1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 16 及答案与解析英译汉1 AIDS Hitting African Farm Sector HardOnce a largely urban problem, AIDS has moved to rural areas in developing countries, devastating thousands of farming communities and leaving impoverished survivors scarcely able to feed themselves. The disease is no longer a health
2、 problem alone, but is having a measurable impact on food production, household food security and rural people s ability to make a living.The latest statistical evidence on sub-Saharan Africathe worsthit regionconfirms the scale of the epidemic s impact on the countryside.It is estimated that over h
3、alf of the 28 million people living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa live in rural areas. In order to estimate such figures, epidemiologists start with data taken from tests done on blood samples from pregnant women attending prenatal clinics. They then extrapolate the figures to estimate infecti
4、on rates in larger areas. Recent findings point to two of the hardest-hit countries Zimbabwe and Swaziland.“This is a real wake-up call for governments,“ says an expert on AIDS “Policy-makers are guided by evidence. Solid evidence is now coming in and will make governments understand how rural areas
5、 are actually more vulnerable to AIDS than urban areas.Recent reports from other African countries show a similar pattern of rampant rural infection.Poverty underlies the suffering and devastation behind these figures. The HIV/AIDS epidemic cannot be addressed without doing something about rural liv
6、elihoods: how people make their living, how they get enough food, what strategies they follow in order to survive.2 The Shape of Things to ComeWhen the world was a simpler place, the rich were fat, the poor were thin, and right-thinking people worried about how to feed the hungry. Now, in much of th
7、e world, the rich are thin, the poor are fat, and right-thinking people are worrying about obesity.Evolution is mostly to blame. It has designed mankind to cope with deprivation, not plenty. People are perfectly tuned to store energy in good years to see them through lean ones. But when bad times ne
8、ver come, they are stuck with that energy stored around their expanding bellies.Thanks to rising agricultural productivity, lean years are rarer all over the globe. Modern-day Malthusians, who used to draw graphs proving that the world was shortly going to run out of food, have gone rather quiet lat
9、ely. According to the UN, the number of people short of food fell from 920m in 1980 to 799m 20 years later, even though the world s population increased by 1. 6 billion over the period. This is mostly a cause for celebration. Mankind has won what was, for most of his time on this planet, his biggest
10、 battle: to ensure that he and his offspring had had enough to eat. But every silver lining has a cloud, and the consequence of prosperity is a new plague that brings with it a host of interesting policy dilemmas.As a scourge of the modern world, obesity has an image problem. It is easier to associa
11、te with Father Christmas than with the four horses of the apocalypse. But it has a good claim to lumber along beside them, for it is the world s biggest public-health issue todaythe main cause of heart disease and diabetes. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an “epidemic“ in 2000, r
12、eports on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.3 A Nation of HypochondriacsThe main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in the U. S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don t know how to think abo
13、ut health and illness. Our reactions are formed on the terror level. We fear the worst, expect the worst and invite the worst. The result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self-medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual , everyday symptoms and tho
14、se that require professional attention.Somewhere in our early education we become addicted to the notion that pain means sickness. We fail to learn that pain is the body s way of informing the mind that we are doing something wrong, not necessarily that something is wrong. We don t understand that p
15、ain may be telling us that we are eating too much or the wrong things; or that we are smoking too much or drinking too much; or that there is too much emotional congestion in our lives; or that we are being worn down by having to cope daily with overcrowded streets and highways, the pounding noise o
16、f garbage grinders , or the cosmic distance between the entrance to the airport and the departure gate. We get the message of pain all wrong. Instead of addressing ourselves to the cause, we become pushovers for pills, driving the pain underground and inviting it to return with increased authority.4
17、 The workmanship of the Supernote was extraordinary. It had sequential serial numbers, and the printing plates continued to be refined. A Secret Service agent identified Kelly s two samples as Supernotes by three minuscule imperfections. Even when the flaws were pointed out, Kelly says, “ I frankly
18、couldn t see the damn imperfections. “Most alarming of all, the Supernote was so well engineered that it could fool currency scanners at the nation s twelve Federal Reserve banks. The black ink on the front of American currency contains ferrous oxide, which is magnetic, and the Fed s scanners read t
19、he magnetic field down the center line of the portrait with such precision that a thousand genuine hundred-dollar bills are rejected for every one that is later found to be counterfeit. Yet, Kelly recalls, “ Secret Service told me the bills went through those machines“.The Supernote, Kelly learned,
20、had been circulating in Europe, the Far East, the Middle East, and the former Soviet Union, but only limited supply had reached the United States. This was not reassuring. Of the almost three hundred and ninety billion dollars in American paper money now in existence, some two-thirds, or more than t
21、wo hundred and fifty billion, is in foreign hands. The worldwide popularity of the dollar is a tremendous boon to the United States. The Federal Reserve is fond of pointing out, every bill in circulation is in effect an interest-free loan; an equivalent amount in government securities would cost the
22、 United States more than twenty-five billion dollars in annual interest payments. The beauty of bills stuffed in a mattress in Kazakhstan, for instance, is the good chance that the notes will never be called in. The Supernote was by no means the first foreign-made or foreign-distributed counterfeit
23、of American currency, but because of its frightening and unprecedented quality it seemed singularly poised to damage world confidence in the dollar.5 Elysee PalaceThe Elysee Palace in France enjoys equal popularity in the world with the Buckingham Palace in the United Kingdom, the Kremlin in Russia
24、as well as the White House in the U. S. A. It is the residence of the president of the French Republic and the symbol of the supreme authority in France.The Elysee Palace, with an area of 11,000 square meters, is at the eastern end of the Champs Elysee in the bustling city of Paris proper and backed
25、 by a large and tranquil garden of more than twenty thousand square meters. Its main building, quite handsome and graceful, is a 2-story classical stone architecture of European style, flanked by two side buildings facing each other and with an extensive rectangular courtyard in the middle. There ar
26、e altogether 369 halls and rooms of different size.The Elysee Palace, built in 1718, has a long history of closing to 300 years to date. This house was at first a private residence of a count named d Evreau, hence it was called Hotel d Ev-reau. It had later gone through many vicissitudes and its own
27、ers had been changed for many times, but all the dwellers in it were distinguished personages and high officials. The house was renamed Bonaparte Mansion when it was owned by Louis XV and Louis XVI successively when they acted as emperors. Napoleon I signed his act of abdication here when he had suf
28、fered crushing defeat in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Napoleon III moved in the Mansion in 1848 when he was elected president, and the house became a Royal Palace when he proclaimed himself as emperor. The Third French Republic issued a decree in 1873, designating officially the Elysee Palace as
29、the residence of president of the French Republic. Over the hundred odd years since then, almost all the presidents of the French Republic worked and lived there. Starting from 1989, the Elysee Palace is open to the public every year in September on the French Castles Day.英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 16 答案与解析英译
30、汉1 【正确答案】 艾滋病重创非洲农业以前，艾滋病主要是一个存在于城市的问题，而现在艾滋病已经转向发展中国家的农村地区，摧毁了数以千计的农村社区，使穷困的幸存者们无以为生。这一疾病已不再是单纯的健康问题，而正在对食品生产、家用食品安全和农村人口谋生能力造成明显的冲击。撒哈拉以南非洲地区受艾滋病打击最重；最新的统计数字已证实这一流行病对其农村地区造成了严重的影响。据估计，撒哈拉以南非洲地区的 2800 万艾滋病人或艾滋病病毒携带者中，有一半以上生活在农村地区。为了对这一数字进行评估，流行病学家们首先从参加产前咨询的孕妇身上抽取血样进行化验，取得数据，然后推测出数字，对更广大地区的传染率进行估计。
31、最近的研究结果表明，受传染最严重的两个国家是津巴布韦和斯威士兰。“这对各国政府来说是个真正的警钟，” 一位艾滋病专家说。 “决策者们是跟着证据走的，现在已经有确凿的证据使各国政府明白，农村地区的确比城市更客易受到艾滋病的侵袭。”最近来自其他非洲国家的报告也表明农村地区艾滋病传染十分猖獗。在这些数字背后，贫穷是人们遭受病痛折磨和打击的原因。农村人口如何谋生，如何获得足够的粮食，采取什么样的办法维持生存这些生计问题不解决，艾滋病的肆虐是得不到解决的。【知识模块】 英译汉2 【正确答案】 未来的身段世界原本没有这么复杂。那时，富人胖，穷人瘦，头脑正常的人在发愁：怎样才能让挨饿的人吃上饭。而现在，在这
32、个世界上的很多地方，富人瘦，穷人胖。头脑正常的人在为肥胖发愁。这罪魁祸首就是进化。进化已将人类设定好了，它使人能对付匮乏，却不会应对富足。经过进化的完美调教，人们可以在丰年储存能量，靠它捱过荒年。但是如果坏年景总也不来，他们不断增长的肚皮上囤积的能量，就甩不掉了。由于农业生产力不断提高，荒年在世界各地都更为罕见。当代的马尔萨斯论者曾画出各种图表，证明全世界的粮食马上就会吃完，而他们最近却不怎么吱声了。根据联合国的数据，粮食短缺的人口从 1980 年的 92 亿下降到了 20 年后的 799亿，尽管世界人口同期增长了 16 亿。这总该是件可喜可贺的事情。人类打了个大胜仗，他们在这个星球上的绝大部
33、分时间里，都在为赢得这场最大的战役而奋斗，那就是保证他们自己和子孙后代都能吃得饱。但是，凡是好事，都有可能向坏的方面转化，现在富足带来了一种新的烦恼，搞得人们在一大堆问题的决策上进退两难，这种近况令人关注。肥胖这个当今世界的灾难，首先带来的是一个形象问题。它更容易让人联想到圣诞老人，而不是圣经? 启示录 中(给人类带来战争、饥荒、瘟疫和死亡的 )那四匹马。但肥胖完全有理由和这四匹马并驾齐驱，因为它是当今世界公众健康最大的问题，是引起心脏病和糖尿病的主要原因。自从世界卫生组织 2000 年把肥胖列为“流行病”，对其可怕后果的报道一时间连篇累牍，铺天盖地。【知识模块】 英译汉3 【正确答案】 一个
34、疑病症患者的国度在一所医学院校任教十二年来，我获得的主要印象是：当今美国的头号健康问题，甚至比艾滋病或癌症都更为严重的问题，就是美国人不知道如何去认识健康与疾病。我们的反应是惊恐万状，不知所措。我们怕最坏的事，担心最坏的事会发生，而恰恰就招来了最坏的事。结果，我们变成了一个虚弱的自疑有病的国度，一个分不清哪些是日常偶发症状，哪些是需要医生医治的症状，而自己擅自用药的社会。在我们早期教育的某个阶段，我们变得对疼痛即疾病这一概念深信不疑。我们不知道，人体只是用疼痛这种方式通知大脑，我们的行为出了差错，而并非一定是健康有问题。我们不明白，疼痛可能是在告诫我们，或吃得太饱，或吃得不当，或吸烟太多，或饮
35、酒过度，或生活中感情煎熬太苦，或因每天都得面对拥挤的大街和公路、忍受垃圾粉碎机的撞击声和奔波于从机场人口到登机门之间的长距离而被搞得过分疲劳。我们把疼痛传达的信息全搞错了。我们不去探查缘由，却大服其药，把疼痛压下去，从而招致它以更大的威力再次发作。【知识模块】 英译汉4 【正确答案】 超级假币的制造工艺精致无比。有一条连续的序列编号，制版工艺也在不断地改进。一位特工确认凯利的两张假币样品是超级假币，但同时也指出其中有三处微小的瑕疵。即使指出了这些瑕疵，凯利说：“坦率地讲，我实在是看不出这些毛病。”最令人担忧的是，超级假币伪造得如此逼真，它可以骗过全国所有 12 家联邦储备银行的验钞机。美国货币
36、正面的黑色油墨中含有氧化亚铁，有磁性，联邦验钞机可以读出画像中线以下的磁场，精确度极高。如果混有假币，检测出一张假币，同时将有 1000 张真币也会被检测为不合格。但是，凯利回忆道，“特工告诉我，这两张假币竟得以蒙混过关。”凯利了解到，超级假币曾在欧洲、远东、中东以及前苏联流行，但是只有很少一部分流进了美国。然而情况并不乐观。如今流通中的 3，900 亿美元纸币当中，大约有三分之二即 2，500 亿美元在外国人手中。美元全球吃香，对美国是件天大的好事。正如美国联邦储备局乐于指出的那样，每一张流通中的美国纸币就是一份免息的贷款：发行相同数量的政府债券美国政府每年要支付 250 亿美元利息。哈萨克
37、斯坦人在床垫下藏着的美元，它的可贵之处在于这些美元永远不会进入流通领域。超级美元并不是外国人第一次制造发行的美元假币，然而由于超级假币足以乱真的质量令人生畏，世界人民对美元的信任看来会因此而造成很大的损害。【知识模块】 英译汉5 【正确答案】 法国的爱丽舍宫法国的爱丽舍宫与美国白宫、英国白金汉宫以及俄罗斯的克里姆林宫一样闻名于世。它是法兰西共和国的总统府，也是法国最高权力的象征。爱丽舍宫位于巴黎香榭丽舍大街的东端，占地 11 万平方米，地处喧闹的市中心，背倚一个 2 万多平方米的恬静大花园。主楼是一座两层高的欧洲古典式石建筑，典雅庄重，两翼各有一座两层高的石建筑，相峙而立，中间是一个宽敞的矩形
38、庭院。宫内共有 369 间大小不等的厅室。爱丽舍宫兴建于 1718 年，迄今已有近 300 年的悠久历史。起先这里是一位名叫戴弗罗伯爵的私人住宅，所以当时称为戴弗罗公馆。后来历经沧桑，几易其主，但长期都为达官贵人享用。路易十五和路易十六当朝时都先后人住过，并将其改名为波旁大厦。1815 年拿破仑一世在滑铁卢战役中一败涂地，曾在此签字退位。拿破仑三世于 1848 年当选总统后也曾迁居于此，他一称帝此处即成为皇家宫殿。法兰西第三共和国于 1873 年颁布法令，正式指定爱丽舍宫为法国总统府。此后的百余年里，历届法兰西共和国的总统几乎都在此工作和生活过。自 1989 年起，每逢 9月份法国古堡节这一天，爱丽舍宫都向公众开放。【知识模块】 英译汉
