1、 NFPA 1999 Standard on Protective Clothing and Ensembles for Emergency Medical Operations 2018ISBN: 978-145591733-4 (Print) ISBN: 978-145591734-1 (PDF) ISBN: 978-145591783-9 (eBook) IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDARDS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF N
2、FPA STANDARDS NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a consensus standards development process approved by the American National Standards Institute. This process brings together volunteers rep
3、resenting varied viewpoints and interests to achieve consensus on fire and other safety issues. While the NFPA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy of any information or the
4、 soundness of any judgments contained in NFPA Standards. The NFPA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance on
5、NFPA Standards. The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein. In issuing and making NFPA Standards available, the NFPA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity. Nor is th
6、e NFPA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances
7、. The NFPA has no power, nor does it undertake, to police or enforce compliance with the contents of NFPA Standards. Nor does the NFPA list, certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for compliance with this document. Any certification or other statement of compliance with the re
8、quirements of this document shall not be attributable to the NFPA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. See ALERT ALERT: THIS STANDARD HAS BEEN MODIFIED BY A TIA OR ERRATA Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) shou
9、ld be aware that NFPA Standards may be amended from time to time through the issuance of a Tentative Interim Amendment (TIA) or corrected by Errata. An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any TIAs and Errata then in effect. To det
10、ermine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of TIAs or corrected by Errata, go to www.nfpa.org/docinfo to choose from the list of NFPA Standards or use the search feature to select the NFPA Standard number (e.g., NFPA 13). The document information page provides up-to- date
11、document-specific information as well as postings of all existing TIAs and Errata. It also includes the option to register for an “Alert” feature to receive an automatic email notification when new updates and other information are posted regarding the document. REVISION SYMBOLS IDENTIFYING CHANGES
12、FROM THE PREVIOUS EDITION Text revisions are shaded. A before a section number indicates that words within that section were deleted and a to the left of a table or figure number indicates a revision to an existing table or figure. When a chapter was heavily revised, the entire chapter is marked thr
13、oughout with the symbol. Where one or more sections were deleted, a is placed between the remaining sections. Chapters, annexes, sections, figures, and tables that are new are indicated with an N . Note that these indicators are a guide. Rearrangement of sections may not be captured in the markup, b
14、ut users can view complete revision details in the First and Second Draft Reports located in the archived revision information section of each code at www.nfpa.org/docinfo. Any subsequent changes from the NFPA Technical Meeting, Tentative Interim Amendments, and Errata are also located there.IMPORTA
15、NT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPA STANDARDS ADDITIONAL NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS Updating of NFPA Standards Users of NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions o
16、r may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An ofcial NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendments and any Errata then in effect. In order to deter
17、mine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected through the issuance of Errata, consult appropriate NFPA publications such as the National Fire Codes Subscription Service, visit the NFPA website at
18、 www.nfpa.org, or contact the NFPA at the address listed below. Interpretations of NFPA Standards A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with Section 6 of the Regulations Governing the Development of NFPA Standards shall not be considered the ofcial position of NFPA or any
19、 of its Committees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a Formal Interpretation. Patents The NFPA does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights referenced in, related to, or asserted in connection with an NFPA Standard. The users of NFPA Standards
20、bear the sole responsibility for determining the validity of any such patent rights, as well as the risk of infringement of such rights, and the NFPA disclaims liability for the infringement of any patent resulting from the use of or reliance on NFPA Standards. NFPA adheres to the policy of the Amer
21、ican National Standards Institute (ANSI) regarding the inclusion of patents in American National Standards (“the ANSI Patent Policy”), and hereby gives the following notice pursuant to that policy: NOTICE: The users attention is called to the possibility that compliance with an NFPA Standard may req
22、uire use of an invention covered by patent rights. NFPA takes no position as to the validity of any such patent rights or as to whether such patent rights constitute or include essential patent claims under the ANSI Patent Policy. If, in connection with the ANSI Patent Policy, a patent holder has le
23、d a statement of willingness to grant licenses under these rights on reasonable and nondiscriminatory terms and conditions to applicants desiring to obtain such a license, copies of such led statements can be obtained, on request, from NFPA. For further information, contact the NFPA at the address l
24、isted below. Law and Regulations Users of NFPA Standards should consult applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. NFPA does not, by the publication of its codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and t
25、hese documents may not be construed as doing so. Copyrights NFPA Standards are copyrighted. They are made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotio
26、n of safe practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the NFPA does not waive any rights in copyright to these documents. Use of NFPA Standards for regulatory purposes should be accomplished through adoption by reference. T
27、he term “adoption by reference” means the citing of title, edition, and publishing information only. Any deletions, additions, and changes desired by the adopting authority should be noted separately in the adopting instrument. In order to assist NFPA in following the uses made of its documents, ado
28、pting authorities are requested to notify the NFPA (Attention: Secretary, Standards Council) in writing of such use. For technical assistance and questions concerning adoption of NFPA Standards, contact NFPA at the address below. For Further Information All questions or other communications relating
29、 to NFPA Standards and all requests for information on NFPA procedures governing its codes and standards development process, including information on the procedures for requesting Formal Interpretations, for proposing Tentative Interim Amendments, and for proposing revisions to NFPA standards durin
30、g regular revision cycles, should be sent to NFPA headquarters, addressed to the attention of the Secretary, Standards Council, NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101; email: stds_adminnfpa.org. For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. All NFP
31、A codes and standards can be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/docinfo.1999-1 NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. Copyright 2017 National Fire Protection Association . All Rights Reserved. N
32、FPA 1999 Standard on Protective Clothing and Ensembles for Emergency Medical Operations 2018 Edition This edition of NFPA 1999, Standard on Protective Clothing and Ensembles for Emergency Medical Operations, was prepared by the Technical Committee on Emergency Medical Services Protective Clothing an
33、d Equipment and released by the Correlating Committee on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment. It was issued by the Standards Council on August 1, 2017, with an effective date of August 21, 2017, and supersedes all previous editions. This document has been amended by one or
34、more Tentative Interim Amendments (TIAs) and/or Errata. See “Codes & Standards” at www.nfpa.org for more information. This edition of NFPA 1999 was approved as an American National Standard on August 21, 2017. Origin and Development of NFPA 1999 This standard was developed to address protective garm
35、ents, gloves, and facewear designed that protect persons providing emergency medical care against exposure to liquid-borne pathogens during emergency medical operations. NFPA 1999 denes minimum performance for protective clothing as required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA
36、) Final Rule (29 CFR 1910.1030) Protecting Health Care Workers from Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens. The Final Rule states: “When there is occupational exposure, the employer shall provide at no cost to the employee, appropriate personal protective equipment, such as, but not limited t
37、o, gloves, gowns, laboratory coats, face shields or masks, and eye protection, and mouthpieces, resuscitation bags, pocket masks, or other ventilation devices. Personal protective equipment will be considered appropriate only if it does not permit blood or other potential infectious materials to pas
38、s through to or reach the employees work clothes, street clothes, undergarments, skin, eyes, mouth, or other mucous membranes under normal conditions of use and for the duration of time which the protective equipment will be used.” NFPA 1999 offers specic performance criteria that involve exposing p
39、rotective clothing materials to surrogate virus challenge utilizing a specic time and pressure protocol. This procedure has been documented to discriminate between current protective clothing materials and to correlate with visual penetration results that are obtained with a human factors evaluation
40、. Each type of clothing must resist penetration to blood-borne pathogens as determined by this test. Additional garment requirements cover overall liquidtight integrity, material strength, physical hazard resistance, seam strength, and closure strength. Additional requirements for gloves cover minim
41、um performance for tensile and elongation properties in an “as received” condition as well as following heat aging and isopropyl alcohol immersion, minimum sizing, and liquidtight integrity for intended areas of penetration. Additional requirements for facewear or face protection devices cover adequ
42、ate visibility and integrity, in addition to resisting penetration of blood-borne pathogens. The selection of test methods and performance requirements was based on surveys of emergency medical services (EMS) personnel and a technical study supported by the U.S. Fire Administration. The Subcommittee
43、 on Hazardous Chemicals Protective Clothing began its work on the rst edition of this document in 1990 and passed on its work to the Technical Committee on Fire Service Protective Clothing and Equipment in January 1991. The rst edition was presented to the Association at the 1992 Annual Meeting in N
44、ew Orleans, LA. Since the rst edition in 1992, the entire project for re service protective clothing and equipment was reorganized in January 1995 by the Standards Council. The new project had aPROTECTIVE CLOTHING AND ENSEMBLES FOR EMERGENCY MEDICAL OPERATIONS 1999-2 2018 Edition Technical Correlati
45、ng Committee on Fire and Emergency Services Protective Clothing and Equipment and eight technical committees operating within it. The Technical Committee on Emergency Medical Services Protective Clothing and Equipment was now responsible for NFPA 1999. In 1997, the second edition incorporated single
46、-use and reusable items of EMS protective clothing. Prior to that edition, there was no differentiation between single-use and reusable items. Items that were reused might not have continued to provide biopenetration barrier protection. Reusable items could be advantageous and cost-effective for cer
47、tain items of EMS clothing such as garments. Durability conditioning was added to the test methods of items that would be identied as not for single use only. EMS gloves remained single-use items only. This was consistent with NFPA 1581, Standard on Fire Department Infection Control Program. EMS glo
48、ves were also newly required to be an FDA registered medical device. The rst edition allowed partial body garments, such as sleeve covers or apron-type gowns, and also allowed the biopenetration barrier protection to be less in area than the area covered by the garment (such as only the front of a s
49、mock or jacket having the biopenetration barrier protection). The second edition continued to permit partial body garments but did not allow partial biopenetration barrier protection in a garment. Biopenetration barrier protection was required for the full area covered by the garment. Test methods were completely reformatted to present consistency in test methods and to assure that all key elements of a test were given within the method. The third edition of NFPA 1999 was reformatted into the new style for all NFPA codes and standards and, therefore, the c
