1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1796_201212 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J1796 DEC2012 Issued 1995-05 Revised 2012-1
5、2Superseding J1796 MAY2005 Spectral Transmission Test RATIONALE This document is being written to standardize calculations and communications involving spectral transmission data from safety-glazing materials for road vehicles. This revised document now conforms with the computational convention “A“
6、 in ISO 13837. 1. SCOPE The scope of this SAE performance standard is to define the test method by which the direct solar and visible transmittance of safety glazing materials for road vehicles shall be measured. Adherence to this performance standard will facilitate writing, use and referencing of
7、reports by government, industry and other organizations. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this performance standard is to determine the direct solar and visible and color transmittance of safety glazing materials for road vehicles. 1.2 Application The performance standard applies to monolithic or laminate
8、d, clear or tinted samples of safety glazing materials. Essentially flat sections of glazing parts may be used in this test as well as flat samples of the same materials. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herei
9、n. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 ISO Publications Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 13837:2008 Road vehicles - Safety glazing materials - Metho
10、d for the determination of solar transmittance ISO 9845-1:1992(E) Solar Energy - Reference solar spectral irradiance at the ground at different receiving conditions - Part 1: Direct normal and hemispherical solar irradiance for air mass 1.5 - Table 1 - Spectral solar irradiance (column 5) SAE J1796
11、Revised DEC2012 Page 2 of 82.1.2 CIE Publications Available from CIE Central Bureau, Kegelgasse 27, A-1030 Vienna, AUSTRIA CIE Publication No. 85 Technical Report - Solar Spectral Irradiance CIE Publication 15:2004 Colorimetry, 3rd ed. 2.1.3 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 B
12、arr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org ASTM E308 (96) Standard Test Method for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System ASTM E380-93 Practice for the use of the International System of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric System
13、) 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 STANDARDIZE To adjust an instrument output to correspond to a previously established calibration using one or more homogeneous specimens or reference materials. 3.2 TRANSMITTANCE The ratio of transmitted flux to incident flux, under specified geometric and spectral conditions. 3
14、.3 AIR MASS The ratio of the mass of atmosphere in the actual observer-sun path to the mass that would exist if the observer were at sea level, at standard barometric pressure, and the sun were directly overhead. 3.4 SOLAR UV TRANSMITTANCE (TUV) The transmittance weighted, interval by interval, deri
15、ved from modified ISO 9845-1, Table 1, column 5, Eg79i. (with air mass = 1.5 global)1distribution from 300 through 400 nanometers (nm) at 5 nm intervals (Table 1). 3.5 SOLAR DIRECT TRANSMITTANCE (TDS) The transmittance weighted, interval by interval, derived from modified ISO 9845-1, Table 1, column
16、 5, Eg79g76(with air mass = 1.5 global)2 distribution from 300 through 2500 (nm) at 5, 10, 50 nm intervals (Table 2). 3.6 VISIBLE LUMINOUS TRANSMITTANCE (LTA) Illuminant A spectral power distribution (2856 K correlated color temperature) multiplied by the spectral luminous efficiency function for ph
17、otopic vision (V(g79). The transmittance weighted, interval by interval, according to ASTM E308 (90), 7.1.1 and 7.2.1 (Abridged Calculation Procedure) and Table 5.1, column (y). This is nearly equivalent to CIE Publication No. 15:2004, (Table 1.1, A) times (Table 2.1, y(g79) distribution from 380 th
18、rough 780 (nm) at 10 nm intervals. NOTE: V(g79) = y(g79) (See Note 3, page 20 of CIE Publication15:2004). See Section 4.2.3.4 below. 1The TUVin modified ISO 9845-1 Table 1, column 5 is equivalent to the TUVin ISO 13837, Table 1, Eg79i. 2The TDSin modified ISO 9845-1 Table 1, column 5 is equivalent t
19、o the TDSin ISO 13837, Table 2, Eg79i. SAE J1796 Revised DEC2012 Page 3 of 83.7 COLOR TRANSMITTANCE (X, Y, Z) Illuminant D65spectral power distribution (6500 K correlated color temperature) multiplied by the CIE 1964 supplementary standard colorimetric observer (see ASTM E308 (96). The transmittance
20、 is weighted, interval by interval, according to ASTM E308 (96), Table 5.19. This is equivalent to CIE Publication No. 15:2004 (Table 1.1, D65) times (Table 2.2, x10(g79), y10(g79), z10(g79) distribution from 380 through 780 (nm) at 10 nm intervals. See Section 4.2.3.5 below. 4. TEST METHOD 4.1 Appa
21、ratus - Measuring Instrument This method requires spectral transmittance data to be obtained from samples of glazing materials using a scanning spectrophotometer. This instrument, preferably equipped with an integrating sphere, must be capable of measuring transmittance over that part of the electro
22、magnetic spectrum in which the suns energy is transmitted to the earths surface. Required wavelength range: 300 - 2300 nm. Preferred wavelength range: 300 - 2500 nm. 4.2 Procedure 4.2.1 Sample Preparation Cut, if necessary, and clean the flattest area of curved test specimens with distilled water an
23、d reagent grade methanol or use an alternate procedure appropriate to the material if necessary. Cut and clean flat samples similarly. 4.2.2 Measurement Standardize the spectrophotometer according to the manufacturers instructions. Place a clean sample normal to the measuring beam in the transmittan
24、ce sample position. Note its film side and curvature orientation if applicable. Record the sample spectral data according to the instrument manufacturers recommendation. 4.2.3 Calculation Compute direct solar transmittance by integration using the solar weight data in Tables 1 and 2. 4.2.3.1 Transmi
25、ttance (T) for the solar range (g791to g79n) is determined by Equation 1 and Equation 2. )(%)400(%400300nETTUV g79g79g99g117g54g32 (see Table 1 for El(n) (Eq. 1) )(%)5.1(%2500300nETTDS g79g79g99g117g54g32 (see Table 2 for El(n) (Eq. 2)where: Eg79(n) is the normalized trapezoidal solar energy in wave
26、length interval (g39g79ng12. %TUV(400) is the ultraviolet transmittance to 400nm %TDS(1.5) is the visible and near-infrared transmittance for air mass 1.5 4.2.3.2 Measure transmittance at intervals of 5 nm from 300 to 400 nm, 10 nm from 400 to 800 nm, and 50 nm from 800 to 2500 nm. Transmittance mus
27、t be measured to at least 2300 nm. If it is not possible to measure transmittance to 2500 nm, the last value must be multiplied by the remaining (Eg79g3g117g3g39g79) weight values. 4.2.3.3 This standard defines the determination of the direct solar transmittance of safety glazing materials. SAE J179
28、6 Revised DEC2012 Page 4 of 84.2.3.4 Luminous transmittance (LTA) for the visible range (380 to 780 nm) is determined by the following function: g79g39g117g117g79g117g32g79g79g166)A(E)(VT%LT%780380A(Eq. 3)NOTE: This is equivalent to summing the product of the “Y“ column of Table 5.1 in ASTM E308 (96
29、) by %Tg79of the specimen. 4.2.3.5 Color transmittance for the visible range is determined by the following functions: g79g39g117g117g79g117g32g79g79g166)D(E)(XT%T%6510780380Xg79g39g117g117g79g117g32g79g79g166)D(E)(YT%T%6510780380Y(Eqs. 4) g79g39g117g117g79g117g32g79g79g166)D(E)(ZT%T%6510780380ZNOTE
30、: These equations are equivalent to summing the products of the “X,“ “Y,“ and “Z“ columns of Table 5.19 in ASTM E308 (96) by %Tg79of the specimen. See 3.7. Calculated values from Equations 4, abbreviated to X, Y, Z are inserted into the following CIELAB (L*, a*, b*) equations: g187g187g187g188g186g1
31、71g171g171g172g170g184g184g185g183g168g168g169g167g16g184g184g185g183g168g168g169g167g117g32g13g187g187g187g188g186g171g171g171g172g170g184g184g185g183g168g168g169g167g16g184g184g185g183g168g168g169g167g117g32g13g16g184g184g185g183g168g168g169g167g117g32g1331n31n31n31n31nZZYY200bYYXX500a16YY116L(Eqs
32、. 5) where: Xn= 94.811 Yn= 100.000 Zn= 107.304 (Xn, Yn, and Znare taken from Table 5.19 of ASTM E308 (96). 4.2.4 Expression of Results Record thickness, type, construction, and curvature orientation, if applicable, of the specimen, the instrument used, and the specimens direct solar and visible tran
33、smittance rounded to 0.1%. Report color transmittance rounded to 0.1% L* and 0.01 a* and b* in accordance with ASTM E380 (93) rounding convention. SAE J1796 Revised DEC2012 Page 5 of 8TABLE 1 - SOLAR UV TRANSMITTANCE g79g3g3g11nm) Eg79(n) 300 0.000000 305 0.001045 310 0.004634 315 0.011800 320 0.019
34、807 325 0.027019 330 0.043271 335 0.042703 340 0.047644 345 0.048041 350 0.052948 355 0.054947 360 0.056946 365 0.064930 370 0.072925 375 0.075901 380 0.077991 385 0.075890 390 0.073777 395 0.092335 400 0.055446 )(%)400(%400300nETTUV g79g79g99g117g54g32 Normalized relative spectral distribution of a
35、ir mass 1.5 global solar radiation, Eg79g11g75g12, multiplied by the trapezoidal wavelength interval, g39g79. (Modified wavelength intervals in ISO 9845-1:1992(E), Table 1, column 5 and equivalent to ISO 13837, Table 1.) SAE J1796 Revised DEC2012 Page 6 of 8TABLE 2 - SOLAR DIRECT TRANSMITTANCE g79 (
36、nm) Eg79(n) g79 (nm) Eg79(n) g79 (nm) Eg79(n) 300 0.000000 410 0.011712 850 0.049016 305 0.000048 420 0.011973 900 0.039872 310 0.000214 430 0.010839 950 0.016652 315 0.000545 440 0.013166 1000 0.037501 320 0.000915 450 0.015431 1050 0.034127 325 0.001248 460 0.016175 1100 0.020859 330 0.001999 470
37、0.015988 1150 0.012512 335 0.001973 480 0.016466 1200 0.021415 340 0.002201 490 0.015565 1250 0.023934 345 0.002219 500 0.015661 1300 0.018651 350 0.002446 510 0.016043 1350 0.001642 355 0.002538 520 0.015016 1400 0.000136 360 0.002630 530 0.015900 1450 0.003746 365 0.002999 540 0.015681 1500 0.0095
38、48 370 0.003369 550 0.015790 1550 0.013934 375 0.003506 560 0.015539 1600 0.012093 380 0.003603 570 0.015184 1650 0.011636 385 0.003506 580 0.014646 1700 0.010440 390 0.003408 590 0.014112 1750 0.008111 395 0.004265 600 0.014568 1800 0.001553 400 0.007684 610 0.015020 1850 0.000231 620 0.014760 1900
39、 0.000000 630 0.014502 1950 0.000682 640 0.014525 2000 0.001878 650 0.014547 2050 0.004040 660 0.014333 2100 0.004507 670 0.014079 2150 0.004134 680 0.012749 2200 0.003604 690 0.011426 2250 0.003583 700 0.012375 2300 0.003468 710 0.013315 2350 0.003242 720 0.010313 2400 0.002251 730 0.011094 2450 0.
40、001070 740 0.012248 2500 0.000433 750 0.012119 760 0.009197 770 0.010675 780 0.011438 790 0.011201 800 0.032812 )(%)5.1(%2500300nETTDS g79g79g99g117g54g32 Normalized relative spectral distribution of air mass 1.5 global solar radiation, Eg99g79(n), multiplied by the trapezoidal wavelength interval,
41、g39g79. (Modified wavelength intervals in ISO 9845-1:1992(E), Table 1, column 5 and equivalent to ISO 13837, Table 2.) SAE J1796 Revised DEC2012 Page 7 of 85. NOTES 5.1 Marginal Indicia A change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical r
42、evisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY THE SAE GLAZING MATERIALS STANDARDS COMMITTEE SAE J1796 Revised DEC2012 Page 8 of 8APPENDIX A - INFORMATIVE FIGURE A1 - SOLAR DIRECT TRANSMITTANCE (SEE TABLE 2) FIGURE A2 - HEMISPHERICAL SOLAR SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE
