1、1新闻报道类A(2018安徽江淮十校三次联考)“China became the first country to clone a monkey using nonreproductive cells， ” scientists said on Thursday. By December 2017, the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two cloned macaques(猕猴) by nuclear transferring of body cellsany cell in the organism other than reproduc
2、tive cells. This was the similar technology used to create the famous cloned sheep Dolly in 1996.“Tetra, a monkey born in 1999, is the worlds firstever cloned monkey, but it was done using a simpler method called embryo splitting(胚胎分裂), and could not be genetically modified to suit experimental need
3、s， ”said Pu Muming, a leading researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.“Cloning a monkey using body cells has been a worldclass challenge because it is a primate(灵长类) that shares its genetic makeup, therefore all of its complexity, with humans， ”he said.“For drug and other lab tests, scientists
4、 have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes， ” Pu said.“By cloning monkey using body cells, we can reproduce a large number of genetically identical monkeys in a short amount
5、 of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs， ” he added， “This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine.”Sun Qiang, director of the nonhuman primate research facility at the institute, said most of the drug tri
6、als are currently done on lab mice. However, drugs that work on mice might not work or even have severe side effects on humans because the two species are so different.Monkeys and humans are both primates, so they are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as test
7、ing on humans. This achievement will help China lead the world research in an international science project related to the study of primate brains.1Which description of the two cloned macaques is true?AThey were the first monkeys evercloned in the world.2BThey were created using reproductive cells.C
8、They would be fed to suit experimental needs.DThe technology used to create them was similar to that of creating Dolly.2The underlined word in the fourth paragraph is closest to “_” in meaning.Asame Bsimilar Crelevant Dclose3What can be learned from the passage?APu Muming and Sun Qiang were doing mo
9、st work in cloning the two macaques.BGenetic research on monkeys can be seen as effective as that on humans.CMost drug trials have been done on mice because mice share the same genetic makeup and complexity with humans.DScientists can reproduce mass cloned monkeys to cut down experiment costs.4This
10、passage above can be most probably read in _.Aa science magazine Ba guidebookCa science fiction Da brochure答案：【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。报道了中国在生命科学中所取得的突破成功克隆了两只猕猴。1D 解析：细节理解题。本题题干意为：对于两只克隆猕猴的描述哪项是正确的？根据第一段最后一句(这项科学技术和 1996年用于克隆羊多莉的技术类似。)可知答案为 D项。根据第二段第一句(1999 年出生的猴子 Tetra是世界上第一只克隆猴)可排除 A项(它们是世界上最先被克隆出来的猴子)；第
11、一段第一句中“using nonreproductive cells”与 B项中的“using reproductive cells”相悖，故排除 B项；C 项(它们会被喂养以满足实验需要)在文中未提及，故排除。2A 解析：词义猜测题。本题题干意为：第四段中的画线词在意思上与_最接近？第三段提到：为了研发药物和进行其他实验测试，科学家们不得不在世界各地购买猴子，这样不仅成本高，对环境不利，并且由于买来的这些猴子基因不同，还会使得测试结果也不精确。第四段介绍说：通过体细胞克隆猴子可以解决这个问题，即在短期内大规模培养出相同基因的猴子，由此可知 identical的意思是“相同的” ，故答案为 A
12、项。3B 解析：细节理解题。本题题干意为：从文中可以得知什么？根据最后一段第一句“Monkeys and humans are both primates，so they are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans.”(猴子与人都属于灵长类动物，所以他们关系非常密切，对猴子有效的测试应该同样适用于人类。3)可知答案为 B项。4A 解析：文章出处题。本题题干意为：上面这篇文章最可能在_被读到。本文报道的是在克隆方面所取得的科研成果，应该出自科
13、学杂志，故答案为 A项。B(2018高考考前适应性考试)Students at the Florida high school where 17 people were shot dead in February of 2018 are being asked to wear clear backpacks.School officials have written to families of Marjory Stoneman Douglas High pupils outlining the plans as part of new security measures. They say
14、any student without a clear backpack will be given one at no cost. As well as introducing the transparent backpacks for quicker safety checks, there will also be airportstyle metal detectors and school visitors will pass through special gates.“Were going to man every gate at the school during school
15、 hours and for afterschool activities， ” said the superintendent of Broward County Public Schools, Robert W. Runcie.Since the shooting when Nikolas Cruz opened fire killing 17 people, students there have been leading calls for gun reform.Donald Trump has told US politicians he wants tougher laws wit
16、h “really strong background checks”， while hes faced anger from antigun groups for suggesting training school staff to use firearms.In the last few days, safety at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High has been called into question again after several security breaches(违反). Three students were arrested on T
17、uesday, two for carrying knives and one for making threats on Snapchat. Some parents have become so worried that theyve been keeping their children off school.“Weve got to put things into place now， ” Mr. Runcie said.1Which is a new security measure of the school?ATeachers are trained to use firearm
18、s.BGuards are hired to monitor the students.CVisitors are forbidden to enter the school.DStudents are required to wear clear backpacks.2What can we know about the school shooting from the text?4AThe gunman was a school staff member.BOne of the victims was named Nikolas Cruz.CSeventeen people were sh
19、ot dead on campus.DSomeone unknown broke in and opened fire.3Some parents have become worried because _.Athree students were badly hurtBthe school takes few safety measuresCthey received a letter from the teacherDthere are still safety problems at the school4What is the students attitude toward fire
20、arms?AThey call for changes of gun laws.BThey are against the schools stricter rules.CThey defend their right to possess weapons.DThey approve of Donald Trumps suggestion.答案：【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。2018 年 2月美国佛罗里达高中学生被枪杀事件后，学校采取了一些安保措施。但校园安全仍存在问题，这让家长们很担心。1D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Students at the Florida high sc
21、hool where 17 people were shot dead in February of 2018 are being asked to wear clear backpacks.”和第二段中的“introducing the transparent backpacks for quicker safety checks”可知为了避免学生遭遇意外，学校采取的一项新的安全措施就是要求学生背清晰的背包，故选 D项。2C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的定语从句“where 17 people were shot dead in February of 2018”和第四段“Since th
22、e shooting when Nikolas Cruz opened fire killing 17 people, students there have been leading calls for gun reform.”可知 2018年 2月有 17名学生在校园被枪杀，故选 C项。3D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段中的“In the last few days, safety at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High has been called into question again after several security breaches(违反)
23、 Some parents have become so worried that theyve been keeping their children off school.”和“Weve got to put things into place now”可知现在学校安全仍然存在问题，这让家长们很担心。故选 D项。4A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“Since the shooting when Nikolas Cruz opened fire killing 17 people, students there have been leading calls for gun reform.”可知校园发生枪击事件后，学生们一直在呼吁进行枪支改革。故选 A项。5
