1、自考英语（二）模拟试卷 44 及答案与解析一、阅读判断0 The First Settlement in North AmericaIt is very difficult to say just when colonization (殖民) began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus s journey of discovery in 1492 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish tra
2、ding posts in South America, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, wi
3、th its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island (probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a “legal“ title to North America. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans interest
4、 in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America was nearly a hundred years after Columbuss first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585
5、 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.The first permanent settlement
6、in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves to the company. All
7、 were men and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.1 We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given2 Among the early settlers in South
8、America in the 16th century were Spanish traders.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given3 With John Cabots arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497, the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given4 There were eighteen people on board the Matthew dur
9、ing its voyage to North America in 1497.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given5 The first attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given6 The name Virginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh.（A）True（B） False（C） Not
10、 Given7 The name New England was given to the southern area of North America by the boss of one of the two Virginia companies.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given8 Sir Walter Raleigh is a capitalist.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given9 The first settlers in Virginia were all male.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given10
11、The living conditions of the first settlers were bad.（A）True（B） False（C） Not Given二、阅读选择10 The Language of MusicA painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players hav
12、e great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of a
13、n athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right armtwo entirely different moveme
14、nts.Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuners responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the h
15、ammers that hit the strings have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion (撞击、碰撞) and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to
16、 aim at controlling these sounds with fanatical (狂热的 ) but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any cent
17、ury.11 Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?（A）It is easier to study medicine than music.（B） Painters and composers use totally different methods to reach the public.（C） All musicians must know how to time their own instruments.（D）Musicians must acquire technique and under
18、standing to perform well.12 According to the passage, performers could best meet their obligation to composers by doing which of the following?（A）Taking courses in art appreciation.（B） Knowing how the music was intended to be performed.（C） Studying works written at different periods in history.（D）Re
19、arranging musical scores for their particular instrument.13 Why does the author mention athletes and ballet dancers?（A）To contrast the requirements of each field of study.（B） To discourage music students from continuing their studies.（C） To motivate students to work harder to achieve their goals.（D）
20、To show that music students must develop great physical coordination.14 According to the passage, the advantage that pianists have over other instrumentalists is that they do NOT_.（A）tune their own instruments.（B） practice as often.（C） use their muscles.（D）aim for clarity of sound.15 Whats the passa
21、ge most likely to discuss in detail in the following paragraphs?（A）How to grasp the technique of performing.（B） How to acquire the understanding of music.（C） How to educate first-class performers.（D）How to write successful compositions.三、概括段落大意和补全句子15 Science FictionAmongst the most popular books be
22、ing written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.It is often thought that science fic
23、tion is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories. Science fiction is a genre of fiction wit
24、h imaginative but more or less plausible content such as settings in the future, futuristic science and technology, space travel, parallel universes, aliens, and paranormal abilities. Exploring the consequences of scientific innovations is one purpose of science fiction, making it a “literature of i
25、deas“. Science fiction has been used by authors as a device to discuss philosophical ideas such as identity, desire, morality and social structure.Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells,
26、to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages.Modern science fiction writers don t write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining futu
27、re worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones. Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possible worlds or futures. It is similar to, but differs from fantasy in that, within the cont
28、ext of the story, its imaginary elements are largely possible within scientifically established or scientifically postulated laws of nature (though some elements in a story might still be pure imaginative speculation). The settings for science fiction are often contrary to consensus reality, but mos
29、t science fiction relies on a considerable degree of suspension of disbelief, which is facilitated in the readers mind by potential scientific explanations or solutions to various fictional elements.In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult
30、to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.A. Popularity of Science FictionB. Future De
31、velopmentC. Classics of Science FictionD. Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific AdvancesE. Its Origin/PastF. Themes of Modern Science Fiction16 Paragraph 17 Paragraph 18 Paragraph 19 Paragraph 20 Paragraph 20 A. a recurrent themeB. to keep ahead of scientific advancesC. reading books of science
32、fictionD. political implicationsE. a current themeF. read worldwide21 Some form of ideal society is_22 Books written by J. Verne are_23 People enjoy_.24 Works of modern science fiction have25 Writers find it difficult_.四、填句补文25 ElectionsSurprises often come in boxes, such as birthday presents wrappe
33、d in colorful paper, brown paper packages mailed from a friend. No matter what kind of box it is, people like to open it up and see whats inside. In America, and in many other countries, one special kind of box contains the future. Its called a ballot box. What people put into the box on Election Da
34、y can change the course of history.Elections are the lifeblood of a democracy. The word democracy literally means “the people rule“.【T1】_ In the mid-1700s, England began passing laws that made the American colonies angry. The colonists had to pay more and more taxes and enjoyed less and less freedom
35、.【T2】_ On July 4, 1776, the colonies declared their independence from England. They wanted to establish a democracy where people could have a voice in government.An effective democracy holds regular elections.【T3】_In these elections, all seats in the House of Representatives and one third of the Sen
36、ate seats are up for grabs. In addition, every four years, voters go to the polls to elect the nations president and vice-president. Voters also regularly cast their ballots for state and city government leaders and local school board members. Sometimes they also have to vote on a proposed law.In th
37、e American electoral system, people dont really vote for presidential candidates.【 T4】_ Each state has as many electors as the total number of its representatives in Congress. This equals two senators per state plus the number of its representatives in the House (which is based on the stales populat
38、ion). The candidate who has the most votes in a state wins all of the states electors. To win the presidential election, a candidate must gain at least 270 of the 538 total electoral votes.Over the years, the U. S. has made a number of election reforms. Some early reforms outlawed cheating, giving b
39、ribes and threatening voters.【T5】_In November, Americans will again elect those who will represent them in government. Although some citizens arent even registered to voteand some registered voters dont bother to go to the pollsmost Americans exercise their right to vote. They realize that their fut
40、ure is wrapped up in a special packagethe ballot box. Its a package that must definitely be “handled with care“.A. In 1971, the voting age was lowered to 18.B. They felt the government of England didnt represent their interests,C. Instead, voters cast their ballots for electors“ who support each can
41、didate.D. In America, elections are held every two years for members of Congress.E. They also limited the amount of money candidates could receive from donors and spend on their campaigns.F. That is an important concept in American history.26 【T1】27 【T2】28 【T3】29 【T4】30 【T5】五、填词补文30 What Makes a Soc
42、cer Player Great?Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but there have only been few players who were truly great. How did these【B1】_ get that waywas it through training and practice, or are great players born, not made?First, these players【B2】_ from places that have had famous s
43、tars in the pastplayers that a young boy can look up to and try to imitate. In the history of soccer, only six countries have ever【B3】_ the World Cupthree from South America and three from Western Europe. There has never been a great national teamor a really great playerfrom North America or from As
44、ia. Second, these players have all had years of【B4】_ in the game. Alfredo Di Stefano was the son of a soccer player, as was Pele. Most players begin playing the game at the【B5 】_ of three or four.【B6 】_ , many great players come from the same kind of neighborhooda poor, crowded area where a boy s【B7
45、】_ is not to be a doctor, lawyer, or businessman, but to become rich, famous athlete or entertainer. For example, Liverpool which produced the Beatles (甲壳虫乐队), had one of the best English soccer teams in【B8 】_ years. Pele practiced in the street with a “ball“ made of rags (破布).All great players have
46、 a lot in【B9】_, but that doesn t explain why they are great. Hundreds of boys played in those Brazilian streets, but only one became Pele. The greatest players are born with some【B10】_ quality that sets them apart from all the others.A. dreamB. wonC. practiceD. ageE. cameF. thereforeG. recentH. fina
47、llyI. uniqueJ. playersK. commonL. got31 【B1 】32 【B2 】33 【B3 】34 【B4 】35 【B5 】36 【B6 】37 【B7 】38 【B8 】39 【B9 】40 【B10 】六、完形补文40 Testing: Is it the Only Way to Evaluate Students?About ten percent of【C1】_ (spend) on primary and secondary education in the United States comes from the federal government.
48、 For ten years now, federal law has tied this cost to student【C2】_ (perform). States have been required to show progress through【C3】_ (year) testing.States say testing tells only part of the story about efforts by schools and students to improve. So the Obama administration has eased the limits on s
49、tates in【C4】_ (measure) performance.The western state of Colorado, for example, has a new【C5】_ (assess) method. The idea is to show【C6】_ (academy) growth, not just achievement on tests. It combines test scores, family income levels, school size, the ethnicity of the student and many other factors.Josh Smith is principal of a middle school in a network of public charter schools【C7 】_ (call) West Denver Prep.
