1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2010 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U
4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/j2782_201010SURFACEVEHICLEINFORMATIONREPORTJ2782 OCT2010 Issued 2010-10 Performance Specificati
5、ons for a Midsize Male Pedestrian Research Dummy RATIONALE Not applicable. FOREWORD Worldwide, vehicle impacts with pedestrians constitute the most frequent cause of traffic-related fatalities. As a result, knowledge about pedestrian crashes is essential to the reduction of fatalities and injuries f
6、or these “vulnerable road users“ (see definitions). Currently available tools and methods for studying pedestrian casualties include statistical databases, component testing, and computer simulations. While currently in limited use, full-scale vehicle tests with a pedestrian crash-test dummy are an
7、essential component for understanding the motions and sequence of body component impacts which lead to pedestrian trauma and for developing appropriate countermeasures. Possible uses for such a dummy could include the: Study of pedestrian kinematics Facilitation of crash reconstruction techniques in
8、cluding pedestrian kinematics Assessment of injury risk probabilities for given vehicle, crash, and countermeasure combinations Design of pedestrian protection systems Evaluation of active systems (pop-up hoods, airbags, etc.) Refinement of component test parameters and procedures Validation of comp
9、uter simulations NOTE: This SAE document is intended as a guide toward standard practice and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. SAE J2782 Issued OCT2010 Page 2 of 58TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 51.1 Purpose . 52. REFERENCES 52.1 Applicable Documents 52.1.1 SAE an
10、d Stapp Publications . 52.1.2 Government Publications 62.1.3 ESV Publications . 72.1.4 ICRASH Publication 72.1.5 IRCOBI Publications . 72.1.6 ISO Publications 82.1.7 ISB Publications 82.1.8 UMTRI Publication 82.1.9 USACM Publication . 82.1.10 Other Publications . 82.2 Related Publications . 92.2.1 S
11、AE and Stapp Publications . 92.2.2 Government Publications 102.2.3 ESV Publications . 102.2.4 IRCOBI Publications . 112.2.5 ISO Publications 112.2.6 SAFE Publication 112.2.7 Other Publications . 112.3 Definitions . 122.4 Symbols, Subscripts and Abbreviations 122.4.1 Abbreviations 122.4.2 Symbols 133
12、. REQUIREMENTS . 133.1 Head 133.1.1 Geometric and Mass Characteristics 133.1.2 Head Biofidelity . 133.1.3 Repeatability and Reproducibility 163.2 Neck 163.2.1 MASS CHARACTERISTICS . 163.2.2 Neck Biofidelity 163.2.3 Repeatability and Reproducibility 163.3 Shoulder 163.3.1 Geometric Properties 163.3.2
13、 Shoulder Biofidelity . 173.3.3 Repeatability and Reproducibility 173.4 Thorax . 183.4.1 Geometric and Mass Characteristics 183.4.2 Thorax Biofidelity . 203.4.3 Repeatability and Reproducibility 213.5 Upper Extremities 213.5.1 Location of Center of Gravity 213.5.2 Mass 223.6 Abdomen and Pelvis . 223
14、.6.1 Geometric and Mass Characteristics 223.6.2 Pelvis Biofidelity 233.6.3 Repeatability and Reproducibility 243.7 Thigh . 243.7.1 Geometric Properties 243.7.2 Mass 253.7.3 Location of Center of Gravity 25SAE J2782 Issued OCT2010 Page 3 of 583.8 Knees 253.8.1 Geometric Properties 253.8.2 Knee Biofid
15、elity . 253.8.3 Repeatability and Reproducibility 253.9 Legs . 273.9.1 Geometric Properties 273.9.2 Mass 273.9.3 Location of Center of Gravity 273.9.4 Leg Biofidelity 273.9.5 Repeatability and Reproducibility 273.10 Ankles and Feet 293.10.1 Shoes 293.10.2 Mass 293.10.3 Location of Center of Gravity
16、293.11 Clothing . 293.12 Whole Body . 293.12.1 Body Structures . 293.12.2 Geometric and Mass Characteristics 303.12.3 Instrumentation Compatibility 303.12.4 Biofidelity . 313.12.5 Handling 313.12.6 Repeatability and Reproducibility 313.12.7 Durability . 313.13 Sensors and Data Acquisition Systems (D
17、AS) . 323.13.1 Sensor Locations 323.13.2 Sensor and DAS Specifications 323.13.3 Data Acquisition 324. TEST METHODS AND ANALYSIS PROCEDURES 334.1 Head Biofidelity . 334.1.1 Frontal Drop Test 334.1.2 Lateral Drop Test 334.2 Neck 334.2.1 Neck Flexion Test . 334.2.2 Lateral Pendulum Test 334.3 Shoulder
18、334.4 Thorax . 334.4.1 Frontal Pendulum Test 334.4.2 Lateral Pendulum Test 334.5 Pelvis . 334.5.1 Lateral Pendulum Test (6 m/s) 334.5.2 Lateral Pendulum Test (10 m/s) 344.6 Knee 344.7 Legs . 354.8 Whole Body . 364.8.1 Buck Specifications . 364.8.2 Impact Speed 374.8.3 Dummy Pre-Test Position . 374.8
19、.4 High Speed Cameras and Analysis Procedures . 385. NOTES 435.1 Marginal Indicia . 43APPENDIX A RATIONALE REGARDING BACKGROUND AND REQUIREMENTS FOR A STANDARDIZED PEDESTRIAN RESEARCH DUMMY . 44SAE J2782 Issued OCT2010 Page 4 of 58FIGURE 1 HEAD HEIGHT . 14FIGURE 2 HEAD BREADTH . 14FIGURE 3 HEAD CIRC
20、UMFERENCE . 15FIGURE 4 HEAD LENGTH 15FIGURE 5 SHOULDER BREADTH . 17FIGURE 6 FORCE VERSUS TIME LATERAL SHOULDER CORRIDOR 18FIGURE 7 THORAX CIRCUMFERENCE 19FIGURE 8 THORAX INTERSCYE DISTANCE . 19FIGURE 9 4.27 M/S FRONTAL PENDULUM FORCE-DEFLECTION RESPONSE CORRIDOR 20FIGURE 10 ISO/TR 9790:1999(E) FORCE
21、 VERSUS TIME LATERAL THORAX CORRIDOR . 21FIGURE 11 HIP CIRCUMFERENCE . 22FIGURE 12 BI-TROCHANTERIC BREADTH 23FIGURE 13 FORCE VERSUS VELOCITY LATERAL PELVIS CORRIDOR . 24FIGURE 14 THIGH CIRCUMFERENCE 25FIGURE 15 KNEE CIRCUMFERENCE . 26FIGURE 16 LINEAR BOUNDARIES OF KNEE LATERO-MEDIAL RESPONSE CORRIDO
22、R . 26FIGURE 17 MAXIMUM LEG CIRCUMFERENCE . 28FIGURE 18 LINEAR BOUNDARIES OF LEG LATERAL BENDING RESPONSE CORRIDOR . 28FIGURE 19 KNEE EXAMPLE TEST SET-UP . 34FIGURE 20 SCHEMATIC FOR KNEE JOINT KINETICS 35FIGURE 21 LEG EXAMPLE TEST SET-UP 36FIGURE 22 SCHEMATIC OF THE POSITIONING MEASURES 39TABLE 1 LA
23、TERAL SHOULDER PENDULUM FORCE - TIME CORRIDOR . 18TABLE 2 4.27 M/S FRONTAL PENDULUM FORCE-DEFLECTION RESPONSE CORRIDOR 20TABLE 3 ISO/TR 9790:1999(E) FORCE VERSUS TIME LATERAL THORAX CORRIDOR . 21TABLE 4 LATERAL PELVIS PENDULUM FORCE - VELOCITY CORRIDOR . 24TABLE 5 KNEE STIFFNESS CORRIDOR 27TABLE 6 L
24、EG STIFFNESS CORRIDOR . 29TABLE 7 DUMMY WHOLE BODY DIMENSIONS (ALL DIMENSIONS ARE WITH SHOES) 30TABLE 8 DUMMY SENSOR MEASURES(5) 32TABLE 9 POSITIONING MEASURES . 38SAE J2782 Issued OCT2010 Page 5 of 581. SCOPE While it is recognized that collisions involve pedestrians of all sizes, this Information
25、Report addresses performance specifications for a midsize adult male research dummy. This approach stems from the greater knowledge of biomechanics and existing dummy technologies for the midsize male relative to other adult sizes and children. While not the initial objective, it is envisioned that
26、additional performance specifications for other sizes of pedestrian research dummies will be developed in the future based on accepted scaling procedures. The specific requirements for the pedestrian dummy have been based on a collective assessment of pedestrian injury, response, and anthropometry p
27、riorities from the experimental, epidemiologic, and computational literature. In general, the objective was to specify performance specifications based on human characteristics and the impact response of post-mortem human subjects rather than to specify the design of a particular physical device. Ba
28、sed on the perceived applications for a research pedestrian dummy, the primary focus of this document centered on biofidelic whole-body kinematics during a vehicle-pedestrian impact. Specific body regions were prioritized (see A.1.5) based on a combination of pedestrian injury, including both severi
29、ty and frequency. Based on the priorities established by a review committee, the specifications provided in this document include both mandatory and recommended requirements as indicated by the terms “shall” and “should,” respectively. As pedestrian injury trends and dummy hardware continue to evolv
30、e in the future, it is anticipated that this document will expand to include more mandatory requirements in more body regions. Finally, it should be noted that the test procedures described in this document only apply to the specific tests required to assess pedestrian dummy biofidelity. It is antic
31、ipated that pedestrian dummies meeting the performance criteria of this document will be used in a wide variety of tests, requiring specialized test and data procedures. 1.1 Purpose This document specifies the performance requirements for a midsize adult male pedestrian dummy that can be used to stu
32、dy pedestrian-vehicle interactions. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE and Stapp Publications Available from SAE In
33、ternational, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J211-1 Instrumentation for Impact TestPart 1Electronic Instrumentation SAE J1733 Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash Testing SAE J2570 Performance Sp
34、ecifications for Anthropomorphic Test Device Transducers SAE J2868 Pedestrian Dummy Full Scale Test Results and Resource Materials SAE CAESAR Harrison, C. R., Robinette, K. M., (2002), Summary Statistics for the Adult Population (Ages 18-65) of the United States of America, Interim Report: AFRL-HE-W
35、P-TR-2002-0170 SAE RR-017 Robinette, K.N., Blackwell, S., Hoeferlin, D., Fleming, S., Kelly, S., Burnsides, D., Boehmer, M., Brill, T., Daanen, H., Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometry Resource (CAESAR) Final Report, Vol II: Detailed Methodology and Descriptions SAE J2782 Issued OCT2
36、010 Page 6 of 58SAE 1999-01-0082 Akiyama, A., Yoshida, S., Matsuhashi, T., Ranagarajan, N. et al., “Development of Simulation Model and Pedestrian Dummy,“ SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-0082, 1999, doi:10.4271/1999-01-0082 SAE 2003-01-0895 Kerrigan, J.R., Bhalla, K.S., Madeley, N.J., Funk, J.R. et al.,
37、 “Experiments for Establishing Pedestrian-Impact Lower Limb Injury Criteria,“ SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0895, doi:10.4271/2003-01-0895 SAE 2004-01-0288 Lessley, D., Crandall, J., Shaw, G., Kent, R. et al., “A Normalization Technique for Developing Corridors for Individual Subject Responses,“ SAE T
38、echnical Paper 2004-01-0288, 2004, doi:10.4271/2004-01-0288 SAE 2004-01-1607 Meissner, M., van Rooij, L., Bhalla, K., Crandall, J. et al., “A Multi-Body Computational Study of the Kinematic and Injury Response of a Pedestrian with Variable Stance upon Impact with a Vehicle,“ SAE Technical Paper 2004
39、-01-1607, 2004, doi:10.4271/2004-01-1607SAE 2004-01-1608 Bose, D., Bhalla, K., Rooij, L., Millington, S. et al., “Response of the Knee Joint to the Pedestrian Impact Loading Environment,“ SAE Technical Paper 2004-01-1608, 2004, doi:10.4271/2004-01-1608 SAE 2005-01-1875 Kam, C.Y., Kerrigan, J., Meiss
40、ner, M., Drinkwater, C. et al., “Design of a Full-Scale Impact System for Analysis of Vehicle Pedestrian Collisions,“ SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-1875, 2005, doi:10.4271/2005-01-1875 Hattori, K., Hayashi, S., Sakuma, S., (2000) JSAE 2000-5406, Study for Evaluation Method of Pedestrian Injury on Simu
41、lated Pedestrian Accidents Kroell, C.K., Schneider, D.C., and Nahum, A.M., “Impact Tolerance and Response of the Human Thorax,“ Proceedings of the 15thStapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Technical Paper 710851, 1971, doi:10.4271/710851 Schneider, H. and Beier, G., “Experiment and Accident: Comparison of
42、 Dummy Test Results and Real Pedestrian Accidents,“ Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference, SAE Technical Paper 741177, 1974, doi:10.4271/741177 2.1.2 Government Publications Available from NHTSA, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE, West Building,W
43、ashington, D.C. 20590, www.nhtsa.gov.1978 NASA-RP-1024 Anthropometric Source BookVolume 1: Anthropometry for DesignersNASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) S-479-VOL-1, 19780701, July 1, 1978 2006 49CFR572.32 PART 572_ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICESSubpart E_Hybrid III Test DummyHead 2006 49CFR5
44、72.33 PART 572_ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICESSubpart E_Hybrid III Test DummyNECK 2006 49CFR572.34 PART 572_ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICESSubpart E_Hybrid III Test DummyTHORAX 2006 49CFR572.112 PART 572_ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICESSubpart M_Side Impact Hybrid Dummy 50th Percentile MaleHead 2001 49CFR572.
45、113 PART 572_ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICESSubpart M_Side Impact Hybrid Dummy 50th Percentile MaleNeck National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), “Traffic Safety Facts 2003-Pedestrians,” DOT HS 809 769, 2003 SAE J2782 Issued OCT2010 Page 7 of 582.1.3 ESV Publications Available from NHTSA,
46、 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE, West Building,Washington, D.C. 20590, USA, www.nhtsa.gov.Akiyama, A., Okamoto, M., Rangarajan N., (2001), Development and Application of the New Pedestrian Dummy, Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference o
47、n the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, ESV 463-O Aldman, B., Kajzer, J., Bunketorp, O., Eppinger, R., (1985), An Experimental Study of a Modified Compliant Bumper, Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on the Experimental Safety Vehicles Bhalla, K., Bose, D., Madeley, N. J., Kerriga
48、n, J., Crandall, J., Longhitano, D., Takahashi, Y., (2003) Evaluation of the Response of Mechanical Pedestrian Knee Joint Impactors in Bending and Shear Loading, Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, ESV 429-O Chidester, A. B., Isenberg, R. A.
49、 , (2001), Final ReportThe Pedestrian Crash Data Study, Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles, ESV 248-W Fredriksson, R., Haland, Y., Yang, J., (2001), Evaluation of a New Pedestrian Head Injury Protection System with a Sensor in the Bumper and Lifting of the Bonnets Rear Part, Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the En
