1、 ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2011 American National Standard for Portable Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries Safety Standard ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2011 Revision of ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2003 American National Standard for Portable Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries Safety Standard Secretariat: National Electr
2、ical Manufacturers Association Approved December 22, 2010 American National Standards Institute ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2011 NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at t
3、he time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document. ANSI standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus
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5、es not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether speci
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9、nt or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additiona
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11、tatement of compliance with any health or safetyrelated information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2011 i AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires
12、 verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially af
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15、in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed t
16、o the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this
17、standard no later than five years from the date of approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street,
18、Rosslyn, VA 22209 Copyright 2011 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights reserved including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the international and P
19、an American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2011 ii This page intentionally left blank.
20、 ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2011 iii Contents Foreword v 1 Introduction 1 2 Scope. 1 3 Normative References . 1 4 Definitions. 1 5 Requirements for Safety 3 5.1 Design . 3 5.1.1 General 3 5.1.2 Venting . 3 5.1.3 Temperature/Current Management . 4 5.1.4 Attitude (Orientation) 4 5.1.5 Multi-Cell Molded Plast
21、ic Battery Enclosure 4 5.1.6 Insulation Resistance. 4 5.2 Requirements 4 6 Type Approval 4 6.1 Sample Plan, Sample Size, and Test Sequence 4 6.2 Acceptance Criteria.6 6.2.1 Excessive Temperature Rise. 6 6.2.2 Leakage . 6 6.2.3 Mass Loss 6 6.2.4 Venting . 6 6.2.5 Fire . 6 6.2.6 Rupture 6 6.2.7 Explos
22、ion/Disassembly 7 6.2.8 Open Circuit Voltage 7 6.3 Overview of Tests and Acceptance Criteria (Table 2) 7 7 Test Procedures and Compliance (Verification). 8 7.1 General . 8 7.1.1 Test Temperature. 8 7.1.2 Discharging Samples . 8 7.2 Pretest Conditions. 8 7.2.1 Dimensions 8 7.2.2 Open Circuit Voltage
23、8 7.2.3 Closed Circuit Voltage . 8 7.2.4 Insulation Resistance Test. 9 7.3 Intended Use Simulation Tests . 9 7.3.1 Test A: Altitude Simulation. 9 7.3.2 Test B: Thermal Shock 10 7.3.3 Test C: Vibration 10 7.3.4 Test D: Mechanical Shock . 11 7.3.5 Test E: Partial Use . 12 7.4 Reasonably Foreseeable Mi
24、suse Tests 12 7.4.1 Test F: External Short-Circuit. 12 7.4.2 Test G: Forced Discharge 14 7.4.3 Test H: Incorrect Installation 14 7.4.4 Test I: Free Fall (User Drop) 15 ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2011 iv 7.4.5 Test J: Crush 16 7.5 Design Consideration Tests 16 7.5.1 Test K: Thermal Abuse 16 7.5.2 Test L: Mo
25、ld Stress 17 7.6 Other Test . 17 7.6.1 Test M: Impact Test . 17 8 Information for Safety 21 9 Instructions for Use . 22 10 Marking . 22 10.1 General . 22 10.2 Small Size Batteries 22 Annex A Guidance for Device Designers . 24 Annex B Guidelines for Packaging, Transportation, and Disposal . 26 Annex
26、C Bibliography. 29 Figures Figure 1 Small Cell or Battery Gauge (Inner Dimensions). 3 Figure 2 Sample Size for Single-Cell and Multi-Cell Batteries. 5 Figure 3 Circuit Diagram for Test F: External Short-Circuit . 13 Figure 4 Circuit Diagram for Test H: Incorrect Installation. 15 Figure 5 Typical Mem
27、ory Back-Up Circuit . 22 Tables Table 1 Maximum Mass Loss 6 Table 2 Acceptance Criteria. 7 Table 3A Tests Required for Single Cell Batteries 19 Table 3B Tests Required for Multi-Cell Batteries. 20 ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2011 v Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard C18.3M, Pa
28、rt 2-2011.) In 1912, a committee of the American Electrochemical Society recommended standard methods to be used in testing dry cells. Their recommendations were followed five years later when the National Bureau of Standards prepared specifications that included cell sizes, arrangement of cells wit
29、hin batteries, service tests, and required performance. The need for continued revision to the specification led to the authorization, by the American Engineering Standards committee, of a permanent sectional committee on dry cells, now portable cells. This committee, C18, representing battery users
30、, manufacturers, and government agencies, has remained active since that time. In April 1996, the then ANSI Accredited Standards Committee C18 on Specifications for Dry Cells and Batteries established a new general format for the publication of its standards, dividing the standard into two parts. Pa
31、rt 1 of this American National Standard for Portable Lithium Primary Cells and Batteries contains two basic sections. The first section has general requirements and information, such as the scope, applicable definitions, general descriptions of battery dimensions, terminal requirements, marking requ
32、irements, general design conditions, test conditions, etc. Section 2 of Part 1 is composed of specification sheets for various types of cells and batteries. This Part 2 of the standard, a separate document, contains safety requirements. The ANSI Committee C18 on Portable Cells and Batteries complete
33、d what is in effect the first edition of this specification on safety requirements in 1999 under the sponsorship of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). The purpose of the first edition was to harmonize with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Publication 60086-4
34、: Product Safety Standard for Primary Lithium Batteries. This second edition was undertaken to update the safety tests and keep them current with the best possible practices. This latest edition continues to consider and take into account the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Danger
35、ous Goods. The current Model Regulations include lithium battery test recommendations in the Manual of Tests and Criteria. Additional consideration was given to IEC 62281 ed.1 Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport. The purpose of these considerations was to har
36、monize test procedures, where appropriate, and prevent the proliferation of unnecessary or redundant tests. Suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 N. 17th Street, Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, Atte
37、ntion: Secretary ANSI ASC C18. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards Committee C18 on Portable Cells and Batteries. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it app
38、roved this standard, the C18 committee had the following members: Michael H. Babiak, Chairperson Steven Wicelinski, Vice-chairperson Ben Biroschak, Secretary Organization Represented: Name of Representative: BAE Systems Andrew J.Markow Bureau Veritas, Consumer Product Services Thomas Heckman ANSI C1
39、8.3M, Part 2-2011 vi Duracell Stevn Wicelinski S. KelKy (Alternate) Eastman Kodak Company James C. DeJager Energizer Battery Manufacturing, Inc. Michael H. Babiak Mrcus K.Bolsh(Alternate) Fisher Price / Mattel Douglas G. Golde Intertek ETL SEMKO Robert Armstrong Kids I Robert J.Coughlin Panasonic Ba
40、ttery Corporation of America Charles P. Monahan Portable Power Consultants Ramesh V. Shah SGS Jody M. Lebr Spectrum Brands, Inc. John L. Hadley DenisCrpntr(Alternate) Tiburon Associates James A. Gucinski Underwriters Laboratories Laurie B. Florence The members of Subcommittee C18-5 on Safety Standar
41、ds who contributed to the development of this standard are: Keel Kelly, Chairperson Ramesh Shah, Vice-chairperson Ben Biroschak, Secretary Michael Babiak James Gucinski Marcus Boolish John Hadley Robert Coughlin Jody LeberJames DeJager Andrew Markow Laurie Florence Charles Monahan Douglas Golde Stev
42、en Wicelinski 1 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI C18.3M, PART 2-2011 For Portable Lithium Primary Cells and BatteriesSafety Standard 1 Introduction The concept of safety is closely related to safeguarding the integrity of people and property. This standard defines tests and requirements for primary l
43、ithium cells and batteries to ensure their safe operation under normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Safety is a balance between freedom from risk of harm and other demands to be met by the product. There can be no absolute safety. Even at the highest level of safety, the product can only b
44、e relatively safe. In this respect, decision-making is based on risk evaluation and safety judgment. As safety will pose different problems, it is impossible to provide a set of precise provisions and recommendations that will apply in every case. However, this standard, when followed on a judicious
45、 “use when applicable” basis, will provide reasonably consistent standards for safety. 2 Scope This American National Standard specifies tests and requirements for portable primary lithium cells and batteries, both the chemical systems and the types covered in ANSI C18.3M, Part 1, to ensure their sa
46、fe operation under normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. For reference, the chemical systems standardized in ANSI C18.3M, Part 1 are: Lithium carbon monofluoride; Lithium manganese dioxide; Lithium iron disulfide. 3 Normative References The following standard contains provisions that, throug
47、h reference in this text, constitute provisions of this American National Standard. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this American National Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated be
48、low. ANSI C18.3M, Part 1, American National Standard for Portable Lithium Primary Cells and BatteriesGeneral and Specifications 4 Definitions For the purposes of this American National Standard, the following definitions apply. 4.1 battery: One or more cells, including case, terminals, and marking.
49、4.2 battery, coin: A small round battery, where the overall height is less than the diameter. 4.3 battery, cylindrical: A battery with cylindrical geometry, where the overall height is equal to or greater than the diameter. 4.4 battery, portable: A battery that is easily hand carried. ANSI C18.3M, Part 2-2011 2 4.5 battery, primary lithium: A battery that has metallic lithium or lithium alloy as its anode and that is not designed to be charged. 4.6 battery, prismatic: A battery with non-round geometry. 4.7 cell, primary: A so
