons are also available in the United States from the Sales Department, American national Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10036, USA. IEC 62270 4 IEEE Std 1249 Published by IEC under license from IEEE. 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. Dictionary Online4B39, IEEE Std
35、610.12 B41 or IEC 60050-351 B2 or other applicable standards. For more rigorous terms and definitions, or for terms and definitions not covered herein, the reader is referred to the appropriate IEEE and IEC standards. 2.1 analog-to-digital (a/d) conversion production of a digital output signal corre
36、sponding to the value of an analog input quantity 2.2 automatic control an arrangement of electrical controls that provides for switching or controlling, or both, of equipment in a specific sequence and under predetermined conditions without operator intervention 2.3 automatic generation control (AG
37、C) the capability to regulate the power output of selectable units in response to total power plant output, tie-line power flow, and power system frequency 2.4 automatic voltage control (AVC) the capability to regulate a specific power system voltage, via adjustment of unit excitation within the lim
38、its of unit terminal voltage and VAR capability 2.5 automation hierarchy the design and implementation of automation functions in a multilevel structure, such as local level, group level, unit level, etc. 2.6 availability the ratio of uptime (system functional) to uptime plus downtime (system not fu
39、nctional) 2.7 backplane a circuit board with connectors or sockets that provides a standardized method of transferring signals between plug-in circuit cards 2.8 bridge a device that allows two networks of the same or similar technology to communicate 2.9 centralized control a control location one st
40、ep removed from local control; remote from the equipment or generating unit, but still within the confines of the plant (e.g., controls located in a plant control room) 2.10 closed loop control a type of automatic control in which control actions are based on signals fed back from the controlled equ
41、ipment or system. For example, a plant control system can control the power output of a multi-unit hydroelectric power plant by monitoring the total plant megawatt value and, in turn controlling the turbine governor of each unit thus changing the plant power output to meet system needs. As a further
42、 example, plant control system can control the upstream or downstream reservoir water level by monitoring the water level measurement and in turn controlling the turbine governor of each unit or the position of each gate, changing the inflows or outflows to meet the water level set point. _ 4IEEE St
43、andards Dictionary Online subscription is available at: http:/www.ieee.org/portal/innovate/products/standard/standards_dictionary.html. IEC 62270 IEEE Std 1249 5 Published by IEC under license from IEEE. 2013 IEEE. All rights reserved. 2.11 cold standby a configuration consisting of two control proc
44、essors arranged such that if a fault occurs on the master control processor, the slave (or second) control processor starts. There is an interruption in the processing operations between the fault on the master processor and the commencement of operation of the slave processor. 2.12 computer-based a
45、utomation the use of computer components, such as logic controllers, sequence controllers, personnel computers, or workstations or any kind of digital processor in order to bring plant equipment into operation, optimize operation in a steady-state condition, and shut down the equipment in the proper
46、 sequence under safe operating conditions 2.13 control hierarchy a system organization incorporating multiple levels of control responsibility 2.14 control philosophy the total concept on which a power plant control system is based 2.15 control processor a device with CPUs, software, and interface b
47、us which controls equipment in the proper sequence 2.16 data acquisition system a system that receives data from one or more remote points. Data may be transported in either analog or digital form. 2.17 database the collection of stored data regarding the process variables and processing procedures
48、2.18 data bus a control network technology in which data stations share one single communication system medium. Messages propagate over the entire medium and are received by all data stations simultaneously. 2.19 device (electrical equipment) an operating element such as a relay, contactor, circuit
49、breaker, switch or valve, used to perform a given function in the operation of electrical equipment 2.20 digital-to-analog (d/a) conversion production of an analog signal whose magnitude is proportional to the value of a digital input signal 2.21 distributed processing a design in which data is processed in multiple processors. Processing functions could be shared by the processors throughout the control system. 2.22 event a discrete change of state (status) of a system or device 2.23 expert system compute
