1、Unit 4,Body language,Section Learning about Language,语 法 精 讲,动词ing形式作定语和状语,自 主 预 习,用所给词的适当形式填空，并思考探究其与其逻辑主语之间的关系及在句中的功能。 Yesterday，another student and I，_(represent)our universitys student association，went to the Capital Intemational Airport to meet this years international students.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动
2、关系，相当于非限制性_从句) I stood for a minute _ (watch)them and then went to greet them.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作_状语),representing,定语,watching,伴随,She stepped back _(appear)surprised and put upher hands，as if in defence.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作_状语) Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in _(smile)，together with George Cook
3、 from Canada.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作_状语) Just at that moment，however，Akira bowed so his nose touched Georges _(move)hand.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，作_),appearing,伴随,smiling,伴随,moving,定语,In the same way that people communicate with spoken language，they also express their feelings _(use)unspoken“language”through
4、 physical distance.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的_关系，作方式_) Most people around the world now greet each other by _ (shake)hands，.(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的_关系，作介词_) In general，though，_(study)international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads！(与其逻辑主语之间为逻辑上的_关系，作_),using,主动,状语,shaki
5、ng,主动,宾语,studying,主动,主语,合 作 探 究,一、基础点拨 (一)动词ing形式的基本形式,(二)动词ing形式的作用 1.动词ing形式作定语。 *The sleeping baby looks very beautiful.(前置定语) 这位正在睡觉的婴儿看起来太漂亮了。 *The man sitting in the car is waiting for his daughter. (后置定语)坐在车里的男子正在等他的女儿。 *The law being carried out is to ban drunken driving. (后置定语，强调正在被执行的法律) 正
6、在执行中的这则法律旨在禁止酒后驾驶。,用所给词的正确形式填空。 (2014全国卷)Today there are more airplanes_(carry) more people than ever before in the skies. (2014北京高考)Last night，there were millions of people _ (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV. (2014山东高考)There is a note pinned to the door _ (say)when the shop will open again.,
7、carrying,watching,saying,2.动词ing形式作状语 (1)作时间状语。 *Working in the office，the clerk heard an explosion from the street. 在办公室工作时，这位职员听到街上发出了爆炸声。 *Having finished her homework，the girl was busy with the thing she likes. 完成了家庭作业，女孩就忙于做她喜欢做的事情。,(4)作结果状语。 *He failed to work out the last question in the math
8、s paper，making him lose the chance to enter his ideal university. 他没有能够做出数学试卷上的最后一道题，致使他失去了上理想大学的机会。 (5)作让步状语。 *Working hard all the day，he still felt energetic. 尽管努力工作了一整天，他仍然感到精力充沛。,(6)作伴随状语。 *The girls sat together in front of the house，talking and laughing. 女孩们一起坐在屋前，又说又笑。 (7)作方式状语。 *They greete
9、d each other bowing to each other. 他们鞠躬彼此打招呼。,用所给词的正确形式填空。 (2016北京高考) Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，_(turn) the old town into a dreamland. (2016天津高考) The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows，_( make ) air conditioning unnecessary.,turning,making,二、难点突破 1.单个的动词ing形式作定语置于被修饰词的前面
10、时，注意下面的两种情况对比。 * The old man needs a walking stick. The old man needs a stick used for walking.(表示用途) 老人需要一把用于行走的手杖。 * There are many people on the top of the mountain now who are enjoying the rising sun. There are many people on the top of the mountain now who are enjoying the sun which is rising.(
11、强调动作) 现在山顶上有很多人在欣赏正在升起的太阳。,2.独立主格。 现在分词作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。 *Weather permitting，we will go out for an outing. 如果天气允许，我们会出去远足。 *The paper having been finished，the student handed itin. 做完试卷之后，这位学生把它交了上去。,3.评论性状语。 有些动词ing形式作状语，在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度
12、、观点等，被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。常见的有generally/strictly/frankly speaking，judging from，considering，supposing，providing等。 *Judging from what he has said，he is a doctor. 根据他的话判断，他是位医生。 *Considering that the old man is old，he needs looking after. 考虑到老人老了，他需要被照顾。,4.动词ing形式作状语时，常将否定副词not置于分词前面。 *Not having finished the
13、 work，they had to work extra hours. 由于没有完成工作，他们只好加班。 5.状语从句转化为非谓语作状语时，若从句的主语与主句的主语一致，从句谓语含有be动词时，可保留从句的引导词。 *When getting to the top of the mountain，they found the sun was rising. 当他们到达山顶时，发现太阳正在升起。,6.动词ing形式与过去分词的区别 (1)语态不同：v.ing形式表示主动概念，与相关的名词或代词之间构成一种“主谓关系”。而过去分词表示被动概念，与相关的名词或代词构成一种“动宾关系” (2)时间不同
14、：v.ing形式表示“正在进行的动作”；过去分词表示“已完成的动作”。 Seeing from the hill，you will see the beautiful city. 在山上看，你会看到美丽的城市。 Seen from the hill，the beautiful lake is like a big mirror. 从山上看，那个美丽的湖就像一面大镜子。,用所给词的正确形式填空。 Weather _(permit)，we are going to visit you tomorrow. Spring _(come)，it gets warmer and warmer. The rain _(stop)，they went back to work.,permitting,coming,having stopped,
