1、浙江专升本（英语）模拟试卷 4 及答案与解析0 Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕)of hair, a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water s
2、how up in peoples hair.“ Youre what you eat and drink, and thats recorded in your hair,“ said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah.While U. S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes
3、slightly as rain clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable, but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes(同位素). The heaviest raid falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exis
4、t throughout the U. S. . By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerlings team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a map of th
5、e regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“Its not good for pinpointing(精确定位),“ Cerling said. “Its
6、good for eliminating many possibilities. “Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard abou
7、t the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“Its sti
8、ll a substantial area,“ Park said “But it narrows it way down for me. “1 What is the scientists new discovery?（A）Ones hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.（B） A persons hair may reveal where they have lived.（C） Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.（D）The chemica
9、l composition of hair varies from person to person.2 What does the author mean by “Youre what you eat and drink“(Line 1, Para. 3)?（A）Food and drink affect ones personality development.（B） Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.（C） Food and drink leave traces in ones body tissues.（D）Food an
10、d drink are indispensable to ones existence.3 What is said about the rainfall in Americas West?（A）There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.（B） The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.（C） Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.（D）It gathers more l
11、ight isotopes as it moves eastward.4 What did Cerlings team produce in their research?（A）A map showing the regional differences of tap water.（B） A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.（C） A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.（D）A chart illustrating the movement of th
12、e rain system.5 What is the practical value of Cerlings research?（A）It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.（B） It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.（C） It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.（D）It helps identify the drinking habits of
13、the person under investigation.5 The greatest contribution to civilization last century may well be the air-conditioning, and amazing is the speed at which this situation came to be in America. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War II. Today most America
14、ns need to take air-conditioning for granted to homes, offices, factories, theatres, shops, studios, schools, hotels, and restaurants.But not everybody is aware that high cost and easy comfort are merely two of the effects of the vast cooling of American. In fact, air conditioning has substantially
15、altered the countrys character and customs.Many of the byproducts are so conspicuous that they are scarcely noticed. To begin with, air-conditioning transformed the face of America by making possible those glassy, boxy, sealed-in skyscrapers. It has been indispensable, no less, to the functioning of
16、 sensitive advanced computers, whose high operating temperatures require that they be constantly cooled. . .It has, at will, forced families into retreating into families with closed doors and shut windows, reducing the interactions of neighborhood life. It is really surprising that the publics ofte
17、n noted withdrawal into self-pursuit and privacy has coincided with the historic spread of air-conditioning. Though science has little studied how habitual air-conditioning affects mind and body, some medical experts suggest that, like other technical avoidance of natural variations in climate, air-
18、conditioning may damage the human capacity to adapt to stress. If so, air-conditioning is only like many other greatly useful technical developments that liberate man from nature by increasing his productivity and power in some waywhile indirectly weakening him in others.6 According to this passage,
19、 which of the following constitutes the unique character of U. S. ?（A）Its excessive use of air-conditioning.（B） Its advanced computerized civilization（C） Its publics retreating into self - pursuit.（D）Its greatest contribution to human civilization.7 According to the passage, the chief consequence br
20、ought about by the wide application of air-conditioning is_.（A）the loss of human capacity to adapt to changes in climate（B） the reduction of social communications of neighborhood life（C） the active life style of all its users（D）the decreased human production and power8 The tone of this passage revea
21、ls that air-conditioning_.（A）has little effect on its users（B） has more effect on body than on mind（C） brings more benefits than damage to its users（D）does harm as well as good to its users9 Who benefits the least from air-conditioning according to the author?（A）Medical experts.（B） Manufacturers.（C）
22、 Factory laborers.（D）Consumers.10 What is the authors overall attitude towards air-conditioning?（A）Neutral（B） Objective（C） Critical（D）Compromising10 It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little t
23、raffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia(学术界)outweigh any financial considerations.Helen
24、Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few
25、 prospects of a commercial return, and Lees is one of them.The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working
26、for a pharmaceutical(制药的)company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of expe
27、rience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition(转换 )to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed
28、to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “ Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving unive
29、rsity who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project. “ 11 By “a one-way street“(Line 1, Para. 1), the author means_.（A）university researchers know little about the commerc
30、ial world（B） there is little exchange between industry and academia（C） few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university（D）few university professors are willing to do industrial research12 The word “deterrent“(Iine3, Para. 1)most probably refers to something that_.（A）keeps someone from ta
31、king action（B） helps to move the traffic（C） attracts peoples attention（D）brings someone a financial burden13 What was Helen Lees major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?（A）Flexible work hours.（B） Her research interests.（C） Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.（
32、D）Prospects of academic accomplishments.14 Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to_.（A）do financially more rewarding work（B） raise his status in the academic world（C） enrich his experience in medical research（D）exploit better intellectual opportunities15 What contribution ca
33、n industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?（A）Increase its graduates competitiveness in the job market.（B） Develop its students potential in research.（C） Help it to obtain financial support from industry.（D）Gear its research towards practical applications.15 Auctions are pu
34、blic sales of goods, made by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction room to make offers or bids, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “ knocking
35、 down the goods“ , for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auction, meaning “increase“. The Ro
36、mans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war, these sales were called “sub hash“ , meaning “under the spear“ , a spear is stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth century, goods were often sold by the candle: a short candle was lit by the auctionee
37、r, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.Practically all goods whose qualities varied are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruits, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare
38、 books, old china and similar works of art. The auction rooms at Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertiseme
39、nt cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot“ , is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order. He may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and the
40、n produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.16 A “bidder“(Line 3 , Para. 1)is a person_.（A）w
41、ho sells something（B） who buys something（C） who offers a price（D）who borrow something17 Auctioned goods are sold_price offered.（A）for the highest（B） for the fixed（C） for the lowest（D）for the unexpected18 The end of the bidding is called “knocking down“ because_.（A）the auctioneer knocks the buyer dow
42、n（B） the auctioneer knocks the rostrum down（C） the goods are knocked down onto the table（D）the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammer19 The “candle“ used(Line 5, Para. 2)is_.（A）because it took place at the night（B） a signal for the crowd to gather（C） to give light to the auctioneer（D）to limit the
43、time when offers could be made 20 An auction catalogue gives prospective buyers_.（A）the current market values of the goods（B） details of the goods to be sold（C） the order in which goods must be sold（D）free admission to the auction sale20 What personal qualities are desirable, in a teacher? I think t
44、he following would be generally accepted.First, the teachers personality should be lively and attractive. This does not rule out people who are plain-looking or even ugly, because many such people have great personal charm. But it does rule out such types as the over-excitable, sad, cold, and frustr
45、ated.Secondly, it is not merely desirable, but essential for a teacher to have a genuine capacity for sympathy, a capacity to understand the minds and feelings of other people, especially, since most teachers are school teachers, the minds and feelings of children. Closely related with this is the c
46、apacity to be tolerantnot, indeed, of what is wrong, but of the weaknesses and immaturity of human nature which induce people, and again especially children, to make mistakes.Thirdly, I hold it essential for a teacher to be both intellectually and morally honest. This means that he will be aware of
47、his intellectual strengths and limitations, and will have thought about and decided upon the moral principles by which his life shall be guided.Fourthly, there is no contradiction in my going on to say that a teacher should be a bit of an actor. That is part of the technique of teaching, which deman
48、ds that every now and then a teacher should be able to put on an act to enliven(使生动)a lesson, correct a fault, or award praise. Children, especially young children, live in a world that is rather larger than life.Fifthly, teacher must be capable of infinite patience. This, I may say, is largely a ma
49、tter of self-discipline and self-training, for none of us born like that.Finally, I think a teacher should have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. Teaching is a job which pne will never perfect; there is always something more to learn about it. There are three principal objects of study: the subjects which the teacher is teaching; the methods by which the subjects can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching; andby far the most importantthe children, yo
