1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 50 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 A There is nothing more disappointing than arriving at an airport overseas to discover that your baggage has been left behind. At best you will have to p
2、ut up with wearing the clothes you stand up in for hours or days, until the airline reunites you with your luggage. At worst, you may be in a different climate zone, thousand of miles from home and forced to wear wholly unsuitable clothes.B Even efficient transfer airports, such as Amsterdam, Copenh
3、agen, Singapore and Zurich have their bad days. The risk of baggage being lost when changing planes is higher than average at certain airports. Even the United States has problems Miarni airport is well known for luggage going missing when transatlantic passengers make immediate connections for dest
4、inations in Latin America.C In normal circumstances the system works well. But extra security checks at airports and problems with air traffic combine to cause delayed flights. All this can cause the baggage system to fail. Then there is the possibility of human error, or an accident in which the de
5、stination label is torn off.D The system works like this. Airlines insist on exaggerated checkin times (which require passengers to report to the airport as given time before departure) designed to allow sufficient time for baggage to pass through the airport and be loaded on to the plane. Minimum c
6、onnecting times (MCTs) are the shortest time it takes to transfer between two flights. These, too, are exaggerated to allow for baggage transfers.E Although airlines rarely reveal how many cases they lose, it is a fact of life that sooner or later regular travelers will be parted from their luggage.
7、 Even the best airlines slip up from time to time, and it is impossible for any carrier to guarantee that a passengers checked luggage will go on the same flight, particularly when a journey calls for one or more changes of aircraft.F These problems can become severe at large transfer airports, know
8、n as “hubs“, because of the large number of bags that are processed. Last year, for example, Londons Heathrow airport handled more than 41 million passengers, of whom nine million were changing planes. British Airways alone handled two million transfer passengers at Heathrow, with most making the on
9、e-mile transfer between Terminal 1 (for Domestic and European flights) and Terminal 4 (for long-distance flights).G You should choose direct flights whenever possible and check in well before the official time. If a change of plane is unavoidable, or makes your flight less expensive, then try to fly
10、 the same airline throughout. Try to allow more connecting time by taking an earlier flight to the transfer airport, and make sure you label your luggage inside and out with your home and holiday addresses. Dont forget to include the flight numbers. If, after all this, your luggage still goes missin
11、g, you must contact the appropriate airline official in the baggage hall and complete a property irregularity report (PIR). This must be done before leaving the airport.Order:5 A Perpetual Motion Machine is a fascinating and long-discussed topic that moves well beyond the scope of physics. In short,
12、 A perpetual motion machine can be likened to a magic cow that continues to live and breathe and yet needs no sustenance. A perpetual motion engine installed in a car would continue to run indefinitely but would need neither gas tank nor petrol. Of course, as a perpetual motion machine is in violati
13、on of natural laws, it will likely never move out of the realm of imagination and into reality. When the phrase “perpetual motion machine“ is entered into Googles search engine, 34, 400 items are returned. Of these 34, 400 items, the forty-first to the forty-fifth hold reasonable interest and will b
14、e further discussed herein.41. Myths and legendsLong before the advent of the steam engine, human beings have ruminated on the possibility of a perpetual motion machine. Throughout history, many have attempted to invent such a device, though none have thus far been successful.42. Fame and glorySome
15、people hold that any inventor attempting to create a perpetual motion machine must only be in it for credit and accolades, wishing to be the first in his field to discover the much-coveted secret.43. Wealth and richesIt is also suspected by some that those seeking to unlock the mystery of perpetual
16、motion machine must be motivated by the monetary rewards. If such a device were to fall into popular use, the inventor would be a wealthy man indeed.44. Antics and capersEven some of those who are aware of the impossibility of perpetual motion machine have invented something similar under the guise
17、of perpetual motion machine in order to tease us.45. Deception and trickerySome people, though fully aware that they are incapable of inventing a perpetual motion machine, persist in arguing that they can with the intention of scamming us.Though the perpetual motion machine is a dream long-sought af
18、ter by the scientific community, it is improbable that it will ever be realized. We can, however, pour our resources into researching more practical energy conserving forms of power such as geothermal, hydroelectric, and solar power solutions.A In ancient China there was an extremely adroit man by t
19、he name of Zhu Geliang. It is said that he constructed a wooden horse which could walk unaided and could be used in the transportation of military supplies. As no records of this occurrence have been found, this tale has passed into legend.B Inventor F told me excitedly, “some complex details are cu
20、rrently under discussion to unearth the key to perpetual motion. If my experiment proves to be effectual, I will become a Nobel Prize winner. You know, the ceremony is held annually in Sweden and is broadcasted live to every corner of the globe. “ It is no great wonder that Inventor F espoused enthu
21、siasm. A functional perpetual motion machine is a wonder that would be marveled at for generations to come.C Inventor K declared, “the experiments with perpetual motion are on the verge of success. My products will soon be distributed throughout the world and used in a wide range of industrial appli
22、cations. When that happens, my company will expand exponentially. Ill make a fortune!“D One of the closest things to a perpetual motion engine was the one installed on the Traveler 1 spacecraft, the first spaceship in human history to fly beyond the edges of our solar system. Though Travelers engine
23、 is able to run without maintenance for many years, it still requires energynuclear energy. So, strictly speaking, Traveler 1 does not run on a perpetual motion engine, but in fact needs energy as do all other machines.E Mr. Goofy announced that he had effectively diagrammed the first perpetual moti
24、on machine. When a private corporate party purchased the patent, they found to their dismay that manufacturing it according to the design layout was technically infeasible. Furious, they sued Mr. Goofy for fraud, but even in the courtroom, Mr. Goofy would not be shamed. He simply retorted, “Im just
25、joking around.“F Tom, proudly proclaiming that he had invented a clock that ran on perpetual motion, and had it placed in the central square of his town. The clock, he said, would work perfectly despite a lack of springs in the internal mechanism. A scientist later ascertained the secret and reveale
26、d it to the townspeople: the clock had been cleverly devised to run on temperature differentials.10 Scientific Method is a term denoting the principles that guide scientific research and experimentation, and also the philosophic bases of those principles. Whereas philosophy in general is concerned w
27、ith the why as well as the how of things, science occupies itself with the latter question only, but in a scrupulously rigorous manner. The era of modern science is generally considered to have begun with the Renaissance, but the rudiments of the scientific approach to knowledge can be observed thro
28、ughout human history.Definitions of scientific method use such concepts as objectivity of approach to and acceptability of the results of scientific study. Objectivity indicates the attempt to observe things as they are, without falsifying observations to accord with some preconceived worldview. Acc
29、eptability is judged in terms of the degree to which observations and experimentations can be reproduced. (41)_By such reasoning processes, science attempts to develop the broad laws-such as Isaac Newtons law of gravitationthat become part of our understanding of the natural world.Science has tremen
30、dous scope, however, and its many separate disciplines can differ greatly in terms of subject matter and the possible ways of studying that subject matter. No single path to discovery exists in science, and no one clear-cut description can be given that accounts for all the ways in which scientific
31、truth is pursued. One of the early writers on scientific method, the English philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon, wrote in the early 17th century that a tabulation of a sufficiently large number of observations of nature would lead to theories accounting for those operationsthe method of inducti
32、ve reasoning. (42)_A closer approach to the method commonly used by physical scientists today was that followed by Galileo in his study of falling bodies. Observing that heavy objects fall with increasing speed, he formulated the hypothesis that the speed attained is directly proportional to the dis
33、tance traversed. Being unable to test this directly, he deduced from his hypothesis the conclusion that objects falling unequal distances require the same amount of elapsed time. This was a false conclusion, and hence, logically, the first hypothesis was false. Therefore Galileo framed a new hypothe
34、sis: that the speed attained is directly proportional to the time elapsed, not the distance traversed. (43)_Such agreement of a conclusion with an actual observation does not itself prove the correctness of the hypothesis from which the conclusion is derived. It simply renders the premise that much
35、more plausible. (44)_This inner consistency constitutes the basis for the concept of causality in science, according to which every effect is assumed to be linked with a cause.Scientists, like other human beings, may individually be swayed by some prevailing worldview to look for certain experimenta
36、l results rather than others, or to “intuit“ some broad theory that they then seek to prove. (45)_In this way the scientific method prevails.A Essentially modern scientific methods and results appeared in the 17th century because of Galileos successful combination of the functions of scholar and art
37、isan.B Scientific developments during the 18th century paved the way for the following “century of correlation“, so called for its broad generalizations in science.C Scientific method also involves the interplay of inductive reasoning (reasoning from specific observations and experiments to more gen
38、eral hypotheses and theories) and deductive reasoning (reasoning from theories to account for specific experimental results).D The scientific community as a whole, however, judges the work of its members by the objectivity and rigor with which that work has been conducted.E At about the same time, h
39、owever, the French mathematician and philosopher Rene Descartes was attempting to account for observed phenomena on the basis of what he called clear and distinct ideasthe method of deductive reasoning.F The ultimate test of the validity of a scientific hypothesis is its consistency with the totalit
40、y of other aspects of the scientific framework.G From this he was able to infer that the distance traversed by a falling object is proportional to the square of the time elapsed, and this hypothesis he was able to verify experimentally by rolling balls down an inclined plane.15 A Good reason for the
41、 study of tourism.B Developing new forms of provision.C Essence of modern tourism.D Tourism vs leisure.E Extraordinariness of modern tourism.F Exploring role of tourist professionals.Tourism, holidaymaking and travel are these days more significant social phenomena than most commentators have consid
42、ered. On the face of it there could not be a more trivial subject for a book. And indeed since social scientists have had considerable difficulty explaining weightier topics, such as work or politics, it might be thought that they would have great difficulties in accounting for more trivial phenomen
43、a such as holidaymaking.41However, there are interesting parallels with the study of deviance. This involves the investigation of bizarre and idiosyncratic social practices which happen to be defined as deviant in some societies but not necessarily in others. The assumption is that the investigation
44、 of deviance can reveal interesting and significant aspects of “normal“ societies. It could be said that a similar analysis can be applied to tourism.42Tourism is a leisure activity which presupposes its opposite, namely regulated and organised work. It is one manifestation of how work and leisure a
45、re organised as separate and regulated spheres of social practice in “modern“ societies. Indeed acting as a tourist is one of the defining characteristics of being “modern“ and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organized within particular places and occurs for regularised periods of time.
46、 Tourist relationships arise from a movement of people to, and their stay in, various destinations. This necessarily involves some movement, that is the journey, and a period of stay in a new place or places. The journey and the stay are by definition outside the normal places of residence and work
47、and are of a short-term and temporary nature and there is a clear intention to return “home“ within a relatively short period of time.43A substantial proportion of the population of modern societies engages in such tourist practices; new socialised forms of provision have developed in order to cope
48、with the mass character of the gazes of tourists, as opposed to the individual character of travel. Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed upon because there is an anticipation, especially through daydreaming and fantasy, of intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving different
49、 senses from those customarily encountered. Such anticipation is constructed and sustained through a variety of non-tourist practices, such as films, TV, literature, magazines, records and videos which construct and reinforce this daydreaming.44Tourists tend to visit features of landscape and townscape, which separate them off from everyday experience. Such aspects are viewed because they are taken to be in some sense out of the ordinary. The viewing of these tourist sights often involves different f
