1、- 1 -兰州一中 2018-2019-1 学期高三年级 9 月月考考试题 高 三 英 语 说明：试卷分第 I 卷（选择题）和第 II 卷（非选择题）两部分。满分 120 分，考试时间100 分钟。答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。第 I 卷（选择题）第一部分： 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节：（共 15 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWeve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying t
2、ickets from scalpers , or purchasing line cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).Markets and queuespaying and waitingare two dif
3、ferent ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first served,” have an egalitarian(平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.The principle seems right on play grounds and at bus stops. But the mor
4、als of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.Sometimes standards change,
5、and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which - 2 -it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. Its as if the company is t
6、rying to ease our impatience with fairness.But dont take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to“score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call thi
7、s telephonic queue jumping. Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern li
8、fe that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors offices, and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in the
9、se places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.1. According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come,first served”?A. Taking buses. B. Buying houses. C. Flying with an airline. D. Visiting amusement parks.2.
10、The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates A. the necessity of patience in queuing B. the advantage of modern technologyC. the uncertainty of allocation principle D. the fairness of telephonic services3.The passage is meant to _.A. justify paying for faster services B. dis
11、cuss the morals of allocating thingsC. analyze the reason for standing in line D. criticize the behavior of - 3 -queue jumpingBNo one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them
12、. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus on doing one specific job.Lets take a man well call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same t
13、ime, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didnt make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows (犁), or any of other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.Suppose there was another man we sh
14、all call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow
15、 for one of my plows.How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to
16、the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into
17、stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the
18、 way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of - 4 -simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get peoples attention.A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the oth
19、er noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quali
20、ty. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in todays world. 4. What probably led to the start of advertisement?A. The discovery of iron. B. The specialization of labor.C. The appearance of new jobs. D. The development of farming techniques.5. To advertise his pl
21、ows, Mr. Plowright _.A. praised his plows in public B. placed a sign outside the shopC. hung an arrow pointing to the shop D. showed his products to the customers6. The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to _.A. explain the origin of advertising B. predict the
22、future of advertisingC. expose problems in advertising D. provide suggestions for advertising7. In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who _.A. owned a ship B. had the loudest voiceC. ran a shop selling goods to farmers D. functioned like todays TV or radio commercial8. The last two paragrap
23、hs are mainly about _.A. the history of advertising B. the benefits of advertising- 5 -C. the early forms of advertising D. the basic design of advertisingCGenetically Modified (GM) food is unfortunately becoming more popular among farmers and food processors. Crops are being genetically modified to
24、 resist insects, plant diseases, insecticides(杀虫剂). Plants are also modified to look bigger and better. Unfortunately the end goal isnt providing nutrition for people, its to increase profit margins and to make food look better. In fact many modern fruits and vegetables are twice the size of what th
25、ey used to be while having far less vitamins, and not tasting good either. Now research is showing that genetically modified food might even be bad for you. GM organisms are organisms that have genes inserted into their DNA in order to offer certain characteristics. In this way you can make it bette
26、r, or make it last longer.Jeffrey M. Smith has published a study about the dangers of GM food. It was discovered that when GM soy was fed to female rats they found that all their young died within 3 weeks compared to a natural 10% death rate. Their young were also born smaller and they later had pro
27、blems becoming pregnant. A study of pigs found that they also became infertile(不育) after eating GM corn.Many people are eating GM food without even realizing it. The solution to this problem is simple. Human beings existed in their current form for hundreds of thousands of years. For most of that ti
28、me we ate a diet consisting of meat, fruit, vegetable, fish, eggs and nuts. This is our optimal diet which leads us to live a healthy and long life. But over the last 30 years North America has experienced diabetes, cancer and heart disease. All due to the misinformation provided by groups who work
29、on behalf of the manufacturers of GM food. The way to avoid obesity, heart disease and cancer is by eating like our stone-age ancestors.9. According to the author, what ultimately inspired the popularity of GM crops?- 6 -A. Rich nutrition. B. Unique taste. C. High profits. D. Energy saving10. What h
30、ad we better do if we want to stay healthy according to the text?A. Eat more fruit. B. Be vegetarians. C. Eat more grains. D. Keep traditional diet.11. The text is organized in the form of _.A. time and events B. cause and effect C. reasoning and argument D. contrast and comparison12. We can infer t
31、hat the lobby groups (in Paragraph 4) are people who are _.A. scientists who give out false information because of carelessnessB. doctors who try to profit from patients who suffer from unhealthy foodC. workers who try to cheat customers for the benefits of food producersD. agricultural technicians
32、who are responsible for promoting new productDThey may be teenagers,but 17-year-old Brittany Bull and 16-year-old Sesam Mngqengqiswa have grand ambitionsto launch Africas first private satellite into space.They are part of a team of high school girls from Cape Town,South Africa,who have designed and
33、 built equipment for a satellite that will orbit over the earths poles scanning Africas surface.Once in space,the satellite will collect information on agriculture,and food security within the continent.Using the data,“we can try to determine and predict the problems Africa will be facing in the fut
34、ure”,explains Bull,a student at Pelican Park High School.“Where our food is growing,where we can plant more trees and vegetation and also how we can monitor remote areas,”she says.“We have a lot of forest fires and floods but we dont always get out there in time.”Information received twice a day wil
35、l go towards disaster prevention.Its part of a project by South Africas Meta Economic Development - 7 -Organization(MEDO) working with Morehead State University in the US.The girls (14 in total) are being trained by satellite engineers from Cape Peninsula University of Technology,in an effort to enc
36、ourage more African women into STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics).Scheduled to launch in May 2017,if successful,it will make MEDO the first private company in Africa to build a satellite and send it into orbit.Mngqengqiswa comes from a single parent household. Her mother is a domes
37、tic worker. By becoming a space engineer or astronaut,the teenager hopes to make her mother proud.“Discovering space and seeing the Earths atmosphere,its not something many black Africans have been able to do,or get the opportunity to look at.I want to see and experience these things for myself,”say
38、s Mngqengqiswa.Her team mate Bull agrees,“I want to show to fellow girls that we dont need to sit around or limit ourselves.Any career is possibleeven aerospace.”13.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?A. Information provided by the satellite. B. The benefits brought by the satellite.C. Problems
39、African agriculture faces. D. The way the satellite collects information.14.Why are the experts teaching the girls satellite technology?A. To turn them into good farmers. B. To help African women to live better.C. To train employees for a private company. D. To attract more African women to sci-tech
40、 fields.15.What do you think of the girls in the text?A. Ambitious and pioneering. B. Generous and considerate.C. Independent and modest. D. Brave and tolerant.- 8 -第二节：（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分 ， 满 分 10 分 ）根 据 短 文 内 容 ， 从 短 文 后 的 选 项 中 选 出 能 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项 。 选 项 中 有 两 项 为 多 余 选 项 。Before going outside i
41、n the morning, many of us check a window thermometer(温度计)for the temperature. This helps us decide what to wear. _16_. We want our food to be a certain coldness in the refrigerator. We want it a certain hotness in the oven. If we dont feel well, we use a thermometer to see if we have a fever. We kee
42、p our rooms a certain warmth in the winter and a certain coolness in the summer.Not all the thermometers use the same system to measure temperature. We use a system called the Fahrenheit scale. But most other countries use the Centigrade scale.Both systems use the freezing and boiling points of wate
43、r as their guide._17_ .The most common kind of thermometer is made with mercury(水银)inside a clear glass tube. As mercury (or any other liquid ) becomes hot, it expands. As it gets colder, it contracts(收缩). That is why on hot days the mercury line is high in the glass tube._18_.First. Take a clear gl
44、ass juice bottle that has a cap ; fill the bottle with coloured water. Tap a hole in the center of the cap using a hammer and thick nail. Put the cap on the jar. Then stick a plastic straw through the nail hole._19_.Finally. Place a white card on the outside of the bottle and behind the straw. Now y
45、ou can see the water lever easily._20_.As the temperature goes down, the water will contract, and the lever in the straw will come down. Perhaps you will want to keep a record of the water lever in the straw each morning for a week.AWe use and depend on thermometers to measure the temperature of man
46、y other things in our daily- 9 -lives.BThermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in the same way when they are heated or cooled.CNow that you know this rule you can make a thermometer of your own that will work.DThe water will rise in the straw. As the temperature of the air g
47、oes up, the water will expand and riseeven higher.EThey label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at212 degrees. On the Celsius scale water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100degrees.FTake wax (you may use an old candle if you have one) and melt s
48、ome of it right where the straw is struck into the cap to seal（把粘住) them together.GPeople use thermometers which are made by themselves when travelling around the world.第二部分： 语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节： 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，撑握其大意，然后从 3655 各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。It wa
49、s raining. I went into a caf and asked for a coffee. 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place, but I sensed 22 . I saw their bodies, but I couldnt feel their souls 23 their souls belonged to the 24 .I stood up and walked between the tables. When I came to the biggest computer, I saw a thin, small man 25 in front o
