1、大学英语四级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 193（无答案）一、Part I Writing1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours wants to buy a book, which book would you like to reco
2、mmend to him/her and why?Section A（A）They are rare species.（B） They protect the environment.（C） They pollinate crops and wild plants.（D）They protect crops and wild plants.（A）Chemicals should be used as many as possible.（B） Chemicals should be used only if necessary.（C） Chemicals should be used as fe
3、w as possible.（D）Chemicals should be used once a month.（A）An invention made by architects and engineers.（B） A new device gathering information about buildings.（C） An introduction of a three-dimensional model.（D）A new way of measuring the height of a building.（A）The accurate shape of all rooms in the
4、 building.（B） The size and position of heating and cooling equipment.（C） The size and position of windows and doors.（D）The placement of electrical outlets.（A）Permanent loss of eyesight of pilots.（B） Loss of consciousness of passengers.（C） Tragic results of air accidents.（D）Blackouts of jet fighter p
5、ilots.（A）When the airplane slows down very quickly.（B） When the airplane is making a sharp turn.（C） When the pilot has a heart disease.（D）When the pilot loses consciousness.（A）It is required by the laws and the government.（B） The air pressure is rather low above the Earths surface.（C） The passengers
6、 will lose consciousness in the planes.（D）Lack of oxygen can affect anyone at extreme heights.Section B（A）He worked in a painting store.（B） He worked in a printing factory.（C） He worked in a gas station.（D）He worked in a bookstore.（A）To print the TV guides.（B） To edit the TV guides.（C） To sell the T
7、V guides.（D）To prepare the TV guides for distribution.（A）High pay and short work hours.（B） Friendly environment and teamwork spirit.（C） Relaxed atmosphere and valuable experience.（D）Good friends he made in the factory.（A）Delightful.（B） Meaningless.（C） Terrible.（D）Cruel.（A）At her parents home.（B） At
8、her own home.（C） In a hotel.（D）In a restaurant.（A）Traditional dishes including mashed potatoes and so on.（B） Chinese food such as potatoes and pumpkin.（C） Turkey with mashed potatoes.（D）Pumpkin pie only.（A）Go boating.（B） Go bowling.（C） Play cards.（D）Watch TV programs.（A）She thinks it is a bad thing
9、to have leftovers.（B） She never eats leftovers.（C） She likes it because she doesnt have to cook for several meals.（D）She doesnt care about leftovers.Section C（A）They cant lose weight.（B） They can lose weight by cutting calories or exercising.（C） They really cant keep the weight off.（D）They can lose
10、weight just by dieting.（A）Senior people are less likely to gain weight.（B） Senior people are more likely to gain weight.（C） Once people get fat, they will suffer various problems.（D）Once people get fat, they gain weight steadily.（A）It may have a negative influence on losing weight.（B） It plays a ver
11、y significant role in losing weight.（C） It is meaningless in losing weight.（D）It has a positive impact on losing weight.（A）Reasons for the drop in office gossip.（B） The significance of office gossip.（C） The relationship between office gossip and economy.（D）Some tips to improve the worker productivit
12、y.（A）A downturn in the economy.（B） A stressful work environment.（C） An upturn in the economy.（D）An increase in the worker productivity.（A）It is beneficial to the worker productivity.（B） It hurts the worker productivity.（C） It is an efficient way for workers to relax.（D）It is a direct way for the bos
13、s to know his workers.（A）Several explorers.（B） Representatives of Congress.（C） President Grant.（D）A group of animal lovers.（A）It was the first national park.（B） It was the first region explored by pioneers.（C） It is not accessible to everyone.（D）It is not managed by the National Park Service.（A）A vi
14、sitor to the park.（B） A presidential campaign worker.（C） A park service employee.（D）A tour guide from a travel agency.（A）To build fires.（B） To conduct scientific studies.（C） To train other staff members.（D）To help visitors with any difficulty.Section A26 Large companies need a way to reach the savin
15、gs of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller【C1】_ , faces practically every company trying to develop new products. There can be little prospect of raising the sum needed from friends, and while banks may agree to provide short-term loan, they are generally unwilling to provide money on
16、 a【C2】_ basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to take a share in the business in【C3】_ for a share in future profits. They do this by【C4】_ stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can even put into circulation the【C5】_ sav
17、ings of individuals and institutions abroad.When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he 【C6】_placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to others.Many of the services needed both by industry and by us are provided by the government or by
18、【C7 】_authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity etc. , this country could not【C8】_ . All these require【C9】_ spending on new equipment if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The government and nationalized industries therefore need to borro
19、w money to【C10 】_ major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange.In brief, the Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which the savings can reach those who need financial help.A)continuous I)overseasB)exchange J)permanentC)finance K)precautionD)function L)recallingE)hi
20、ghly M)responsibleF)issuing N)scaleG)local O)securities H)originally27 【C1 】28 【C2 】29 【C3 】30 【C4 】31 【C5 】32 【C6 】33 【C7 】34 【C8 】35 【C9 】36 【C10 】Section B36 Which Low Carbon Technology Is Now a Reality? A)With fossil fuels expected to supply over 70% of the worlds energy needs by 2040, we face s
21、ome urgent questions: where should efforts be focused in reducing greenhouse gas emissions? Which technologies hold the most promise? There are a range of low-carbon solutions and given the challenge, we will need them all. We hear a lot about the advances being made by refreshable sources of energy
22、 such as solar, wind and hydro-electricity and these are certainly valuable technologies in combating climate change. But how can we really make a major impact in reducing carbon emissions from large power plants and industrial facilities? Enter carbon capture and storageor CCSa technology that capt
23、ures CO2 from fossil fuel production and permanently stores it underground. B)The aim is to prevent the release of large quantities of CO2 into the atmosphere(from fossil fuel use in power generation and other industries). It is a potential means of relieving the contribution of fossil fuel emission
24、s to global warming and ocean acidification(酸化). Although CO2 has been injected into geological formations for several decades for various purposes, including enhanced oil recovery, the long term storage of CO2 is a relatively new concept. The first commercial example was Weyburn in 2000. CCS can al
25、so be used to describe the scrubbing(涤气)of CO2 from environmental air as a climate engineering technique. C)In November 2014 the Global CCS Institute released its flagship(核心的)publicationthe annual Global Status of CCS report. This comprehensive annual update is the prominent source of information o
26、n the development of CCS around the world. A lot of work went into updating information in the report, in cooperation with the CCS industry, as there had been quite significant changes to the CCS landscape in the preceding 12 months. This included the launch of a large-scale CCS project in the power
27、 sector and the beginning of construction of the worlds first large-scale CCS project in the iron and steel sector. D)Large-scale CCS is now a reality in the power sector with the October 2014 launch of the Boundary Dam Integrated Carbon Capture and Storage Demonstration Project in Saskatchewan, Can
28、ada. Boundary Dam is the first commercial CCS plant in the power sector, removing 90 per cent of the CO2 produced by electricity generation from lignite(褐煤 )coal at Production Unit No. 3 of the SaskPower facility. The captured CO2 is primarily used for enhanced oil recovery(EOR)at the nearby Weyburn
29、 oil field, although amounts are also to be stored in deep geological formations at the Aquistore site. The success of the Boundary Dam project and the progression of additional projects through planning and construction, indicates that CCS technologies for application in the power sector are “marke
30、t ready“. E)The next 18 - 24 months will see CCS be applied across a range of industries and storage types. A further two large-scale CCS power projects are in construction in the USthe Kemper County Energy Facility in Mississippi and the Petra Nova Carbon Capture Project in Texas. Both projects are
31、 expected to be operational in 2016. Also in the US, the Illinois Industrial CCS project planned for launch later this year will capture CO2 from the Archer Daniels Midland corn-to-ethanol(乙醇)plant in Decatur, Illinois for storage in an onshore deep saline formation. The Abu Dhabi CCS project in the
32、 United Arab Emirates is under construction and from 2016 will provide the worlds first large-scale demonstration of CO2 capture from iron and steel production. F)In addition to the 22 large-scale CCS projects currently in operation or construction around the world, 14 projects are in advanced stage
33、s of planning, many of which are likely to be in a position to make a final investment decision over the coming year. Together this group of projects covers a range of applications for CCS and could extend to around ten in the number of large-scale CCS projects operating in the power sector by the e
34、nd of the decade. Their progression to operation would add experience in the dedicated geological storage of CO2 and see operational large-scale CCS activity extend to China for the first time. G)2014 saw commercial application in the power sector become a reality and we can look forward to a furthe
35、r expansion across a diverse range of industries in the coming years. The Global CCS Institute continues to cover developments in CCS with up-to-date information, expert insights, workshops, media releases and online seminars. We struggle to make CCS industry information easily accessible and encour
36、age you to engage with us via our website and regular publications. H)For detailed information on large-scale CCS projects please visit our online Projects page, which you can browse or search for projects based on stage, region, industry or capture, transport and storage type. For the first time th
37、e Institutes website contains project descriptions for around 40 lesser scale “remarkable“ CCS projects, of which four Japanese “remarkable“ CCS projects were the key focus of a chapter in the Global Status of CCS report. For ongoing expert information visit our Insights page, which is regularly upd
38、ated with articles from experts in carbon capture and storage, public engagement, legal issues and policy developments. I)To join in the discussion you can attend meetings and workshops around the world, and participate in online seminars where you will have the opportunity to listen to and ask ques
39、tions of a range of experts. Visit our Events page to see upcoming meetings, conferences, workshops and seminars. Finally, for a range of up-to-date news and more detailed information, visit our news and publications sections. We look forward to covering this exciting period in the development of CC
40、S and providing you with the latest information and important issues for the sector.37 Carbon dioxide has been stored in geological formations for different purposes: however, its long term storage is comparatively new.38 A final investment decision on many projects in the planning stages is likely
41、to be made within the next year.39 The case of Boundary Dam project and a series of advancements show that CCS technologies are prepared for its application in the power sector.40 More than 70% of the energy demand all over the world is expected to be supplied by fossil fuels by 2040.41 Information
42、about CCS development all over the world can be obtained from the annual Global Status of CCS report.42 The purpose of CCS technology is to avoid releasing a large amount of CO2 into the atmosphere.43 The commercial use of CCS in the power sector was realized in 2014.44 The online Projects page and
43、Insights page of Global CCS Institute will provide detailed information on large CCS projects and expert information.45 It will take a year-and-a-half to two years for us to see CCS be widely used in various industries and storage types.46 Renewable energy technologies have made great progress, whic
44、h will help to fight against climate change.Section C46 When English as a foreign language is taught to children at the primary and early secondary levels of education, it is generally taught with a general educational aim in mindthat is, it is regarded as a “good thing“ for them to learn a foreign
45、language as a part of a broad education. There is usually, however, no immediate and specific requirement for such children to make use of the language in any communicative situation. The purpose of learning the language is essentially a “deferred“ purpose, deferred till the tertiary(第三的)level of ed
46、ucation, normally at university, where, it is agreed, a knowledge of English would be helpful in their academic studies. Immediate aims of learning English are defined by the requirements of examinations. Inevitably what is taught to primary and secondary level children is not a communicative knowle
47、dge of English language use, but a knowledge of how the rules of English operate.The language system is taught by means of systematic audio-lingual drill and exercise techniques based on habit formation theory of learning and structural description of English. This may be an effective manner of teac
48、hing English usage, but it is less certain that an understanding of how these rules are related to language in use for communicative purposes is an automatic result of this instruction.What the thousands of children succeed in learning in this way is what is necessary in order to pass examinations.
49、Whether such examinations accurately reflect the uses to which English will be put at the tertiary level is another matter altogether. Adults, on the other hand, unless they are learning a foreign language for “pleasure“ at evening institutes, as a “cultural“ and social experience, are generally highly conscious of the use to which they intend to put it. That use is frequently associated with an academic or professional requirement: without a knowledge of the foreign language, their development in their chosen sphere of work
