1、c- -38 MIL-HDBK-220B 1 April 1986 SUPERSEDING MIL-HDBK-220A 16 March 1970 MILITARY HANDBOOK 6LOSSARY OF TRAININ6 DEVICE TERMS AMSC NfA FSC 69GP DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 1 THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS Jg PAGES, Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduc
2、tion or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-2208 b7 M 7979770 0047473 b M .I DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE WASHINGTON, - DC 20301 1. This Wilitary Handbook is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2, Defense with the assistance of the military
3、departments, federal agencies, and industry. . This standardization handbook was developed by t.he Department of 3. This document provides uniform terminology peculiar to the general . field of training devices. purchase specifications except for informational purposes, nor shall it supersede any sp
4、ecification requiremmts. The handbook is not intended to be referenced in - 4. The. coverage of the glossary is broad. define those tem used primarily by personnel engaged in t.he development , production and utilization of training devices. handbook be reviewed periodically to insure its completene
5、ss and accuracy. Every effort has been made to It is intended that this 5. Teims in broad use in the Department of Defense and not unique to training and terms defined in other Military Handbooks Glossaries have not been included. 6. This glossary includes tams associated with training devices as we
6、ll as the broader area of training syst.ems, such as sound/slie programs and embedded training. 7. Benef icial conunents (recommmdations, additions deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Naval Training Systems Center, ATTN: Technical
7、Data Management Branch, Code 424 e Orlando, FL 32813-7100, by using the self-addressed Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter. ii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,
8、-MIL-HDBK-22OB FDRWRD This handbook is intended to serve as a convenient refercznce source for training device. teims and to define those terms so as to strip them of shaded interpretations, ambiguities and misuse in their application. Used as a guide in the preparation of procurement specifications
9、, military standards and technical manuals, this glossary will reduce misunderstanding within all departme.nt. and agencies of the Department of Defense and in Gowetrunent/industry exc.hanges of technical information. iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without l
10、icense from IHS-,-,-Paragraph 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 2. 3. 4. 5. o I MIL-HDBK-220B CONTENTS Page. SCOPE Purpose . Criteria Application . REFERENCED DOCUMENTS (Not applicable.) . 2 DEFINITIONS (Not. alicable) GENERAL REQUIREMENTS (Not applicable.) . DETAILED REQUIREMENTS . 3 4 5 iv Provided by IHSNot for Res
11、aleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-220B 67 m 7779970 OOLI7476 L = MIL-HDBK-22 OB 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose. general field of txaining devices. 1.2 Criteria. for inclusion: This handbook establishes definitions for terms peculiar to the The following crite.ria
12、 determine the acceptability of a term a, The term is of interest to two or more military departments b. The term has a specific significance related to military training devices c. The military application of t.he term is not adequately defined in any standard dictionary. Such terms may be included
13、; however, if they have general joint service interest, and it is demonstrated that they are subject to misunderstanding or misuse. 1.3 Application, by those personnel engaged in the de.velopment, production and utilization of training devices. It is anticipated t.hat this handbook will be used prim
14、arily I i i i I I I I I I I I l I l I Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-220B 69 = 79779711 OOLi7Li77 3 MIL-HDBK-2ZOB 2. REFERENCE DOCUHENTS NOT APPLICABLE . -2 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitte
15、d without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-220B 67 m 7779970 OOLi9978 5 W #IL-HDBK-2 2 OB 3. DEFIHITIOHS NOT APPLICABLE . 3 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-_ - MIL-HDBK-220B b7 m 7777970 0047477 7 m MIL-HDBK-SLOB 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
16、NOT AI“PL1CABLE e e a 4 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I - a 5 e a MIL-HDBK-220B 69 W 9999970 O049480 3 YIIL-HDBK-22OB 5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS ACH (AIR COMBAT MANEUVERING) - At minimum, ACH involves a pair of pilots or aircrew in ai
17、rcraft. pursuing mutually exclusive objectives. seeking to destroy the other. aircraft is const.antly changing as each pilot maneuvers t.o c.ounteract the maneuvering of the. other. One aircraft is The dynamic relationship be.twe.en the two ACTUAL EQUIPMENT TRAINER (MAINTENANCE) - An actual syst.em
18、or subsystem component modif Sed to allow multiple disassembly or asse.mbly for training of maintenance personnel as specialists for field maintenance. level or de.pot level shops. AIR TACTICS TRAINER - A trainer that. simulates the aircraft operational systems and the enwironmental effects which ar
19、e encounte.re.d. It is used for air crew training in t.he tactical application of the operational systems. AIRCRAFT FLIGHT SIHULATOR - See Operational Flight Trainer. ALIASING - Unnatural artif acts of simulation which result from treating continuous things as a set of discrete. fragments. When simu
20、lation processing of the discrete parts is completed and t.he parts are bined to form the entire thing being simulated discontinuities occur. In training simulation the term is usually applied to sta5rste.p like structures in straight lines of a visual image, but. it also applies t.o other similar p
21、henomena. discontinuities may be in space, time or any other domain. The ANIMATED PANEL TRAINING AID - A set of presentations used as a training aid t.o a system, or syst.ems of a specified equipment. synthetic static and dynamic component depictions mounted on a display surface. The syst.em is inte
22、grated schematically by connecting linkages, fluid and electrical lines, and other conne.ct.ing or associated elements. Lines aiid components may be. illuminated to facilitate accomplishment. of desired training. The pre.sentation consists of AREA OF INTEREST (VISUAL) - A technique. for producing a
23、high quality visual image only in a narrow area at any instant while providing lower quality imagery in the surrounding area. direction of the head and eye. The. system may track a target the pointhg AUDIO-VISUAL TRAINING AIDS - A generic. term embracing audio training aids, visual training aids, an
24、d training aids which employ both audio and visual means to communicate. AUTOHATIC TUTOR - This feature pr0vide.s a self -paced and self -administered programmed instruction on the capabilities and use of the simulator and the. instructional support features. instructor console. to provide hands-on
25、experience; however, it is desirable that this feature also be provided off-line on similar equipment thus freeing the simulator for continuous trainins. The tutorial can be conducted at the Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-22
26、0B b7 W 9977970 00474L 5 W MIL-HDBK-220B COCKPIT FAMILIARIZATION TRAINER - A trainer incorporating a facsimile of the flight stations of a specific aircraft pilots, other flight officers, flight engineers transitioning to a new type. aircraft and for refresher training for experienced personne.1. us
27、ed to facilitate. the learning of t.tie location of the. various controls, instruments, switcties, and lights in t.he cockpit and to learn repetitive tasks such as checklists, and normal and emergency ope.rating procedures. controls, switches, and instruments are. not activated for response to t.rai
28、ne.e inputs All annunciator lights are operable. from the. instructors panel for demonstration purposes (Navy only). It is primarily for the use of It. will be. The COCKPIT ORIENTATION TRAINER - A trainer use.d exclusive.ly by maintenance pe.rsonne.1 transitioning to a new type. aircraft to provide
29、c.ockpit familiarization and training in both normal and emergency power plant and systems procedures. activation of inst.rwments and system used only in pilot training. The trainer is designed to sele.ctive.ly de.1e.t.e the COCKPIT PROCEDURE TRAINER - A trainer which generally incorporates a replic
30、a of a specific aircraft flight station and air operat.or/insttwctor station. is used by pilots and aircrewmen traiisitioning t.o a new type airc.raft, or undergoing basic txaining , and provides cockpit familiarization and training in powerplant and systems pt1ocedure.s of normal, alte.rnat.e, and
31、emergency types. to respond appropriately to trai1ie.e. c.ont.ro1 inputs. of ali functions is not required. It The appliwble aircraft instrximetits and other indicators are activated Exact dynamic simulation COMBAT SYSTEM TRAINER - Se.e TACTICS TRAINER. COMPOSITE TRAINER - A training device t3esigne
32、.d as a replica of several syst.ems which are. included on a give.n aircraft. or weapon system. surface or hull or both is elini2nate. to petmit viewing of component location and operat.ion. Nozmally, both the instructor and the student have operating capabilities, whe.re.in the instructor niay assi
33、gn tasks or problems and impose malfumtions for students to analyze, identify, corre.ct or otherwise gain knowledge., skill, or proficiency in their tasks. Most of the outer COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (CAI) - The. application of computers to the. delivery of instrwc.tion wherein there. is an ongo
34、ing interchange of stimulus and reaction between computer and student. CAI of te.n indudes an automated measurement /recording function. COWUTER BASED TRAINING (CBT)- A training philosophy w1iic.h encompasses both the Compute.r Assisted 1nst.twction function for delivery of training and the. nianage
35、.ment of student progress, resourc.e.s scheduling, and training delivery e.valuation. of miltiple int.e.rfac.e.d de.vic.es. May be. incorporated into a single device or consist of a system COMPULER GENERATED IHAGERY (CGI) - Visual imagery ge.tierat.ed by a digital proc.essing system from st.0re.d di
36、gital data, which describe.s the visual environment being simulated. 6 P Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-220B 69 W 9999970 0049482 7 = MIL-HDBK-22OB COHPUTER IMAGE GENERATION (CIG) - !Che t.echnology for generating visual ima
37、ges - by digital computat.ion systems. COHPUTER WAGED INSTRUCTION (CHI)- That portion of computer-based training, which collects st.udent progress data, analyzes student progress, provides scheduling of training resources, tracks student administration, and performs evaluation of the training delive
38、ry. management roles required to support. the training management information system based upon user nee.ds. Hay encompass any additional training CUTAWAY - A static or dynamic de.moiist.rative training aid, which is actual item or one of the assemblies or systems, which certain se.ctions removed in
39、 a way that differs from notmal removal in order to reveal intetiial structure. It. may be operable, but not functional. If operable, it is capable of duplicating the act.ion involved, but. unable to produce the work for which the item was designed. If functional, it. is capable. of producing the wo
40、rk for which it was designed. P I CYCLIC DEMONSTRATOR - A training aid that displays move.nient. or change in condition which begins at a point, proceeds through one or more phases, and returns to the original point. cycle in an inte.t?ial combustion e.ngiiie or of a breech block. For example, an ai
41、d whic.h demonstrates the DAILY OPERATIONAL READINESS TEST (DORT) - A test that exercises the various trainer systems and subsystems at a functional level to validate performame prior to use. 0 DORT may also be used as a top-level troubleshooting aid. DATA BASE - A set. of related data, usually orga
42、nized to psimit efficient. retrieval of specified subsets. environment models e.specially for visual and radar landmass simulation. In training simulation of ten used for DEMONSTRATION AID - An aid which supports knowle.dge and skill instruction and appeals to t.lie. senses of sight, touch, hearing
43、or smell. DIGITAL RADAR LANDHASS SIMJLATION - Simulation of radar returns from the. earths surface. using a digitally processed data base. data base source. is the De.fe.nse apping Agency. detail and expanse. of the simulat.ed region will vary with the type of tasks t.o be taught. This t.em is also
44、used to re.fer to the hardware. and software which supports this func-t.ion. DIRECT FIRE TRAINER - A trainer whic.li involves direct. firing (simulated or live) at a target Primary digital data Complexity of the data base. DISPLAY REPEATER - A display which usually duplicates or is slaved to another
45、 display. DYNAMIC DEHONSTRATOR - An aid rvhich demonstrates move.me.nt in time or space., steps of a procedure., or changes in condition. 7 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-Z20B 69 m 7979770 0049483 7 HIL-HDBK-22OB EGRESS TRAI
46、NER - A mockup or subsystem model which may be. less than or equal to real system size. which accurately re.presents escape re1ate.d equipment on a system+ The device may vary in mate.ria1 from the real article, but typically has all of t.he opexatiotial features of the actual equipment in terms of
47、hatches, doors, life. support equipment and special safety equipme.nt. to train e.gress tasks. ELECTRONIC SYSTEM TRAINER - See TACTICS TRAINER. ELECTRONICS WARFARE SIMULATION - The. process of producing sensory cues which simulate/enmlate. c.ircumstances e1icount.ere.d in ele.ctronic warf are enviro
48、nme.nt The. equipment for producing e.1e.ctron.c warf are cue.s whic.h t.ransfers training of electronic couii tetmeasures or e.lec tr onic c.oun te.r -com t.e.ix1e.a sures . EMBEDDED TRAINING -. Training capabi1it.y built into the weapon system hardware. and software such that the weapon syst.em is
49、 used for tact.ic.al ope.ration or for training depending on the. mode se.le.ct.ed. training. Usually associated with organic. EQUIPHENT FACILITY REQUIREMENTS (EFR) PLAN - A plan, prepared by the Training Support Agency (TSA) , which; (a) identifies the training equipmmt, de.vices and aids re.quire.d t.o be instal1e.d at. a Training Activity; (b
