1、1Unit 4 Global warming.阅读理解(2018全国)We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these out
2、dated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when
3、 its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3
4、 players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of
5、the house,”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst d
6、evices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution(解决方案)?The teams data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new elec
7、tronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for world processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.【语篇导读】本文是议论文。当我们购买了新的电子设备时,我们仍然使用旧的电子设备。其实,旧电子设备耗费的能源比新设备要多,从而损害我们的环
8、境、浪费我们的金钱。1.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.答案 A2解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“Thats bad news for the environment and our walletsas these outdated devices consume much mor
9、e energy than the newer ones that do the same things.”可知,过时的设备要比新设备消耗更多的能源,因此可推测出新设备对环境有好处。2.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
10、答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt.tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life.”可知,Babbitt 和她的同事做这项研究是为了发现这些设备所消耗的能量,所以选 D项。3.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV. B.The tablet.C.The LCD TV. D.T
11、he desktop computer.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据文章的最后一句“They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%”可知,B 项使用的能量最少。4.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them. B.Take them apart.C
12、.Upgrade them. D.Recycle them.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology.”以及第三段中的“As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones”可知,文章建议人们不要再使用旧的电子设备。.七选五Feeling both positive and negative emotions is a natural part of being human.We
13、 might use the word “negative” to describe difficult emotions,but it doesnt mean those emotions are bad or we shouldnt have them.Still,most people would probably rather feel a positive emotion than a negative one.1. What matters is how our emotions are balancedhow much of each type of emotion,positi
14、ve or negative,we experience.Negative emotions warn us of threats or challenges that we may need to deal with.For example,fear can make us aware of possible danger.2. Angry feelings 3warn us that someone is stepping on our toes,crossing a boundary,or losing our trust.Anger can be a signal that we mi
15、ght need to act on our own behalf. Negative emotions focus our awareness.3. But too many negative emotions can make us feel anxious,exhausted,or stressed out.When negative emotions are out of balance,problems might seem too big to handle. Positive emotions balance out negative ones,and they have oth
16、er powerful benefits,too.Instead of narrowing our focus like negative emotions do,positive emotions affect our brains in ways that increase our awareness,attention,and memory.They help us take in more information and hold several ideas in mind at once.4.When positive emotions open us up to new possi
17、bilities,we are more able to learn and build on our skills.5. A.What helps you feel confident?B.That leads to doing better on tasks and tests.C.Its a signal that we might need to protect ourselves.D.They help us focus on a problem so we can deal with it.E.For example,its likely that youd prefer to f
18、eel happy instead of sad.F.And they then make us understand how different ideas relate to each other.G.Pay attention to these powerful tools and find ways to make time for them.答案与解析【语篇导读】本文是议论文。文章论述了消极情绪和积极情绪的作用。1.E E 项是对上文“Still,most people would probably rather feel a positive emotion than a nega
19、tive one.”的举例说明。2.C 根据上文的“.fear can make us aware of possible danger.”可判断,C 项内容与之相呼应。3.D 结合上下文可知,D 项是对上文“Negative emotions focus our awareness.”的进一步说明。4.F F 项与上文的“.hold several ideas in mind at once.”相呼应。5.B B 项中的 That指代上文的“.learn and build on our skills.”,说明积极情绪的好处。.完形填空(2018浙江)We have all heard ho
20、w time is more valuable than money,but is it 1 to have too much time? I 2 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 3 a team sport.By the time I got home,I only had a few hours to do my homework,and I had to do it 4 . When I got into college,things 5 .I suddenly found myself
21、out of class before noon time.Because of all this 6 time,there was no sense of 7 to do my school 4work immediately.I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a 8 .Once that happened,I just kept 9 my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was 10
22、 really late at night to get my work done. One day I 11 a former classmate of mine who was 12 a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was 13 ,I asked him why he just didnt do his sideline full-time.He said without the job,he would 14 have too much time and would just do what I di
23、d back in 15 .He said that if he 16 the job,he would lose his 17 to work and succeed. So,try 18 your time with other work.This is why there is a 19 that if you want something done,ask a 20 person to do it. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。时间比金钱珍贵,但是我们可能拥有太多的时间吗?作者把高中生活与大学生活做比较,把自己的生活与老同学的生活做比较,最后用一句谚语做总结:要想效率高,就要将事
24、情交给忙人做。1.A.true B.fair C.strange D.possible答案 D解析 我们都知道时间比金钱珍贵的道理,但是我们可能拥有太多的时间吗?根据句意可知,D 项符合语境。true“真正的”;fair“公平的”;strange“奇怪的”;possible“可能的”。2.A.remember B.admit C.understand D.expect答案 A解析 根据下文的时态及语境可知,此处指“我”开始回忆高中生活。remember back 是固定搭配,意为“回想”,符合句意,故选 A项。3.A.watched B.loved C.coached D.played答案 D
25、解析 根据上下文可知,除了学习,“我”还参加团体运动。watch“观看”;love“喜爱”;coach“训练”;play“参加比赛”,故 D项更符合句意。4.A.at last B.right away C.of course D.as usual答案 B解析 根据前面的“only”可知,“我”仅剩下一点时间可以做作业,因此,“我”不得不马上完成。at last“最后”;right away“马上”;of course“当然”;as usual“像往常一样”,故选 B项。5.A.happened B.repeated C.changed D.mattered答案 C解析 根据下文的“sudde
26、nly”可知,当“我”进入了大学,事情发生了改变。happen“发生”;repeat“重复”;change“改变”;matter“要紧”。故选 C项。6.A.extra B.difficult C.valuable D.limited答案 A5解析 根据上文及后文的“waiting until”可知,“我”步入大学后,情况发生了变化,时间比高中增多。extra 意为“额外的”,故选 A项。7.A.duty B.achievement C.urgency D.direction答案 C解析 根据句意可知,因为所有这些额外的时间,导致“我”对学业没有紧迫感。duty“职责”;achievement
27、“成就”;urgency“紧迫”;direction“方向”,故选 C项。8.A.burden B.relief C.risk D.habit答案 D解析 根据后文可知,“我”一直在等待,直到后来变成了一个习惯。burden“负担”;relief“解除”;risk“危险”;habit“习惯”。故选 D项。9.A.pushing B.taking C.setting D.calling答案 A解析 根据下文的“further and further”可知,此处表示“我”越来越懒散,不断地把我的学习推得越来越晚。故选 A项。10.A.hanging out B.staying upC.joggin
28、g round D.showing off答案 B解析 根据句意及下文的“late at night”可知,此处表示“我”熬夜直到完成工作,stay up 是固定短语,意为“熬夜”,故选 B项。hang out“闲逛”;jog round“慢跑”;show off“炫耀”。11.A.met B.helped C.treated D.hired答案 A解析 根据后文可知,“我”与老同学只是相遇,并无其他“帮助”,“款待”或“雇用”之意,故选A项。12.A.raising B.wasting C.demanding D.making答案 D解析 根据后文的“running a sideline(副
29、业)”及“succeed”可知,老同学事业有成,开创了副业,赚了许多钱。make a lot of money 是固定短语,意为“赚了很多钱”,故选 D项。13.A.safe B.important C.boring D.rewarding答案 C解析 根据后文可知,“我”询问老同学为什么不全心全意只做副业,据此可以推断,此处意为“他的工作很枯燥无味”,故选 C项。14.A.luckily B.hardly C.hopefully D.simply答案 D解析 根据句意及后文的“and would just do”可知,如果没有这份工作,他会有太多的时间,只会做“我”在大学里做过的事情。此处的
30、 simply与 just相呼应,故选 D项。15.A.childhood B.college C.town D.business答案 B解析 参见上题解析。616.A.quit B.found C.accepted D.kept答案 A解析 根据句意及后文的“lose”可知,此处意为“假如辞职,他就会失去工作与成功的动力”。quit意为“放弃”,故选 A项。17.A.heart B.chance C.drive D.way答案 C解析 参见上题解析。heart“心脏”;chance“机会”;drive“驱动力”;way“方法”。故选 C项。18.A.saving B.filling up C
31、.giving up D.trading答案 B解析 根据上文可知,此处表示“我”建议大家要让工作占满自己的时间,save“节省”;fill up“填充”;give up“放弃”;trade“交易”。故选 B项。19.A.message B.story C.saying D.fact答案 C解析 根据下文的“if you want something done,ask a 55 person to do it”可知,此处是一句谚语,故选 C项。 20.A.careful B.busy C.reliable D.kind答案 B解析 要想效率高,就要将事情交给忙人做。根据句意及全文内容可知,B 项更符合句意。careful“仔细的”;busy“繁忙的”;reliable“可靠的”;kind“仁慈的”。
